American Scoundrel (54 page)

1.
Swanberg, p. 67.

2.
NYH
, July 12, 1859;
NYT
, July 13, 1859.

3.
Strong, Vol. 2, pp. 456–457;
NYH
, July 19, 1859;
Harper’s Weekly
, July 17, 1859.

4.
NYH
, July 20, 1859.

5.
Brandt, p. 197; Colonel George Hickory to Sickles, August 7, 1859, NYPL; Stephen Gooding to Sickles, July 21, 1859, NYPL.

6.
Brandt, pp. 198–199.

7.
Harper’s Weekly
, December 24, 1859.

8.
Mary Boykin Miller Chesnut,
A Diary from Dixie
, pp. 246–247.

9.
McPherson, pp. 209, 210, 216, 217, 220, 221; Daniel E. Sickles,
Remarks of the Hon. Daniel E. Sickles of New York on the Relations of the North and the South, and the Duty of the North in the Present Crisis
, pp. 8, 11, 13, 15, 16.

10.
McPherson, pp. 227–233.

11.
McPherson, p. 233; Daniel Edgar Sickles,
Speech of the Hon. Daniel E. Sickles of New York on the State of the Union
, pp. 9–16.

12.
McPherson, pp. 234, 235.

13.
Daniel E. Sickles,
The Republic Is Imperishable, Speech of the Honorable Dan E. Sickles of New York on the State of the Union, January 16, 1861
, pp. 2, 10, 12, 13, 16.

14.
Sickles,
The Republic Is Imperishable
, p. 12; McPherson, p. 266; undated typescript, “Address to ‘Gentlemen of the Institute,’” LC.

15.
Sickles,
A Speech Delivered to the House of Representatives, February 5, 1861, by Mr. Sickles of New York on Mr. Colfax’s Postal Service Suspension Act
, p. 8.

16.
Swanberg, p. 111, 112; McPherson, pp. 274, 275; Hill, pp. 103, 281–282.

17.
McKay, p. 77; Teresa to Sickles, April 21, 1861, NYHS.

18.
McPherson, p. 260; Keneally, pp. 327, 328, 346.

19.
Swanberg, pp. 115, 116; Régis de Trobriand,
Four Years with the Army of the Potomac
, p. 427.

20.
Swanberg, pp. 115–117; Henri le Fevre Brown,
History of the Third Regiment
,
Excelsior Brigade, 72nd New York Volunteer Infantry, 1861–1865
, pp. 9, 10; List of Excelsior Brigade Prisoners Paroled and Given Transport Home, 1862, NYPL; Keneally, p. 329.

21.
Swanberg, pp. 117, 118; Baker, pp. 228, 239; J. G. Holland,
Life of Abraham Lincoln
, pp. 90, 123; McPherson, pp. 321–323.

22.
Swanberg, pp. 119, 120.

23.
“The Old Excelsior Brigade,” undated typescript, LC;
Harper’s Weekly
, April 9, 1859.

24.
Teresa Sickles to Florence, July 9, 1861, NYPL; Baker, pp. 218, 231–234; William O. Stoddard,
Inside the White House in War Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln’s Secretary
, pp. xiv, xv; Henry Wikoff,
My Courtship and Its Consequences
, pp. 29, 73, 194–198, 311–315; Henry Wikoff,
The Adventures of a Roving Diplomatist
, passim.

25.
Swanberg, pp. 122–124; John Woodward to Sickles, May 1, 1862, NYPL; Henry Steele Commager,
The Blue and the Gray
, Vol. 1, pp. 116–117.

26.
New York World
, June 30, 1869.

27.
Swanberg, pp. 126;
New York Tribune
, July 22, 1861; Sickles’s list of signals, NYPL.

28.
Logan, pp. 63–64; Noah Brooks,
Washington in Lincoln’s Time
, pp. 13, 16.

29.
Baker, pp. 119, 191; Stoddard, p. 33; Swanberg, p. 29.

30.
Swanberg, p. 128; Walter Herbert,
Fighting Joe Hooker
, p. 54; Laura Sickles to Sickles, October 27, 1861, NYPL; Susan Sickles to Dan, November 5, 1861, NYPL.

