The Joy of Pain (43 page)

The Scarlet Letter
(Hawthorne),
106

schadenfreude

age of,
xv

zero-sum, competitive situations and,
34
,
180

antidotes,
xvii
,
163
–166,
170
–176

belief in a just world and,
80
–82

in biography,
17
–20

definition/meaning of,
xi
,
xiii
,
202
n
19,
204
n
4,
207
n
52

deservingness and,
xiv
,
67
–71,
79
,
181
,
202
n
19,
204
n
4,
207
n
54.
See also
deserved misfortune and justice

empathy and,
xvii

envy and,
xvi
–xvii,
109
,
111
–114,
130
–134,
153
–154,
181

evolutionary roots of,
10
–13

in fiction,
16
–17,
30
–32,
138
–139

felt by Hitler,
152

first hand suffering of,
157
–161

from gain,
xii
-xiii,
2

gossip,
141
,
187

hostile action and,
134
–139,
153
–157

human depravity and,
xvi
–xvii,
48

humiliation and,
94
–98

humor and,
27
–30

hypocrisy and,
71
–77

inferiority in others and,
8
–10,
21
–24,
94
–98

ingroup gain,
35
,
64

injustice and,
xiv
,
130
–134

in media,
93
–108,
115
–121,
178
–179

as natural human emotion,
xviii

persecution and murder of Jews,
141
–143,
151
–153,
157
–160

passive vs. active,
xvi
,
22
,
91
,
153
,
207
n
52

in politics,
44
–48

punishment and,
70

revenge and,
67
–68,
86
–92

sadism and,
92
,
157
,
207
n
54,
220
n
59

self-interest and,
50
–54,
82
–86,
182
–183

superiority and,
xii
,
1
–4,
10
–12,
16
–20,
27
–30

in sports,
39
–44

usage in books published,
xv
,
xv
f

Scheler, Max,
132
–133

Schurtz, Ryan,
41

Schwartz, Michael,
69

Schwarzenegger, Arnold,
88

Scroggins, W. T. “Dub,”
21

Seaman, Ann Rowe,
74

self-affirming thoughts,
9

self-deception, envy and,
129
–130

self-esteem

experimental evidence of,
6
–10

group membership and,
34
–36

illusions and,
16

inferiority in others and,
8
–10

movement of,
7
f

narcissism and,
133
–134

revenge and,
90

social comparisons and,
6
–10,
29

self-evaluation, social comparisons and,
4
,
6
–10,
16
,
180

self-importance,
105

self-interest

children and,
59
–61

culture and,
64

empathy and,
62
–65

extreme circumstances and,
57
–59

human nature and,
54
–57

justice and,
82
–86

other-interest and,
xiii
–xiv,
51
–54

self-interested behavior,
64

self-pride (
amour propre
),
5

self-serving feelings, in mating game,
51

self-worth, downward comparison and,
xii

Seligman, Martin,
xvii

sense of humor

Hitler's,
217
n
19

perception of,
14
–16,
15
f

sexual predator,
101
.
See also To Catch A Predator

Shakespeare, William,
37
,
92
,
100
,
125

Shapiro, William,
158
,
161

shared standards,
68
,
79

“She Bangs” (song).
93

Shepard, Alan,
xiii
,
189
n
3

sibling rivalry,
60

Sides, Hampton,
91
–92

Sideshow Bob
,
51

Simmons, Carolyn,
80

Simpson, Homer
,
xi
–xiii,
xvi
,
109
,
122
–123,
183
–184

Simpson, Lisa
,
xi
,
xvi
,
109
,
183

The Simpsons
,
xi
,
xii
,
xvi
,
51
,
109
,
122
–123

Sinatra, Frank,
4
,
9

situational causes, role of,
165
–166,
168
,
171
–172

60 Minutes
,
24
–25

Skinner, B. F.,
5

Slate Magazine
,
74
,
100
,
117

slavery,
85
–86

Smith, Adam,
62

Snierson, Dan,
105
–106

Snyder, Don J.,
1

soccer fans,
39

social comparisons

in biography,
17
–20

evolutionary roots of,
10
–16

in fiction,
16
–17

at intergroup level,
29

self-esteem and,
6
–10,
16

self-evaluation in,
4

self-interest and,
61

in “state of nature,”
5

