1858 (66 page)

662
. John Brown to F. B. Sanborn, August 5, 1858, Edward Renehan Jr.,
The Secret Six: The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown
(New York: Crown Publishers, 1995), 171–172.

663
. Henry Steele Commager,
Theodore Parker
(Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1936), 199; Jeffery Rossbach,
Ambivalent Conspirators: John Brown, the Secret Six and a Theory of Slave Violence
(Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982), 148–153.

664
. Truman Nelson,
The Old Man: John Brown at Harper’s Ferry
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973), 28.

665
. John Brown to Owen Brown, February 5, 1858, Brown to George Hearns, August 8, 1857, Stutler Collection.

666
. Subscription list, undated, Stutler Collection.

667
. F. B. Sanborn to George Stearns, Amos Lawrence, and other subscribers, August 25, 1857, Stutler Collection.

668
. John Kagi to John Brown Jr., October 10, 1859, Stutler Collection.

669
. The ads ran in dozens of newspapers and were quoted in many diaries, including Randolph Abbott Shotwell, in unpublished notes.

670
. Anonymous letter, undated, Stutler Collection.

671
. Peggy Russo and Paul Finkelman, eds.
Terrible Swift Sword: The Legacy of John Brown
(Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2005), 111.

672
. Richard Scheidenhelm,
The Response to John Brown
(Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1972), 57, 63; McPherson, 210–211.

673
. From paper written by James Emery in 1896, in the
Lawrence (Ks.) Daily Journal-World
, May 31, 1943.

674
. From unpublished notes of Randolph Abbott Shotwell, J. G. de R. Hamilton, ed.,
The Papers of Randolph Abbott Shotwell
(Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina Historical Commission, 1929), Stutler Collection.

675
. Jules Abels,
Man on Fire: John Brown and the Cause of Liberty
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1971), 212–213.

676
. John Brown to his wife, January 30, 1858, Sanborn,
Life and Letters of John Brown
, 440–441; John Brown to Thomas Higginson, February 2, 1858, Higginson Papers, Boston Public Library; Stephen Oates,
To Purge This Land of Blood: A Biography of John Brown
(New York: Harper and Row, 1970), 225.

677
.
Cleveland (Ohio) Leader
, August 10, no yearly date.

678
. John Brown,
Provisional Constitutional Ordinances for the People of the United States
(St. Catharine’s, Canada: William Day, printer, 1858), preamble.

679
. F. B. Sanborn letter, December 12, 1890, Stutler Collection.

680
.
Weston Independent
, 1920 issue.

681
. John Brown to Ellen Brown, October 11, 1858, Stutler Collection.

682
. John Brown to Ellen Brown, December 17, 1858, Sutler Collection.

683
. Oswald Villard,
John Brown, 1800–1859: A Biography Fifty Years After
(New York: Alfred Knopf, 1943), 364–365.

684
. John Brown to Owen Brown, May 21, 1858, Stutler Collection.

685
. Stephen Oates,
To Purge This Land of Blood: A Biography of John Brown
, 220.

686
. Richard Boyer,
The Legend of John Brown: A Biography and History
(New York: Alfred Knopf, 1973), 188, 122;
New York Tribune
, September 1, 1872; James Redpath,
The Public Life of Captain John Brown
(Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), 48; Octavius Frothingham,
Gerrit Smith: A Biography
(New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1879), 239; Fried, 157.

687
. Abels,
Man on Fire: John Brown and the Cause of Liberty
, 210.

688
. “John Brown’s Raids,”
St. Louis Globe-Democrat
, April 15, 1888.

689
. Villard, 369; Abels, 217.

690
. Villard, 369.

691
.
Harrisonville Democrat
, quoted in the
Kansas Herald
, January 8, 1859;
Wyandotte Western Argus
, January 15, 1859.

692
.
Missouri Democrat
, January 5, 1859.

693
. Winkley, 60, 79–80.

694
. Rev. S. L. Adair to James Hanway, February 2, 1878, Hanway Papers, Kansas Historical Society, in Villard, 372.

695
. David Atchison to Jefferson Davis, September 24, 1854, Stutler Collection.

696
. Villard, 370–379.

697
. Abels, 220.

698
. Newspaper account by Ambrose published February 28, 1878, in
The Commonwealth
(community unknown).