31.
Herbert, p. 54; Brown, p. 30.

32.
Swanberg, p. 134.

33.
Sickles to Wikoff, January 30, 1862, LC; Herbert, pp. 62, 63.

34.
Ross, pp. 71, 76, 77, 118, 121; Poore, p. 111.

35.
Poore, pp. 142, 143; Baker p. 191; Ruth Painter Randall,
Mary Lincoln: Biography of a Marriage
, p. 255.

36.
“Report of a Reconnoiter, Headquarters Excelsior Brigade,” February 28, 1862, NYPL; copy of Hooker’s letter, April 1, 1862, NYHS; “Looking for Beauregard,” undated typescript, LC.

37.
Keneally, pp. 377, 378; Baker, pp. 206–212.

38.
Herbert, pp. 66–68; Hooker to Sickles, April 6, 1862, LC; Swanberg, p. 140; Stephen W. Sears,
To the Gates of Richmond
, pp. 18–20; George Sickles to Sickles, April 14, 1862, NYPL.

39.
Brown, pp. 29, 41; Swanberg, pp. 146, 147.

40.
Sears, pp. 117, 135–138; Herbert, p. 97.

41.
Brown, p. 40; United States, War Department,
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
, Series 1, Vol. 11, Pt. 3, p. 190; Herbert, pp. 101–103.

42.
Sears, pp. 149, 150; Brown, pp. 51, 52; Keneally, pp. 352–354; United States,
War of the Rebellion
, Series 1, Vol. 11, Pt. 1, p. 830.

43.
Henry Liebeman to Sickles, May 21, 1862, NYPL; Teresa Sickles to Liebeman, May 19, 1862, LC; Swanberg, pp. 151, 157; father of Lieutenant Hossey to Sickles, June 4, 1862, NYPL; J. Gaylor to Sickles, May 19, 1861, NYPL; Swanberg, p. 151; Herbert, pp. 101, 102.

44.
Olive Devoe to Sickles, April 22, 1862, NYPL.

45.
Herbert, pp. 101–103, 110; Swanberg, p. 151; Sears, pp. 187–189.

46.
Herbert, pp. 110, 111; Brown, pp. 52, 54.

47.
Herbert, pp. 111, 175; Sears, p. 345; Swanberg, pp. 153, 154, 156.

1.
Herbert, pp. 114, 115; McKay, p. 176;
New York Tribune
, August 7, 1862.

2.
Swanberg, pp. 159, 160; Keneally, pp. 365, 366; McKay, pp. 198, 199; Iver Bernstein,
The New York Draft Riots
, pp. 18–22;
New York Tribune
, August 16, 1862.

3.
Keneally, p. 374; Herbert, pp. 114, 115, 152.

4.
Baker, pp. 231, 232.

5.
Ruth Randall, p. 219.

6.
Nettie Colburn Maynard,
Was Abraham Lincoln a Spiritualist? Curious Revelations from the Life of a Trance Medium
, pp. 71–74, 128–132; Ruth Randall, pp. 293, 294; Baker, pp. 219–221.

7.
McPherson, p. 562; Brown, pp. 78–80.

8.
Brown, p. 80; McPherson, pp. 571–574; Keneally, pp. 374–375.

9.
Gabor S. Borritt, ed.,
Lincoln’s Generals
, p. 70.

10.
Princess Felix Salm-Salm,
Ten Years of My Life
, pp. 26–27, 29, 40, 41; unsigned letter, a woman to Sickles, October 3, 1864, LC; de Trobriand, pp. 398, 426, 427.

11.
Keneally, p. 380; Herbert, p. 175; letters of George Sickles to Sickles, late January 1863 onward, NYPL; Swanberg, p. 170.

12.
Swanberg, pp. 169, 173, 174; United States,
Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War
, Vol. 1, Sickles evidence, pp. 3–15.

13.
Salm-Salm, pp. 43, 44; Brooks, pp. 54–70; Julia Lorrilard Saffort Butterfield,
A Biographical Memorial of General Daniel Butterfield
, p. 160.

14.
Butterfield, pp. 161–162.

15.
Theodore Ayrault Dodge,
The Campaign of Chancellorsville
, pp. 32, 33; Herbert, pp. 175, 176.

16.
United States,
War of the Rebellion
, Series 1, Vol. 25, Pt. 1, p. 387; Herbert, pp. 194–195; Dodge, pp. 134–136; Swanberg, p. 180; Gary R. Rice, “Devil Dan Sickles’ Deadly Salients,”
www.thehistorynet.com
; Sickles chat site on
www.suite101.com
.

