Authors: Peter Schweizer
2. Sunlight Foundation, Political Party Time,
http://politicalpartytime.org/www/partytime_dump_all.csv
.
3. George Mitchell quoted in Mark C. Alexander, “Let Them Do Their Jobs: The Compelling Government Interest in Protecting the Time of Candidates and Elected Officials,”
Loyola University Chicago Law Journal
37: 14–15.
4. Ryan J. Reilly and Melissa Jeltsen, “House Ethics: Timing on Fundraisers, Financial Reform Was a Coincidence,”
TPMMuckraker
, January 27, 2011,
http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/01/house_ethics_timing_on_fundraisers_financial_reform_was_coindicence.php?p=0
.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Stanley Brubaker, “The Limits of Campaign Spending Limits,”
Public Interest (Fall 1998): 40.
8. Benjamin S. Feuer, “Between Political Speech and Cold, Hard Cash: Evaluating the FEC’s New Regulations for 527 Groups,”
Northwestern University Law Review
100, no. 2 (2006): 932.
9. Andrew B. Hall, “How Much of the Incumbency Advantage Is Financial?” January 10, 2013, p. 2,
http://polmeth.wustl.edu/media/Paper/HallHowMuch.pdf
.
10. Chris Murphy, “I Didn’t Get Elected to Be a Fundraiser: How Trolling for Donations Detracts From Lawmakers’ Mission,”
Hartford Courant
, February 3, 2008.
11. Larry Makinson, “Speaking Freely: Washington Insiders Talk About Money in Politics,” Center for Responsive Politics, 2003.
12. Stephen Ansolabehere, John M. de Figueiredo, and James M. Snyder Jr., “Why Is There So Little Money in U.S. Politics?” Working Paper 9409, National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2002, p. 15.
13. Douglas D. Roscoe and Shannon Jenkins, “A Meta-Analysis of Campaign Contributions’ Impact on Roll Call Voting,”
Social Science Quarterly 86, no. 1 (2005): 52–68.
14. David Mills and Robert Weisberg, “Corrupting the Harm Requirement in White-Collar Crime,”
Stanford Law Review 60, no. 5 (March 2008): 1381.
15. Thomas Brunell, “The Relationship Between Political Parties and Interest Groups: Explaining Patterns of PAC Contributions for Congress,”
Political Research Quarterly
58 (2005): 682.
16. Amy J. Hillman, Gerald D. Keim, and Douglas Schuler, “Corporate Political Activity: A Review and Research Agenda,”
Journal of Management
30, no. 6 (2004): 848.
17. See Appendix 1.
18. U.S. Congressman Fred Upton, “Committee Assignments,”
http://upton.house.gov/biography/committees.htm;
see Appendix 1. The dues listed are one-sixth of the total assessment for the cycle.
19. U.S. Congressman Dave Camp, “Biography,”
http://camp.house.gov/biography/;
see Appendix 1. The dues listed are one-sixth of the total assessment for the cycle.
20. U.S. Congressman Lamar Smith, “Biography,”
http://lamarsmith.house.gov/biog raphy/
; see Appendix 1. The dues listed are one-sixth of the total assessment for the cycle.
21. U.S. House of Representatives, Democratic Caucus, “The Democratic Caucus,”
http://www.dems.gov/democratic-caucus
.
22. National Republican Congressional Committee, “NRCC Patriot Program,”
http://electgoppatriots.com
/; “U.S. Rep. Allyson Schwartz Reappointed to Powerful Ways and Means Committee in 113th Congress,”
Times Herald
(Montgomery County, Penn.), December 12, 2012.
23. Stuart Rothenberg, “The Most Vulnerable House Incumbent(s) of 2013,” Rothenberg Political Report, April 17, 2013,
http://rothenbergpoliticalreport.com/news/article/the-most-vulnerable-house-incumbents-of-2014
.
24. Mark Wegner, “Congress Daily: House Races, Hoyer Links Fundraising to Keeping Seats on Key Panels,”
National Journal Daily
, February 2, 2011.
25. Congressman Jim Cooper, “Forum: Fixing Congress,”
Boston Review
, May 2, 2011.
