Chocolate Wars: The 150-Year Rivalry Between the World's Greatest Chocolate Makers (56 page)

and registered shares

and Rowntree

sales figures

and shareholder capitalism

and television advertising

during World War I

during World War I, post-

during World War II

See also
Peter-Kohler-Nestlé

Nestlé, Henry

Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk

Nevinson, Henry

New Earswick garden village

New Zealand

Newspaper, ownership of

North America

North American Treaty Act Agreement of 1994

Oakeshott, Matthew

Obesity epidemic

O’Brien, T. J.

Old Age Pension Act of 1908

Oliver Twist
(Dickens)

Olmec

Orphan school

Orphan school trust

Pacifism

Page, Charles

Page, George

Palmer, Harry

Paper credit

Pastilles

Pauperism in England and Wales
(Joseph Rowntree)

Pearce, Robert

Pears

Pease, Edward

Peltz, Nelson

Penberthy, John

Penn, William

People’s Budget

Peter, Daniel

merger

and milk chocolate

and Société des Chocolats au Lait Peter

Peter, Julian

Peter, Rose Georgina (daughter of Daniel Peter)

Peter Paul

Peter-Cailler et Compagnie

Peter-Cailler-Kohler

Peter-Kohler

Peter-Kohler-Nestlé

Pfizer

Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

Philadelphia Centennial Exposition

Philanthropy
See also
Social reform

Phillip Morris

Phillips, Timothy

Pickford, Justice

Pledge Money

Polo

Poor Laws

Portuguese colonies, slave trade in

Portuguese Labor Decree of 1903

Poverty

and globalization

Poverty: A Study of Town Life
(Rowntree, Benjamin Seebohm)

Poverty in England and Wales
(Joseph Rowntree)

Poverty line

Price, Fanny

Principe

Public Assistance Institutions

Pure Concentrated Cocoa

Pure Confections by Steam

Quaker capitalism
See also
Capitalism

Quaker firms

and antislavery movement

merger of

during World War I

See also
Cadbury; Fry; Rowntree

Quaker Line

Quakerism

and antislavery movement

and banking

and business failure

and business guidelines

and business influence, loss of

and Cadbury

and codes of personal conduct

in contemporary society

and Fry, Joseph Storrs

and gambling news

and material prosperity

and meetings

and pacifism

and poverty

religious persecution of

and Rowntree, John Wilhelm (son of Joseph Rowntree)

and wealth

and worker welfare

during World War I

Quakers and Business Group

Railways

Rainforest Alliance

Rapin, L.

Ration Chocolate

Ration K chocolate

Reckitt, Sir James

Reckitt family

Reformed Mennonite Church

Rhodes, Cecil

Ritzema, Thomas

R.J. Reynolds

Robinson, William

Rockefeller, John D.

Rosenfeld, Irene

and Fairtrade

and General Foods

and sustainability

Roussy, Auguste

Rowntree

acquisitions

and advertising

and Aero patent

and Alpine Milk Chocolate

and antislavery movement

and Cadbury

and Canada

countlines

and General Foods

and Jacob Suchard

as limited liability company

and Mackintosh of Halifax

and Nestlé

and product development
(see also individual products)

and Quaker firms, merger of

and recovery, post-World War II

sales figures

and Tanner’s Moat factory

and television advertising

during World War I

during World War I, post-

Rowntree, Arnold (nephew of Joseph Rowntree)

Rowntree, Benjamin Seebohm (son of Joseph Rowntree)

and poverty

and Quaker firms, merger of

and worker welfare

Rowntree, Henry Isaac (brother of Joseph Rowntree)

and chocolate business, decline of

death of

Rowntree, John Wilhelm (son of Joseph Rowntree)

Rowntree, Joseph

and advertising

and chocolate business, decline of

and Dutch chocolate

and employee welfare

and factory, modernization of

and Haxby Road factory

industrial espionage by

and model garden village

and pension fund

and poverty

and product development
(see also individual products)

and Quaker firms, merger of

and trusts

and Van Houten cocoa press

and worker welfare

Rowntree, Joseph (father of Joseph Rowntree)