17.
Dodge, pp. 137, 143, 145; Swanberg, p. 189.

18.
United States,
War of the Rebellion
, Series 1, Vol. 25, Pt. 1, p. 392; Dodge, p. 227; Herbert, pp. 212–216, 218; de Trobriand, p. 427.

19.
Dodge, p. 17; George Stanton Sickles to Sickles, June 5, 1901, LC; Colonel Whipple to Sickles, August 3, 1853, NYPL; George Sickles to Sickles, November 22, 1883, LC;
NYH
, May 9 and May 26, 1863.

20.
Keneally, pp. 394–395.

21.
George Stanton Sickles to Sickles, June 5, 1901, LC; Laura Sickles to George Sickles, March 14, 1883, LC; George Sickles to Sickles, November 22, 1883, LC; Jack D. Walsh,
Medical Histories of Union Generals
, pp. 302, 303;
NYT
, May 31 and June 17, 1863.

22.
Herbert, p. 336; United States,
War of the Rebellion
, Series 1, Vol. 27, Pt. 3, pp. 399, 420; Henry Edwin Tremain,
Two Days of War: A Gettysburg Narrative and Other Excursions
, p. 14; Daniel Edgar Sickles, “Further Recollections of Gettysburg,”
North American Review
, No. 151 (March 1891), pp. 250–262; Borritt, p. 72.

23.
Brown, p. 104; Sickles, “Further Recollections,” pp. 262, 263; Gary W. Gallagher, ed.,
The Second Day at Gettysburg
, pp. 314–317; Commager, Vol. 1, pp. 314–316.

24.
Sickles, “Further Recollections,” p. 263; United States,
Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War
, Butterfield evidence, Vol. 1, p. 427; Swanberg, p. 209.

25.
Sickles, “Further Recollections,” p. 264; Herbert, p. 211; de Trobriand, p. 494; Swanberg, p. 210.

26.
Gallagher, pp. 69–70; Swanberg, p. 211; Sickles, “Further Recollections,” p. 265; Tremain, pp. 37, 41, 53.

27.
Thomas Dormandy,
The White Death: A History of Tuberculosis
, pp. 2, 8–9, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 150, 151; Bayor and Meagher, p. 157.

28.
Borritt, pp. 70, 71; de Trobriand, p. 494; Glenn Tucker,
High Tide at Gettysburg
, p. 272; Tremain, pp. 60–61; Sickles, “Further Recollections,” pp. 266, 267.

29.
Sickles, “Further Recollections,” pp. 267, 268; Tremain, pp. 88–89; Brown, p. 105.

30.
Walsh, pp. 302–303; Tremain, pp. 88, 89, 94.

31.
Swanberg, pp. 221, 222, 223; David S. Reynolds,
Walt Whitman’s America
, p. 411;
NYT
, July 6, 1863.

32.
United States,
War of the Rebellion
, Series 1, Vol. 27, Pt. 1, pp. 82, 16.

33.
Tremain, pp. 100, 101, 105; Swanberg, p. 223; Roy P. Basler,
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
, Vol. 6, p. 53;
NYH
, July 19, 1863.

34.
NYH
, July 24 and July 29, 1859.

1.
NYT
, August 1, 1863; Swanberg, p. 227.

2.
Swanberg, p. 226;
NYT
, August 12 and September 9, 1863.

3.
NYT
, September 9, 1863; Strong, Vol. 3, p. 351;
New York Tribune
, October 19, 1863.

4.
De Trobriand, p. 530; Swanberg, pp. 233, 235; United States,
Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War
, Vol. 1, p. 304.

5.
Swanberg, p. 234, 236; O. W. Davis to Sickles, August 21, 1863, NYPL; de Trobriand, p. 546.

6.
NYT
, November 1, 1863.

7.
Baker, pp. 223, 224; Ruth Randall, pp. 334–335; Katherine Helm,
The True Story of Mary, Wife of Lincoln
, pp. 22, 226–228, 231, 334, 335.

8.
Swanberg, pp. 244, 245; Ruth Randall, p. 338; Basler, Vol. 7, p. 160.

9.
United States,
Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War
, Vol. 1, pp. 3–5, 296, 300, 302; Richard Allen Sauers,
A Caspian Sea of Ink: The Meade-Sickles Controversy
, pp. 41–43.

10.
United States,
Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War
, Vol. 1, pp. xix, 311, 312, 337, 349; Swanberg, p. 253;
NYH
, March 12, 1864; United States,
War of the Rebellion
, Series 1, Vol. 27, Pt. 1, pp. 137, 139; Sauers, pp. 41–46.