699
. Hutchinson letters, Kansas Historical Society Collection, in Villard, 373.

700
. Abels, 227.

701
. Boyer, 128; William Phillips, “Three Interviews With John Brown,”
Atlantic Monthly
28 (1879), 738–744.

702
. Kansas Historical Society collections.

703
. Villard, 377–378.

704
. Nelson, 42.

705
. Warren, 200.

706
. Wattles testimony to Congress, U.S. Senate Committee Reports, 1859–1860, 2:223.

707
. Abels, 226.

708
. Warren, 306; Abels, 224–225.

709
.
Missouri Democrat
, February 8, 1859.

710
. John Brown to Ellen Brown, February 10, 1859, Stutler Collection.

711
. Villard, 285.

712
. Warren, 308.

713
. John Brown to the editor of the
Summit Beacon
, December 20, 1855.

714
. George Gill to Richard Hinton, July 7, 1893.

715
. Kansas Historical Society.

716
. Brown diary notes, Kansas Historical Society collections.

717
. Villard, 387–393; Gill mss., Kansas Historical Society.

718
. Gill, in the Hinton Papers, Oates, 264. For other accounts of the raid and exodus, see Warren, 298–310; Benjamin Quarles,
Allies for Freedom: Blacks and John Brown
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), 54–59.

719
. James Mackay,
Allan Pinkerton: The First Private Eye
(New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1996), 82–85.

720
. Oates, 264–265.

721
. John Brown to a friend, April 1858, Stutler Collection.

722
. John Brown to a friend, October 3, 1857, Stutler Collection.

723
. Octavius Frothingham,
Gerrit Smith: A Biography
, 237–238, James Stewart,
Wendell Phillips: Liberty’s Hero
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986), 200–201, 158–159.

724
.
Boston Post
, December 1859, in Stewart, 201.

725
. Frederick Douglass address on John Brown, May 30, 1881, in Louis Ruchames, ed.,
A John Brown Reader
(New York: Abelard-Schuman Co., 1959), 318.

726
. John Brown to Rev. Luther Humphrey, November 19, 1859, Stutler Collection.

727
. John Brown to his children, November 22, 1859, Stutler Collection.

728
. John Brown speech at Harper’s Ferry sentencing, November 2, 1859, John Brown to Lora Case, December 2, 1859, Stutler Collection.

729
. John Brown to his wife, October 21, 1859, Stutler Collection.

730
. W. E. Doyle, “Fanaticism a Virtue,”
Confederate Veteran
, August 1924.

731
.
Wheeling (Virginia) Intelligencer
, October 19, 1859.

732
.
Harper’s Weekly
, December 17, 1859.

733
. Buchanan,
Mr. Buchanan’s Administration on the Eve of Rebellion
, 84–85.

734
. News clippings, Kansas State Historical Society, Petersen, 79.

735
. Buchanan,
On the Eve of the Rebellion
, 46.

736
. James Buchanan to William Reed, July 31, 1858, Moore,
Works
, 10:224–225.

737
. Quoted in Allan Nevins,
The Emergence of Lincoln
, 2 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1950), 1:432.

738
. Dr. William Paxton to Curtis, April 11, 1883, in Curtis,
The Life of James Buchanan: Fifteenth President of the United States
, 2:674; Annie Buchanan to a friend, in Curtis, 2:582.

739
. McPherson, 251.

740
. Curtis, 1:506.

741
. Flood,
Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War
, frontispiece.

742
. Roeliff Brinkerhoff,
Recollections of a Lifetime
(Cincinnati: Robert Clarke Company, 1900), 117.

743
. Richard Winsor’s account of the rescue, Ballantine, 255.

744
.
Chicago Press and Tribune
, October 29, 1858; Sandusky,
Ohio Commercial Register
, November 6, 1858; “Peoria Daily Message,” quoted in the
Quincy Daily Herald
, November 25, 1858.

745
.
Rochester (N.Y.) Democrat
, November 10, 1858;
Illinois State Journal
, November 12, 1858.

746
.
Concord Independent Democrat
, quoted in the
Illinois State Journal
, November 3, 1858;
New York Tribune
, November 9, 1858.

747
.
National Intelligencer
, May 23, 1860; Robert Meade,
Judah Benjamin: Confederate Statesman
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1943), 137.