The Transformation of the World (270 page)

Ranjit Singh,
448

Ranke, Leopold von,
902

Rastatt,
497

rationalization

chronometrization and time,
71
–
74

civilizing missions and,
830

financial,
615

and ordering of space,
104

statistics and social,
29

of time,
75
–
76

of war,
484

Weber, Max, and,
746

Ratzel, Friedrich,
85
,
108

raw materials,
96
,
433
,
487
,
643
,
644
,
649
,
656
,
659
,
686
,
729
,
776
,
908

See also
natural resources

real estate,
107
,
218
,
220
,
246
–
47
,
290
,
304
,
318
,
339
,
464
,
498
,
619
,
770

urban,
220
,
246
–
47
,
297
–
98
,
770

realism,
17
–
21
,
43
,
62
,
93

rebellions,
141
,
413
,
521
,
525
,
799

as imperial concern,
424
–
25

natural disasters as context for,
200

slave,
132
–
33
,
528
–
32
,
705
,
791

See also
Great Rebellion (Indian Mutiny)

Reclus, Elisée,
85
,
87

The Red Cross,
491
,
505
–
6
,
510

Red Sea,
690

reference density,
911
–
14

photography and the closing of distance,
40

regional geography, naming and,
81
–
83

regions

network formation between,
96

as problematic concept,
101
–
2

Reid, Anthony,
19

religion

abolitionism and,
841
,
882

as academic discipline,
816
,
818
,
876
,
887

academic study of,
874

animism,
826
,
887

atheism,
877
–
78
,
901

calendars and periodization linked to,
50
–
51

charismatic movements and state building,
894
–
97

cities and,
268
,
315
,
901

civilizing missions and,
437
,
826
,
827
,
830
–
32
,
877
–
88

colonialism and imposition of,
516

communication networks and,
900
–
901

conversion to Christianity,
866

core/periphery relationships and,
78

as cultural export,
913

and cultural unity,
423
,
427
,
578

empires and religious pluralism,
423
,
435
,
468
,
608
,
887
–
94

ethnic cleansing and,
141
–
44

Eurocentrism and definition of,
874
–
76

forced conversions,
889

as global communities or organizations,
393

humanitarian efforts and,
841

as instrument of state control,
888
–
89

in Japan,
613
,
875
,
885
–
87

and legal authority,
881
–
82

media and circulation of,
901

migration motivated by,
142
–
43

Millenarianism,
75
,
164
,
553
,
896

modernity and,
877
,
897
–
98
,
901

nationalism and,
895

nation-states and,
268
,
423
,
427
,
874

persecution based on,
30
–
31
,
140
–
43
,
204
,
368
–
69
,
856
,
868
–
72
,
889
,
901
,
915

pilgrimage as proto-tourism,
164
–
65

pluralism,
875
–
76
,
887
–
89

political power and,
565
–
66

prophetic movements,
896

as public sphere,
597

and rebellion,
895

religious tolerance,
423
,
878
–
80

revolution and,
550
,
877
–
78
,
882

scientific worldview,
877
–
78
,
881
,
897
–
98

secularization and,
565
,
773
–
74
,
880
–
87

segregation and,
287

separation of church and state,
880
–
81
,
884
,
885

and slavery as institution,
838
–
40

state sponsored,
886

superstition and,
678
,
887

Weber, Max, and economic ethos of,
639
,
813
,
874

“world,”
639
,
813
,
874
,
876
–
77

See also
missionaries, religious
;
specific

representative government,
577
,
916

See also
democracy

resistance to colonialism or imperialism

and ambivalence toward Westernization,
912
–
13

frontiers and,
334
–
44
,
367
–
68
,
539
,
749

Hungarian nationalism and,
406
–
7
,
417
,
421
–
22
,
434
–
35
,
465
,
545
,
556
,
614

indigenous peoples and,
334
–
44
,
350
,
364
–
65
,
367
–
68
,
438
,
749
,
895
–
76