11.
Swanberg, p. 259; Adam Badeau,
Grant in Peace: From Appomattox to Mount McGregor
, p. 382; Clarence E. N. Macartney,
Grant and His Generals
, p. 99.

12.
Swanberg, pp. 261, 262; Dormandy, pp. 44, 46, 92, 102.

13.
Sickles to President Lincoln, May 16, 1864, LC.

14.
Swanberg, p. 262;
NYH
, November 2, 1864.

15.
Swanberg, pp. 268, 269; Keneally, pp. 318, 319, 321; Stephen J. Randall,
Colombia and the United States: Hegemony and Interdependence
, p. 48; George Sickles to Sickles, April 24, 1865, NYPL; William Hobart Royce to Edgcumb Pinchon,
December 6, 1941, William Hobart Royce Papers, NYPL; Badeau, p. 238; Wikoff to Sickles, January 22, 1865, NYPL; George Sickles to Sickles, April 24, 1865, NYPL.

16.
Stephen Randall, pp. 38, 49, 50; David W. Bushnell,
The Making of Modern Colombia
, pp. 106, 107, 120; Harvey F. Kline,
Colombia: Portrait of Unity and Diversity
, p. 13; F. Lorraine Petre,
The Republic of Colombia
, pp. 83–85, 123; William Lindsay Scruggs,
The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics
, p. 49.

17.
Swanberg, pp. 271, 273; Baker, p. 243; Badeau, p. 238; Robert Selph Henry,
The Story of Reconstruction
, pp. 248, 259; Edward L. Gambill,
Conservative Ordeal: Northern Democrats and Reconstruction, 1865–1869
, p. 98.

18.
Dormandy, pp. 47, 48, 49, 102, 103, 106;
NYH
, February 10, 1867.

19.
Swanberg, p. 275; Anon., “Three Months Among the Reconstructionists,”
Atlantic Monthly
, February 1866, pp. 237–245; “A Planter’s Grievance,” Sickles Papers, LC; Sickles to Assistant Adjutant General, June 18, 1867, LC.

20.
Francis Butler Simkins and Robert Hilliard Woody,
South Carolina During Reconstruction
, pp. 57–59, 65–68; “Three Months Among the Reconstructionists,” pp. 237–245.

21.
Swanberg, p. 284; Simkins and Woody, pp. 57–59, 69; “Three Months Among the Reconstructionists,” pp. 237–245; Allie Grant to Sickles, September 22, 1865, NYPL.

22.
Swanberg, pp. 281, 282; Badeau, p. 385; Simkins and Woody, p. 64; Dormandy, pp. 83, 84, 93, 94; Allie Grant to Sickles, October 2, 1866, NYPL; Jane Pettigru to Sickles, March 21, 1867, NYPL.

23.
Simkins and Woody, pp. 56–60, 65, 66.

24.
NYH
, February 10, 1867; James T. Brady,
A Christmas Dream
, p. 32; Dormandy, pp. 92, 93.

25.
NYH
, February 10, 1867.

1.
Dr. Bermingham, Vicar-General of Charleston, to Sickles, March 5, 1869, NYHS; Sr. Xavier to Sickles, March 11, 1869, NYHS.

2.
Simkins and Woody, pp. 68, 69; Badeau, pp. 383, 384; Seaver to Sickles, April 28, 1867, NYHS.

3.
Swanberg, pp. 287, 288; Simkins and Woody, p. 68; James Orr to Sickles, September 7, 1867, NYHS; Seaver to Sickles, April 28, 1867, NYHS; Grant to
Sickles, August 13, 1867, LC; Sickles to Adjutant General of the Army, copied by Sickles to President Johnson, June 19, 1867, LC.

4.
NYT
, June 21, September 4, September 8, and September 24, 1867; Sickles to Adjutant General, September 11, 1867, LC; Swanberg, pp. 294–297; Badeau, pp. 383–386; Macartney, p. 99.

5.
Swanberg, pp. 302–308, 314–318, 320, 321;
New York World
, June 25 and June 30, 1869; Badeau, p. 387;
NYP
, July 2, 1869; Sickles to State Department, August 9, 1869, LC; Sickles to Wikoff, January 3, 1871, NYPL; Sickles to Pleasanton, January 21, 1871, NYPL.

