Billions & Billions (35 page)

Ghossen Asrar and Jeff Dozier,
EOS: Science Strategy for the Earth Observing System
(Woodbury, NY: American Institute of Physics Press, 1994).

Business and the Environment
(Cutter Information Corp.), January 1996, p. 4.

“FAS Hosts Climate Change Conference for World Bank,” FAS (Federation of American Scientists), Public Interest Report, March/April 1996.

Kennedy Graham,
The Planetary Interest
, Global Security Programme, University of Cambridge, UK, 1995.

Jeremy Leggett, ed.,
Global Warming
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).

Thomas R. Mancini, James M. Chavez, and Gregory J. Kolb, “Solar Thermal Power Today and Tomorrow,”
Mechanical Engineering
, vol. 116, 1994, pp. 74–79.

Michael Valenti, “Storing Solar Energy in Salt,”
Mechanical Engineering
, vol. 117, 1995, pp. 72–75.

Julie Edelson Halport, “Harnessing the Sun and Selling It Abroad: U.S. Solar Industry in Export Boom,”
The New York Times
, June 5, 1995, p. D1.

Raimon Panikkar, University of California at Santa Barbara, at Global World Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders, Oxford, U.K., April 1988.

Carl Sagan,
et al
, “Preserving and Cherishing the Earth,”
American Journal of Physics
, vol. 58, 1990, pp. 615–17.

Peter Steinfels, “Evangelical Group Defends Laws Protecting Endangered Species as a Modern ‘Noah’s Ark,’ ”
The New York Times
, January 31, 1996.

Georgi Arbatov,
The System: An Insider’s Life in Soviet Politics
(New York: Times Books, 1992).

Mikhail Heller and Aleksander M. Nekrich, translated by Phyllis B. Carlos,
Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present
(New York: Summit Books, 1986).

John Connery, S.J.,
Abortion: The Development of the Roman Catholic Perspective
(Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1977).

M. A. England,
The Color Atlas of Life Before Birth: Normal Fetal Development
, 2nd ed. (Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publishers, Inc., 1990).

Jane Hurst,
The History of Abortion in the Catholic Church: The Untold Story
(Washington, D.C.: Catholics for a Free Choice, 1989).

Carl Sagan,
The Dragons of Eden
(New York: Random House, 1977).

Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan,
Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors: A Search for Who We Are
(New York: Random House, 1992).

Lawrence J. Korb, “Military Metamorphosis,”
Issues in Science and Technology
, Winter 1995/6, pp. 75–77.

Albert Einstein,
The World as I See It
(New York: Covici Friede Publishers, 1934).

C
ARL
S
AGAN
was the David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences and Director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies at Cornell University. He played a leading role in the American space program since its inception. He was a consultant and adviser to NASA since the 1950s, briefed the
Apollo
astronauts before their flights to the Moon, and was an experimenter on the
Mariner, Viking, Voyager
, and
Galileo
expeditions to the planets. He helped solve the mysteries of the high temperature of Venus (answer: massive greenhouse effect), the seasonal changes on Mars (answer: windblown dust), and the reddish haze of Titan (answer: complex organic molecules).

For his work, Dr. Sagan received the NASA medals for Exceptional Scientific Achievement and (twice) for Distinguished Public Service, as well as the NASA
Apollo
Achievement Award. Asteroid 2709 Sagan is named after him. He was also awarded the John F. Kennedy Astronautics Award of the American Astronautical Society, the Explorers Club 75th Anniversary Award, the Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Medal of the Soviet Cosmonauts Federation, and the Masursky Award of the American Astronomical Society (“for his extraordinary contributions to the development of planetary science.… As a scientist trained in both astronomy and biology, Dr. Sagan has made seminal contributions to the study of planetary atmospheres, planetary surfaces, the history of the Earth, and exobiology. Many of the most productive planetary scientists working today are his present and former students and associates”).

He was also a recipient of the Public Welfare Medal, the highest award of the National Academy of Sciences (for “distinguished
contributions in the application of science to the public welfare.… Carl Sagan has been enormously successful in communicating the wonder and importance of science. His ability to capture the imagination of millions and to explain difficult concepts in understandable terms is a magnificent achievement”).

Dr. Sagan was elected Chairman of the Division of Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society, President of the Planetology Section of the American Geophysical Union, and Chairman of the Astronomy Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. For twelve years he was the editor-in-chief of
Icarus
, the leading professional journal devoted to planetary research. He was cofounder and President of the Planetary Society, a 100,000-member organization that is the largest space-interest group in the world; and Distinguished Visiting Scientist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.

A Pulitzer Prize winner for the book
The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence
, Dr. Sagan was the author of many bestsellers, including
Cosmos
, which became the bestselling science book ever published in English. The accompanying Emmy and Peabody award–winning television series has been seen by 500 million people in sixty countries. He received twenty-two honorary degrees from American colleges and universities for his contributions to science, literature, education, and the preservation of the environment, and many awards for his work on the long-term consequences of nuclear war and reversing the nuclear arms race. His novel,
Contact
, is now a major motion picture.

In their posthumous award to Dr. Sagan of their highest honor, the National Science Foundation declared that his “research transformed planetary
science
 … his gifts to mankind were infinite.”

Dr. Sagan’s surviving family includes his wife and collaborator of twenty years, Ann Druyan; his children, Dorion, Jeremy, Nicholas, Sasha, and Sam; and a grandchild, Tonio.