26. Molly K. Hooper, “House Republican Campaign Chief Furious After Leak on Party Dues,” The Hill, March 17, 2011.
27. For this exemption, see Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, House Ethics Manual, 110th Cong., 2nd sess. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2008), p. 145,
http://ethics.house.gov/sites/ethics.house.gov/files/documents/2008_House_Ethics_Manual.pdf
.
28. See Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute, “2 USC § 439A—Use of Contributed Amounts for Certain Purposes,”
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/439a
.
29. William Bernhard and Tracy Sulkin, “Following the Party? Member-to-Member Campaign Contributions and Cue-Taking in the U.S. House,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Seattle, September 1–4, 2011, p. 10.
30. James Valvo and Carl Oberg, “Exposing the Special Interests Behind Waxman-Markey,” Policy Paper 0909, Americans for Prosperity, September 2009,
http://americansforprosperity.org/files/Policy_Paper_0909_0.pdf
.
31. Govtrack.us, “House Vote #477 in 2009: H.R. 2454 (111th): American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009,” June 26, 2009,
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/111-2009/h477
.
32. Keenan Steiner and Jake Harper, “In GOP Leadership Race, McMorris Rodgers Has the Dough Behind Her,” Sunlight Foundation Reporting Group, November 14, 2012,
http://reporting.sunlightfoundation.com/2012/gop-leadership-race-mcmorris-rodgers-has-dough-behind-her/
.
33. Federal Election Commission (FEC), “Candidate and Committee Viewer: “PAC TO THE FUTURE,”
http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do
.
34. Jonathan Tamari, “Andrews Used Wife to Vet Use of Campaign Funds on Trip,” Philadelphia Inquirer, September 12, 2012.
35. Robert Pear and Jennifer Steinhauer, “House Rebukes GOP Leaders over Spending,” New York Times, September 21, 2011.
36. Ibid.
37. Major Garrett, “Beyond Mediation,” National Journal, September 30, 2011.
38. Federal Election Commission (FEC), “Candidate and Committee Viewer: Freedom Project,”
http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do
.
39. Govtrack.us, “House Vote #72 in 2012: H.R. 3630 (112th): Middle-Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012,” February 17, 2012,
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/112-2012/h72
.
40. “2012 House Races,” Politico,
http://www.politico.com/2012-election/map/#/House/2012/TN
.
41. Jennifer Steinhauer and Robert Pear, “House Set to Vote Down Payroll Tax Cut Extension,” New York Times, December 19, 2011.
42. Federal Election Commission (FEC), “Candidate and Committee Viewer: Majority Committee PAC,”
http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do
; “Election 2010,”
New York Times
,
http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/house
.
43. Federal Election Commission (FEC), “Candidate and Committee Viewer: AmeriPAC: The Fund for a Greater America,”
http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/Candi dateCommitteeDetail.do
.
44. Govtrack.us, “House Vote #477 in 2009: H.R. 2454 (111th): American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009,” June 26, 2009,
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/111-2009/h477
.
45. Kristin Kanthak and George A. Krause, The Diversity Paradox:
Political Parties, Legislatures, and the Organizational Foundations of Representation in America
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 79.
46. Kathryn Pearson, Party Discipline in the Contemporary Congress:
Rewarding Loyalty in Theory and Practice
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), p. 11.
47. Ibid.
48. Suzanne Robbins, “Cash Flows: Leadership PACs in the U.S. Congress from 1992 to 2008,” Proceedings of the Forty-Third Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science, IEEE Computer Society, Koloa Kauai, Hawaii, January 5–8, 2010, p. 2.
49. Quoted in Marian Currinder, Money in the House:
Campaign Funds and Congressional Party Politics
(Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 2009), p. 252 (ellipses in original).
50. Federal Election Commission (FEC), “Candidate and Committee Viewer: Mountaineer,”
http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do
.
51. Federal Election Commission (FEC), “Candidate and Committee Viewer: AmeriPAC: The Fund for a Greater America,”
http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do
.
52. Timothy J. Burger, “California’s Napolitano Makes $220,000 from 1998 Campaign Loan,” Bloomberg, February 13, 2009,
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?sid=aUZXCuqGb_Lw&pid=newsarchive
.
