: Ibid.
190
“I ought to be killed”
: Ibid., p. 455.
191
“The inhabitants were all out”
: Donna Hill,
Joseph Smith: The First Mormon
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1998); and Susan Easton Black, “The Tomb of Joseph,” in
The Disciple as Witness: Essays on Latter-day Saint History and Doctrine in Honor of Richard Lloyd Anderson
(Provo, UT: Maxwell Institute, 2000).
191
“The weeping was communicated”
: B. W. Richmond, “The Prophet’s Death,”
Deseret News
, November 27, 1875.
192
“she extended her trembling hand”
: Lavina F. Anderson,
Lucy’s Book
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2001), contextual note
Chapter 6
.
192
“How could they kill”
:
Deseret News,
November 27, 1875; Marvin Hill,
Quest for Refuge: The Mormon Flight from American Pluralism
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), p. 153.
192
“when I entered the room”
: Richard Lyman Bushman,
Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), p. 8.
192
“the people with one united voice”
: B. H. Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
2nd ed., rev., vol. 6 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), p. 626.
193
“shot in the right breast”
: Ibid., p. 627.
193
“She trembled at every step”
: Richmond, “The Prophet’s Death.”
194
“every business forgotten”
: Dan Jones, “The Martyrdom of Joseph Smith and His Brother Hyrum,”
BYU Studies
24 (Winter 1984).
194
“the neck and face forming”
: Richmond, “The Prophet’s Death.”
195
prayer of vengeance “upon the murderers”
: William Shepard, “The Concept of a ‘Rejected Gospel’ in Mormon History,” vol. 4, parts 1 and 2,
Journal of Mormon History
(2008), p. 140; Davis Bitton, “The Martyrdom of Joseph Smith in Early Mormon Writings,”
John Whitmer Historical Association Journal
3 (1983), p. 8.
196
Levi “told me to place”
: Shepard, “Concept of a ‘Rejected Gospel,’” p. 142.
196
“Their dead bodies”
: “Journal of Allen Stout, for the Period 1815–1848,” typescript in Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, Utah, available online at
http://www.boap.org/LDS/Early-Saints/AStout.html
.
196
“oath of vengeance”
: Samuel Morris Brown,
In Heaven As It Is on Earth
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 291.
198
“All the field officers”
: Thomas Ford,
Message of the Governor of the State of Illinois in Relation to the Disturbances in Hancock County
(Springfield, IL: Walters and Weber, December 21, 1844).
198
“I seemed paralyzed”
: Bitton, “Martyrdom,” p. 8.
199
“the papers were full of News”
: Heber Kimball,
On the Potter’s Wheel: The Diaries of Heber C. Kimball
, ed. Stanley B. Kimball (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1987), chap. 4, available online at
http://signaturebookslibrary.org/?p=1771
.
200
“Thus Ends Mormonism!”
:
New York Herald,
July 8, 1844.
200
Invoking the “noble blood”
: John Hay, “The Prophet’s Tragedy,”
Atlantic Monthly
(December 1869).
201
“If the public understood”
: George Rockwell, Letters, letter to “Parents,” August 3, 1844, Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, Utah, and Kansas State Historical Society.
201
“recent disgraceful affair at Carthage”
: Ford,
Message of the Governor
.
202
“He called at a grog shop”
: Rockwell, letter to “Parents.”
202
future Church . . . might swell
: Thomas Ford,
A History of Illinois, from Its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847
(Chicago: S. C. Griggs, 1845), p. 359.
203
Phelps . . . impassioned, incendiary speech
: Richard Van Wagoner and Steven C. Walker, “The Joseph Smith/Hyrum Smith Funeral Sermon,”
BYU Studies
23 (1) (1983).
205
“We will petition Sister Emma”
: “General Conference,”
Millennial Star,
October 8, 1845.
205
Emma arranged . . . midnight burial
: Linda King Newell and Valeen Tippetts Avery,
Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith
(Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994), pp. 197, 213; Black, “Tomb of Joseph.”
206
“The Utah cousins”
: Brown,
In Heaven,
p. 302.
12. T
RIAL BY
J
URY
208
“They would have murdered”
: John Taylor, “The John Taylor Nauvoo Journal, January 1845–September 1845,”
BYU Studies
23 (3) (1983), p. 45.
209
“one of the most able”
:
The Bench and Bar of Illinois: Historical and Reminiscent,
vol. 1, ed. John McAuley Palmer (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1899), p. 181.
210
Browning . . . “ablest speaker in the state”
: Most biographical details of the trial participants come from Dallin Oaks and Marvin Hill,
Carthage Conspiracy
(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1979), a near-definitive account of the trial. The Church History Library in Salt Lake City offers a digital copy of George Darling Watt’s famous shorthand record of the trial for a nominal fee (“Report of the Trial of the Murderers of Joseph Smith, 1845”).
211
“vomited at the feet”
: In Lavina F. Anderson,
Lucy’s Book
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2001), p. 728.