Social Psychology and Human Nature
(Baumeister and Bushman),
63

Soldiers and Slaves
(Cohen),
157

solitary state, social comparisons in,
5

South Africa,
182

Spears, Russell,
133
,
153

Speer, Albert,
146
,
217
n
19

SpiderMan
,
121

Spinoza, Baruch,
109

“sport killings,”
24

Spode
,
30
–31

sports,
schadenfreude
in,
39
–44

sports fans, emotional life of,
36
–39

St. John, Warren,
36
–38,
40

St. Andrews University,
83
–84

standards, culturally shared,
68
,
79

Stanford University,
75
,
120
,
177

“state of nature,” social comparisons in,
5

status, revenge and,
105
–108

stealing,
76

Stereotype Content Model,
148
,
151
,
153

Stevens, Helen,
48

Stewart, Jon,
28
,
54

Stewart, Martha,
117
–119,
122
,
123
,
178

Stuckart, Wilhelm,
155
–157

studies.
See
research/studies

success/failure, of others,
61
–62

“sudden glory,”
27

suffering, of hypocrites,
75
–77

Sundie, Jill,
120

superiority.
See also
social comparisons

evolution and,
10

inferiority in others and,
8
–10

superiority theory of humor,
27
–30

Survivor
(television show),
96
,
119
–120.
See also
reality television

Swaggart, Jimmy,
71
–72,
74

Swift, Jonathan,
49
,
52
,
122

tabloids, appeal of,
115
–116

Tajfel, Henri,
35
–37

Takahashi, Hidehiko,
114

Telushkin, Joseph,
147
–148

Thornburg, Richard “Dick”
,
107

“thrill of victory,”
28
–29

The Today Show
(television show),
23

Toland, John,
147
,
152

The Tonight Show
(television show),
119
–120

Toobin, Jeffery,
117
–118,
122

Totleigh Towers
,
31

Tucker, Sophie,
4

Turner, Terry,
113

Twain, Mark,
21
,
112
,
114
–115,
141
,
147
,
212
n
21

Unamuno, Miguel de,
130

unequal treatment, studies of,
12
–13

University of Alabama,
36
–38,
40

University of California at Berkeley,
93

University of Bristol,
35

University of Florida,
37
–38

University of Kentucky,
38
–39,
41

University of Michigan,
6

University of Tennessee,
38

University of Vienna,
13

Upton, Caitlin,
23

upward comparison,
6
–8.
See also
social comparisons

U.S. invasion of Cuba,
119

U.S. Open (golf tournament),
29
,
180
,
182

Van Buren, President,
175

van Dijk, Wilco,
8
,
9
,
20
,
26
,
68

vegetarians,
75
–76

vengeance,
105

vengeful urges/feelings,
87

victims, blaming of,
80
–82

Vidal, Gore,
111
–112

vindication,
105

vulnerable narcissists,
133
–134

Waal, Frans de,
xvii

Waite, Brad,
xv
,
96

Walden Two
(Skinner),
5

Wannsee Conference,
154
–157

The War of the Worlds
(novel),
60

war, vs. lasting peace,
116

Watts, Amber,
96

Wegman, Jesse,
99
,
108

Wesseling, Yoka,
8

Westwood, Lee,
179

Why is it Always About You?
(Hotchkiss),
134

Why the Jews?: The Reasons for Anti-Semitism
(Prager and Telushkin),
147
–148

Wiesel, Elie,
69

Wiesenthal, Simon,
86

Wilde, Oscar,
74

Wildschut, Tim,
42

Wile E. Coyote
,
54

Wills, Tom,
25
–26,
27
,
30

Wilson, Bill,
22

Wilson, Tim,
89

Wiltz, James,
105

Winn, Steven,
100

“winning,” laughter/humor and,
28
–29

Wodehouse, P. G.,
30
–32,
195
–196
n
39

World War I, Germany's defeat in,
146

World War II,
157

Wolk, Josh,
105
–106

Woods, Tiger,
29
,
177
–183,
187

Woolen, Saundra,
79
,
82

Wooster, Bertie
,
30
,
184
–185,
187

Yerkes National Primate Research Center,
12
,
63

zero-sum game,
33
–34

Zionism,
145
.
See also
Jews