nationalism and,
406
,
467
–
68

organization and mobilization of,
66
,
503
–
4

political theories of,
539

and rejection of international standardization,
718

religion and,
895
–
96

in Vietnam,
281
,
406
,
425
,
440
,
771
,
909

violent suppression of,
126
–
27
,
334
–
37
,
340
,
461
–
62

See also
rebellions

resorts, bathing and leisure,
265
–
67

restaurants,
227
,
231
–
32

Réunion,
151
,
158
,
465
,
844

Reuter, Julius de,
38
,
503
–
4

revolutions,
281

as accelerated processes,
521
–
22

anticolonial resistance and,
521

Atlantic connection and,
522
–
43
,
537
–
43

civil wars as,
520

colonialism as revolutionary,
516

communication and circulation of ideas,
544
,
561

democratic reconstruction and,
537
–
38
,
916

elite reforms as,
518
–
19

external factors and,
522
–
23
,
559
–
60

as failed attempts,
517
–
18

foreign conquests as,
516

and formation of nation-states,
407
–
9

imperial decline and,
417
–
18

Japan's Meiji Renewal as,
518
–
19

and Marxist theory,
522
,
523

in midcentury Europe,
543
–
47

mobilization and,
517
–
18
,
524

Muslim militants and,
889

nationalism and,
404
–
5

nineteenth century as age of,
55
,
75
,
514
–
17
,
521
–
22

peasant revolts as,
66
,
520
–
21
,
525
–
26
,
558
,
568

philosophical concept of,
514
–
15

political exile and,
136
–
39
,
137
–
39

political legitimacy and,
139

political
vs.
industrial,
542
–
43

population disasters and,
124

religion and,
550
,
877
–
78
,
882
,
889

during
Sattelzeit,
59
–
61

slave rebellions or,
132
–
33
,
528
–
32
,
705

taxation and,
547

top-down,
518

See also
specific

Reza Kahn (Reza Shah),
149
,
570
,
849

Rhine River,
389

Rhodes, Cecil,
444
–
45
,
480
,
774

Rhodesia,
81
,
328
,
369
,
373
,
412
,
444
–
45
,
542
,
693
,
716

Ricalton, James,
42

Ricardo, David,
24

Richards, John F.,
329

Richter, Daniel K.,
91

Richthofen, Ferdinand von,
22

Riehl, Willhelm Heinrich,
823

rifles,
153
,
340
–
41
,
349
,
383
,
395
,
485

Riga,
250
,
561

Rio de Janeiro,
252
,
269

Ritter, Carl,
80
–
81
,
85
,
99

Roberts, John M.,
45

Roca, Julio A.,
348
,
577

Rockefeller, John D.,
220
,
223
,
653
,
807

Roma,
148

Roman Catholic Church,
87
,
203
,
242
–
43
,
268
,
295
,
435
,
450
,
520
,
791
,
898
,
901

civilizing missions and,
830
–
31

First Vatican Council,
901

French secularization and,
822
,
830
,
831
,
877
–
78
,
880

in Great Britain,
524

migration and spread of,
883

monastic population,
881

nationalism and,
411
,
524
–
25
,
884
–
85

political power of,
410
,
877
–
78
,
884

Romania,
49
,
90
,
143
,
144
,
248
,
409
,
705
,
868
,
870

Romanticism,
39
,
43
,
62
,
302
,
823

nationalism and,
823
,
859
–
60

Rome,
241
,
250
–
51
,
269
,
270
,
295
–
96
,
410
,
901

Röntgen, Wilhelm,
805

Roosevelt, Franklin D.,
5
,
369

Roosevelt, Theodore,
325
,
386
,
399
,
478
,
502
,
503

Rosas, Juan Manuel de,
139
,
354
,
576
,
579

Rostow, Walt W.,
640
,
641
–
42

Rothschild family,
220

Rotterdam,
282

Rouen,
282

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques,
532
,
538
,
593

Roy, Ram Mohan,
22
,
900