53. Ibid.
54. See CREW (Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington),
Family Affair Report
(2012), p. 41,
http://www.citizensforethics.org/page/-/PDFs/Reports/Family_Affair_House_2012_CREW.pdf?nocdn=1
. The author has independently verified these numbers by examining FEC files.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.
57. “Rep. Rodney Alexander (R),” National Journal,
http://www.nationaljournal.com/almanac/member/8
.
58. Katherine Skiba, “Numerous Battles Haven’t Slowed Rep. Bobby Rush,” Chicago Tribune, September 19, 2011.
59. See Elliott Peterson’s LinkedIn profile at:
http://www.linkedin.com/pub/elliott-peterson/59/215/9a9
; CQ MoneyLine, “Peterson, Collin C., 2009–2010 Election Cycle” (itemized disbursement data),
http://www.politicalmoneyline.com/tr/tr_mg_cand.aspx?&sCandID=H2MN07014&sCycle=2010
(subscription required).
60. “Election Results [1992–2012]: District 4 in Texas,”
PoliGu.com
,
http://www.thepoliticalguide.com/Profiles/House/Texas/Ralph_Hall/ElectionResults
.
61. “Election Results [1992–2012]: District 6 in Texas,”
PoliGu.com
,
http://www.thepoliticalguide.com/Profiles/House/Texas/Joe_Barton/ElectionResults
.
62. “Election Results [1992–2010]: District 9 in North Carolina,”
PoliGu.com
,
http://www.thepoliticalguide.com/Profiles/House/North_Carolina/Sue_Myrick/ElectionResults
.
63. Federal Election Commission (FEC), “Candidate and Committee Viewer: Randy Forbes,”
http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do
.
64. Federal Election Commission (FEC), “Candidate and Committee Viewer: Gary Miller,”
http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do
.
65. CREW, Family Affair Report, pp. 205–6.
5. The Double-Milker:
You
May Not Be Interested in Washington, but Washington Is Interested in You
1. Bruce Bouton, “RMA Members Attend GRAMMYs on the Hill,”
International Musician 109, no. 6 (June 2011).
2. “Internet Piracy and How to Stop It: A Senate Bill Has Commendable Goals, but Needs Some Work Before It Can Be Law” (editorial),
New York Times
, June 9, 2011.
3. Business Software Alliance, “Shadow Market: 2011 BSA Global Software Piracy Study,” 9th ed., May 2012,
http://globalstudy.bsa.org/2011/downloads/study_pdf/2011_BSA_Piracy_Study-Standard.pdf
.
4. Maria Pallante, John Clark, Michael O’Leary, Linda Kirkpatrick, Katherine Oyama, and Paul Almeida, testimony before House Judiciary Committee hearing on H.R. 3261 (Stop Online Piracy Act), 112th Cong., 1st sess., November 16, 2011.
5. Paul Harris, “Veep Vows War on Fakes,”
Daily Variety, December 16, 2009, p. 5.
6. Ted Johnson, “Veep on Piracy Pulpit,” Daily Variety, April 13, 2011.
7. Matthew K. Dames, “Why the Frame of ‘Piracy’ Matters,”
Information Daily 26, no. 6 (June 2009): 22.
8. Johnson, “Veep on Piracy Pulpit.”
9. Dave Boyer and Susan Crabtree, “Obama Presses China on Rights, Trade; Vice President Xi Jinping Visits U.S.,” Washington Times, February 15, 2012; Jonathan Weisman and Greg White, “Biden Decries Russian Corruption During Visit,” Wall Street Journal, March 11, 2011.
10. Tom Barkley and Jarod Favole, “U.S. Sets Coordinated Response to Intellectual-Property Threats
,” Wall Street Journal, June 23, 2010.
11. Govtrack.us, “H.R. 3261 (112th): Stop Online Piracy Act,” October 26, 2011,
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/hr3261
(accessed April 2, 2013); Govtrack.us, “S. 968 (112th): Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act of 2011,” May 12, 2011,
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/s968
(accessed March 2, 2013).
12. Paul Sexton, “Business Diary: Glen Barros,”
Financial Times
, February 14, 2011.
13. Cecilia Kang and Perry Bacon Jr., “Obama’s Fundraising Faces Key Test in California
,” Washington Post, April 19, 2011.