The Transformation of the World (260 page)

population of,
122
–
24

public health in,
172
–
74

Reform Act and shift in domestic politics,
55

revolution in,
524
–
25

statistics and governance in,
28

urbanization of,
255

See also
British Empire
;
East India Company

Great Depression,
906
,
918

Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry, London (1851),
14

Great Powers, European,
88
,
144
,
210
,
243
,
457
–
58
,
469
,
512
–
13
,
915

capital as instrument of,
739

China and,
63
,
84
,
210
,
271
,
401
,
495
,
498
,
509
,
610
–
11
,
758

and Congress System,
398

enforcement of treaties or agreements by,
144
,
505
–
6
,
868
–
69

and establishment of boundaries or borders,
110
–
11
,
360

and European system of states,
396
–
99

Hague Peace Conferences and,
469
,
502
–
3
,
509
–
10

imperial and colonial rivalry among,
63
,
84
,
88

imperial expansion and,
23
,
392
–
402
,
445
,
474
–
75

Japan and,
480
–
81
,
483
,
495
,
500
,
612
–
13

and “liberation” of Greece,
90
–
91
,
407
–
9
,
829

as military powers,
119
,
120
,
470
–
71
,
483

and Ottoman Empire,
90
,
401
,
473
,
560
,
570
,
627

rivalries among,
398
,
470
,
472
,
474

state building and,
90
–
91
,
360
,
408
–
9
,
418
–
19
,
466
,
471
–
72

US and,
478
–
79
,
483

war among,
124
,
398
–
99
,
472
(
See also
specific wars
)

Great Rebellion (Indian Mutiny),
33
,
159
,
312
,
522
,
543
,
551
–
54
,
609
,
616
,
754
–
55
,
831
,
835
,
860
,
888

Great Trek of the Boers,
351

Greece,
140
,
407

Great Powers and “liberation” of,
90
–
91
,
408
,
409
,
829

revolt against Ottoman empire,
137
,
521

Greeley, Horace,
36

Greenwich Mean Time,
70

Gregory XIII, Pope,
50

Grey, Charles, 2nd Earl,
541

Grigorios V,
888

Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm,
16
,
780

Gross Domestic Product (GDP),
168
–
70
,
615
–
16

industrial revolution and,
642
–
49

Guangzhou.
See
Canton (Guangzhou)

Guelke, Leonard,
354

Guizot, François,
88
,
913

Gumplowicz, Ludwig von,
861

gunboat diplomacy,
294
,
400
,
460
,
489
,
499
,
827
,
832

Gurkhas,
425
,
553

Guyana,
135
,
158
,
159
,
438
,
465

Habermas, Jürgen,
119
,
596

Habsburg Empire,
102
,
269
,
431
,
614
,
877

censorship in,
32

disease outbreaks in,
185

dissolution of,
466
–
67
,
472
,
545
,
592

Hungary as part of,
434
–
36
,
465
,
556

migration from,
143
–
45
,
156

as military power,
120

nationalism in,
397
–
98
,
406
–
7
,
417
,
421
–
22
,
426

Ottoman Empire and,
90
,
142

peasant revolt in,
520
–
21
,
544
–
45

population of,
119

See also
Austria-Hungary

haciendas,
683
–
85

Haeckel, Ernst,
897

Hagenbeck, Carl,
384

Hague Peace Conferences,
469
,
502
–
3
,
509
–
10

First,
509
–
10

Second,
469
,
502
,
510

Haidar Ali, Sultan of Mysore,
447
–
48

Haiphong,
286

Haiti,
54
,
59
,
61
,
99
,
132
–
33
,
400
,
409
,
437
,
783
,
844
,
850
–
51

revolution in,
99
,
132
–
33
,
407
,
418
,
449
,
459
,
523
,
528
–
33
,
540
,
699
,
701
,
705
,
840
,
844
,
846