212
“a respectable set of men”
: Oaks and Hill,
Carthage Conspiracy,
p. 22.
212
“the finest looking man”
: Ibid., p. 76.
212
Muskets and sidearms
: Ibid., p. 113;
Daily Missouri Republican,
May 27, 1845.
212
wild anti-Mormon onlookers
: Thomas Ford,
A History of Illinois, from Its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847
(Chicago: S. C. Griggs, 1845), p. 368.
213
“The eyes of the whole country”
: All trial quotes come from Watt’s “Report of the Trial of the Murderers of Joseph Smith, 1845.”
214
Lamborn pressed Peyton
: Oaks and Hill,
Carthage Conspiracy,
p. 118.
216
“difficult to imagine anything cooler”
: John Hay, “The Prophet’s Tragedy,” Atlantic Monthly (December 1869).
217
Daniels said he had ridden
: William Daniels, “Correct Account of the Murder of Generals Joseph Smith and Hyrum Smith at Carthage, on the 27th Day of June, 1844.”
226
“As we anticipated”
: John G. Turner,
Brigham Young, Pioneer Prophet
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012), p. 122; and Hay, “The Prophet’s Tragedy.”
227
“wholly destitute of principle”
: Oaks and Hill,
Carthage Conspiracy,
p. 174.
227
“No one would be convicted”
: Ford,
A History of Illinois
, p. 369.
13. A
FTERMATH
233
“Secret things cost Joseph”
: George D. Smith, ed.,
An Intimate Chronicle: The Journals of William Clayton
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1995), p. 144.
234
“Lusty, hot tempered”
: Fawn Brodie,
No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith the Mormon Prophet
(New York: Vintage Books, 1995), p. 245.
234
“wickedness of his brother”
: Vicki Cleverley Speek, “
God Has Made Us a Kingdom”: James Strang and the Midwest Mormons
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2006), p. 43.
234
“He seemed determined”
: D. Michael Quinn,
The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1994), p. 152.
235
victim of a “bilious fever”
: Ibid., p. 153.
236
“I have thrown him off”
: B. H. Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
2nd ed., rev., vol. 6 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), p. 49.
236
Rigdon “leaped for joy”
: Andrew F. Ehat, “Joseph Smith’s Introduction of Temple Ordinances and the 1844 Mormon Succession Question,” master’s thesis in history, Brigham Young University, December 1982, p. 102.
237
Rigdon saw Joseph Smith in heaven
: Richard Van Wagoner, “The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young,”
Dialogue—A Journal of Mormon Thought
28 (4) (Spring 2001), p. 163.
237
there must be a guardian appointed
: Ibid.
238
The Nauvoo stalwarts scorned
: Leonard Arrington,
Brigham Young: American Moses
(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1986), p. 112.
238
“I expected I should find him”
: John G. Turner,
Brigham Young, Pioneer Prophet
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012), p. 33.
238
poor families making the grisly trek
: Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church
, vol. 3, p. 247.
239
Joseph assigned the delicate task
: Lyndon W. Cook,
William Law: Biographical Essay; Nauvoo Diary; Correspondence; Interview
(Orem, UT: Grandin Book, 1994), p. 19.
239
“never pretended to be Joseph Smith”
: Turner,
Brigham Young,
p. 114.
239
Brigham had his own revelation
: Van Wagoner, “Making of a Mormon Myth,” p. 165.
240
“He was dry as sticks”
: Lynne Watkins Jorgensen, “The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: A Collective Spiritual Witness,”
BYU Studies
36 (4) (1996–1997), p. 154.
240
Brigham Young’s dramatic entrance
: Richard Van Wagoner,
Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1994), p. 339.
240
“I will manage this voting”
: Jorgensen, “Mantle of the Prophet,” p. 165.
241
Orson Hyde’s dramatic testimony
: Van Wagoner, “Making of a Mormon Myth,” p. 168.
242
“I know your feelings”
: Ibid.
242
“Do you want a spokesman?”
: Van Wagoner,
Sidney Rigdon
, pp. 340–341.
243
Matthias had a screw loose
: Richard Lyman Bushman,
Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), p. 275.
243
boy named James Colin Brewster
: An excellent account of Brewster’s ministry can be found in Dan Vogel, “James Colin Brewster: The Boy Prophet Who Challenged Mormon Authority,” in
Differing Visions: Biographical Essays on Mormon Dissenters,
ed. Roger D. Launius and Linda Thatcher (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1994).
245
“behold my servant James J. Strang”
: Speek, “
God Has Made Us a Kingdom,”
p. 22.
245
Strang . . . excommunicated Brigham
: Ibid., p. 34; Milo M. Quaife,
The Kingdom of Saint James: A Narrative of the Mormons
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1930), p. 43.
245
“successor of Judas Iscariot”
:
Millennial Star,
vol. 8, p. 123.
246
Strang . . . raised the stakes
: Speek
,
“
God Has Made Us a Kingdom,”
p. 46.
247
“Bishop Reuben Miller reports”