6.
Susan Sickles to Sickles, February 1872, LC;
NYH
, December 19, 1871; Swanberg, p. 344.

7.
Swanberg, pp. 335–338;
NYT
, March 12, 1872;
NYH
, March 12, 1872; Strong, Vol. 4, p. 422.

8.
Swanberg, pp. 348, 349;
NYT
, December 23, 1873.

9.
Swanberg, pp. 351–355; William Hobart Royce to Edgcumb Pinchon, December 6, 1941 and July 26, 1942, William Hobart Royce Papers, New York Public Library; George Stanton Sickles to Sickles, June 5, 1901, LC.

10.
Swanberg, pp. 355–357; Badeau, p. 387; William P. Shreve,
The Story of the Third Army Corps Union
, pp. 38, 49;
New York World
, May 4, 1914; George Stanton Sickles to Sickles, June 5, 1901, LC.

11.
Swanberg, pp. 359–360.

12.
William Sickles to Sickles, December 22, 1881, LC; William Hobart Royce to Edgcumb Pinchon, December 18, 1941, William Hobart Royce Papers, New York Public Library; Fiske, p. 287.

13.
De Trobriand, p. 494; Swanberg, p. 363, 364; Tremain, p. 68; Major General John Watts De Peyster, “The Third Corps and Sickles at Gettysburg,”
Volunteer
, Vol. 1, No. 11, p. 308, No. 13, p. 358; Sauers, pp. 59, 60, 82.

14.
George Sickles to Sickles, November 22, 1883, LC; Sickles to George Sickles, November 25, 1883, LC; Laura Sickles to George Sickles, March 14, 1883, LC; William Hobart Royce to Edgcumb Pinchon, December 6, 1941, William Hobart Royce Papers, New York Public Library;

15.
Theodore B. Starr to Sickles, June 19, 1882, LC; William Hobart Royce to Edgcumb Pinchon, December 6, 1941, William Hobart Royce Papers, New York Public Library;

16.
NYT
, November 7, 1892;
www.arlingtoncemetery.com
.

17.
Undated press clipping, c. 1900, quoting Champ Clark, NYHS;
NYH
, November 7, 1894.

18.
Sickles to King, undated letter, LC; Swanberg, pp. 368–370; Shreve, p. 71; George Stanton Sickles to Sickles, June 17, 1881, and March 20, 1882, LC.

19.
Helen Dortch Longstreet,
Lee and Longstreet at High Tide: Gettysburg in the Light of the Official Records
, pp. 19–20.

20.
Longstreet, pp. 20, 21, 22; James Longstreet to Sickles, September 19, 1902, LC;
NYT
, January 29, 1913.

21.
William Hobart Royce to Edgcumb Pinchon, October 22, 1941, William Hobart Royce Papers, New York Public Library;
NYT
, January 28, 1913.

22.
Justin Kaplin,
Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain
, p. 83; William Hobart Royce to Edgcumb Pinchon, December 6, 1941, William Hobart Royce Papers, New York Public Library; Swanberg, pp. 378, 379.

23.
George Stanton Sickles to Sickles, undated note, LC;
NYT
, May 4, 1914; William Hobart Royce to Edgcumb Pinchon, October 22, 1941, William Hobart Royce Papers, New York Public Library; Private Calendar No. 174, House of Representatives, 61st Congress, 2nd Session.

24.
Receipt, Eleanor Wilmerding to Sickles, August 12, 1907, LC; Fred Sterry/Plaza Hotel to Sickles, June 28, 1910, LC; Knickerbocker Trust Company to Sickles, January 12, 1911, LC; Lenott Parlaghy to Sickles, February 11, 1911, LC; Sickles to August Hecksher, June 29, 1912, LC; Annie Conover to Sickles, undated, NYPL; William Hobart Royce to Edgcumb Pinchon, December 18, 1941, William Hobart Royce Papers, New York Public Library.

25.
NYT
, January 26, 1913.

26.
NYT
, January 29, 1913.

27.
Thomas Carmody to Daniel F. Hays, April 25, 1913, Sickles Papers, LC;
NYT
, January 27, January 28, January 29, and January 30, 1913; J. D. McHenry to Sickles, February 14, 1913, LC.

28.
NYH
, July 1, 1913; Swanberg, pp. 388–390.

29.
NYT
, May 4 and May 5, 1914;
www.arlingtoncemetery.com
.

1.
NYT
, May 5, 1914;
www.arlingtoncemetery.com
.