Halecki, Oskar,
102

Hall, Peter,
272
,
317

Hämäläinen, Pekka,
336

Hamburg,
39
,
189
–
91
,
259
,
274
,
277
,
278
,
281
–
82
,
297
,
316
,
714

Hamlin, Christopher,
190

Han Bangqing,
21

Hangzhou,
211
,
251

Hankou (Wuhan),
280
,
293
–
95
,
597
,
661
,
772

Hanoi,
6
,
186
,
238
,
270
,
284
–
86
,
289
,
801

Hanover,
298
,
537

Hanyang ironworks,
295
,
661
,
664

Harmsworth, Alfred Charles William (Lord Northcliff),
36

Harris Treaty,
471

Harrod, Charles Digby,
231

Hart, Sir Robert,
228
,
610
–
11

Hartz, Louis,
765

Harvard, John,
800
,
806

Harvey, David,
77
,
248

Harvey, William,
711

Hassan I, Mulay, Sultan of Morocco,
243

hats,
237

Haussmann, George-Eugène, Baron,
245
,
292
,
316
–
19

Havana,
161
,
190
,
275

Havas, Charles-Louis,
38

Hawaii,
109
,
158
,
159
,
582
,
731
,
784
,
862

Haxthausen, August von,
22

Haydn, Joseph,
197
,
696
,
754
,
772

Hazlitt, William,
538

Hedin, Sven,
822

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich,
18
,
39
,
53
,
62
,
68
,
192
,
542
,
696
,
898
,
903

Heine, Heinrich,
139
,
542
,
903

Helmholtz, Hermann von,
651
,
652

Helvétius, Claude Adrien,
539

Hemming, John,
350

Herder, Johan Gottfried von,
101
,
789
,
823

Herodotus,
17

Herzen, Alexander,
137

Herzl, Theodor,
867

Hidala Yitaka,
312

Hideyoshi Toyotomi,
415
,
488
–
89

hierarchy

gender and employment,
695

imperialism and social,
463
–
64

missionaries and disruption of social,
892
–
93

racism and taxonomic classification,
858

social,
914
–
18
(
See also
bourgeoisie or middle class
)

vertical
vs.
horizontal,
262

“high imperialism,”
64
–
65

Hilferding, Rudolf,
431
,
668

Hillary, Edmund,
376

Himalayas,
81
,
243
,
356
,
376
,
553
,
580
,
718

Hinduism,
435
,
664
,
811
,
874
,
876
,
892
,
900

Hirohito, Shōwa Emperor of Japan,
592

Hiroshige,
812

Hiroshima,
471

historical memory,
3
–
4

“Historical School” of economics,
18
,
668
,
746
,
815

historicism,
17

history

as academic discipline,
46
,
815
–
16

cyclical and linear perceptions of,
67
–
69

and dating of events,
46
–
47

and periodization of time,
45
–
46

as transformative moments,
47
,
52
–
55

Hitler, Adolf,
369
,
848
,
868

Hittorff, Jakob Ignaz,
302

Hobbes, Thomas,
539

Hobsbawm, Eric J.,
48
,
405
,
489
,
542
–
43
,
xix
,
xviii

Hobson, John Atkinson,
621

Hobson, William,
500

Hoerder, Dirk,
147

Hokusai,
812

Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, Baron d',
539

Hölderlin, Friedrich,
696

Holy Alliance of 1815,
87
–
88

Holy Roman Empire,
403
,
411
,
429

Hong Kong,
33
,
138
,
186
–
87
,
189
,
254
,
261
,
276
,
279
–
80
,
286
,
293
–
94
,
300
,
566
,
595
,
714
,
729
,
768

Hong Reng'an,
550
,
554

Hong Xiuquan,
490
,
548
–
49
,
554
,
895

Hopkins, A. G.,
458

horses,
180
,
213
–
14
,
302
–
5
,
330
,
334
–
36
,
348
,
446
,
653
–
54
,
685
,
689
,
712

hospitals,
177
,
284
,
291
,
598
,
623
,
691

hotels,
235
,
267
,
271
,
314

Hugo, Victor,
844

Huizinga, Johan,
48

“human capital,”
648
,
908

humanism,
13
–
14
,
785
,
797
–
98

humanitarian aid,
201
,
208
,
225
,
491
,
500
,
505
–
6
,
510
,
741
,
841

Humboldt, Alexander von,
18
,
21
,
23
,
39
,
80
,
365
,
376
,
476
,
542
,
748
,
780
,
805
,
820
,
821
,
822
,
859

Humboldt, Wilhelm von,
39
,
80
,
630
,
804

Hume, David,
539