Rowntree Charitable Trust

Rowntree Social Services Trust

Rowntree Trusts

Rowntree Village Trust

Rowntree’s Black Magic

Rowntree’s Homeopathic Cocoa

Rowntree’s Rock Cocoa

Royal Bank of Scotland

Ruskin, John

Ruskin Hall

Russia

Rutter, Joseph

Salt, Titus

Sanderson Fox and Company

São Tomé

Schmalbach, John

Schweppe, Jean Jacob

Schweppes
See also
Cadbury Schweppes

Scientific management

Selly Oak Colleges

Shareholder capitalism
See also
Capitalism

Shareholders

Shield Chocolate

Shilling Cocoa

Short-termism

Simbel, Abu

Slave trade
See also
Antislavery movement

Slavery Abolition Act of 1833

Smarties

Snavely, Frank

Snavely, Joseph

Snavely, Martha “Mattie” (aunt of Milton Snavely Hershey)

as volunteer candy wrapper

Snickers

Social reform
See also
Philanthropy

Société des Chocolats au Lait Peter

Société Générale Suisse de Chocolat

Soluble Cocoa

Somervell, John

South Africa

South African Conciliation Committee

South America

Spain

Spanish conquistadors

Spirit, of a business

Spitalfield works

Spring Garden Steam Confectionery Works

Sprüngli, Johann Rudolf

Sprüngli family

libel lawsuit against

Standard Oil

Steam Engine Committee

Steam engines

Stephenson, Marmaduke

Stevenson, George

Stitzer, Todd

and Cadbury Hershey

and Cadbury Schweppes de-merger

and capitalism

and Fairtrade

and greed

and Hershey

and Kraft Cadbury

Stober, Matthew

Stocktaking

Stockton and Darlington Railway

Stollwerck

Strasser, Peter

Suchard

Suchard, Philippe

Sugar candy

Sugar plantations

Sugar rationing

Sunderland, John

Supermarkets

Sustainability

Sweating
(Edward Cadbury)

Sweeney, Catherine “Kitty” (wife of Milton Snavely Hershey)

Swift, Gustavus

Swiss chocolate
See also
Lindt, Rodolphe; Nestlé, Henry; Peter, Daniel

Swiss milk chocolate
See also
Milk chocolate

Switzerland

Tallis, William

Tangyes Brothers

Tanner’s Moat factory (Rowntree)

Taylor, Elizabeth “Elsie” (second wife of George Cadbury Sr.)

and Bournville Village

and husband, death of

and orphans

and philanthropy

during World War II

Taylor brothers

Television advertising
See also
Advertising

Temperance Movement

Terry

Terry, Joseph

Thackray, Edward

Thatcher, Margaret

Thompson, Henry Richard

3 Musketeers

Tobler, Jean

Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform
(Howard)

Trade Board’s Act of 1909

Trade unions

Travelling salesmen

Treder, Rev. John

Trident gum

Trinidad

Truman, George

Trusts

Cadbury (
see also
Bournville Village Trust)

Hershey (
see also
Hershey Trust)

Rowntree

Tucker, William Jewitt

Tuke, Samuel

Tuke and Company

TV advertising

Tyler, Mary (first wife of George Cadbury Sr.)

Unger, Otto

Union membership

Unite trade union

United States

obesity epidemic in

Unto This Last
(Ruskin)

Urban, C. Emlen

Valle Flor, Marquis de

Van Houten, Casparus

Van Houten, Coenraad

and alkalized cocoa

and cocoa press

and Dutch cocoa

Victoria, Queen

Wadkin, Candia

Wage gap

Wages

Waite, Harold

Walter Baker and Company

Watkins, Henry

Watkinson, Lord

Watt, James

Wealth

and Quakerism

“Wealth” (Carnegie)

Wedgwood, Josiah

Welwyn Garden City

West Africa

West Indies

White, Francis

White, William

Wilberforce, William

Wilhelm, John (son of Joseph Rowntree)

William Cadbury Trust

Williamson, George

Wilson, Emma (second wife of Richard Cadbury)

Wilson, Sir Erasmus

Wilson, Woodrow

Wispa

Women’s Work and Wages
(Edward Cadbury)

Woodbrooke College

Woodlands for crippled children

Worker welfare

and Carnegie

and Fry, Joseph Storrs

and Hershey, Milton Snavely

See also
Labor reform

World Health Organization

World War I

Bournville factory during

Bournville Village during

Cadbury during

Dairy Milk during

Fancy Boxes during

Fry during

Hershey during

Nestlé during

post-

Quaker firms during

and Quakerism

Rowntree during

and sugar rationing

World War II

Bournville factory during

Bournville Village during

Cadbury during

Hershey during

Mars during

Nestlé during

post-

Wrigley

Wrigley, William, Jr.

York Peppermint Patties

Yorkie

Deborah Cadbury is a writer, award-winning documentary producer for the BBC, the author of seven books, and a relative of the famous Quaker family who gave their name to one of the world’s most famous brands of chocolate.