America's Secret Jihad: The Hidden History of Religious Terrorism in the United States (59 page)

18
.
    
John C. Henegan, “Medgar W. Evers—‘Turn Me Loose,'” Capital Area Bar Association, May 2013,
http://www.caba.ms/articles/features/medgar-evers-turn-me-loose.html
.

19
.
    
Wesley Swift, “Strategy of the False Prophet (6-23-63),” Wesley Swift Library, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://swift.christogenea.org/content/strategy-false-prophet-6-23-63
.

CHAPTER
4

  
1
.
    
Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Airtel from SAC Miami to FBI Director re: BAPBOB, Sidney Crockette Barnes a.k.a. Racial Matters,” FBI, March 12, 1964.
http://mlkkpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/documentsentry/doc_eulogy_for_the_martyred_children

  
2
.
    
United Press International, “Bomb Hurled into Church from Auto,”
St. Petersburg Times,
September 16, 1963,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19630916&id=xp5PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NFIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5701,2906766&hl=en
.

  
3
.
    
Ibid.

  
4
.
    
Martin Luther King Jr., “Eulogy for the Martyred Children,” Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/kingpapers/article/eulogy_for_the_martyred_children/
.

  
5
.
    
Mike Clary, “Birmingham's Painful Past Reopened,”
Los Angeles Times,
April 14, 2001,
http://articles.latimes.com/2001/apr/14/news/mn-50901
.

  
6
.
    
Diane McWhorter,
Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, the Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 114–15.

  
7
.
    
McWhorter,
Carry Me Home
; Petric J. Smith,
Long Time Coming: An Insider's Story into the Birmingham Church Bombing That Rocked the World
(Birmingham, AL: Crane Hill, 1994); T.K. Thorne,
Last Chance for Justice: How Relentless Investigators Uncovered New Evidence Convicting the Birmingham Church Bombers
(Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2013). All of these books were valuable in reconstructing basic events.

  
8
.
    
His name is being withheld because he is still alive.

  
9
.
    
Pamela Colloff, “The Sins of the Father,”
Texas Monthly,
April 2000.

10
.
    
David Mark Chalmers,
Backfire: How the Ku Klux Klan Helped the Civil Rights Movement
(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), 19.

11
.
    
Susan Willoughby Anderson, “The Past on Trial: The Sixteenth Street
Church Bombing and Civil Rights History,” American Bar Foundation, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/uploads/cms/documents/anderson_abf_talk_nov_2010.pdf
; see foot note on page 17.

12
.
    
Gary May,
The Informant: The FBI, The Ku Klux Klan, and the Murder of Viola Liuzzo
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008), 102.

13
.
    
McWhorter,
Carry Me Home,
540.

14
.
    
Gary May, “Forty Years for Justice: Did the FBI Cover for the Birmingham Bombers?”
Newsweek/Daily Beast,
September 15, 2013,
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/15/40-years-for-justice-did-the-fbi-cover-for-the-birmingham-bombers.html
.

15
.
    
Birmingham Police Department, “Interview with Phillip Maybry,” File 1125.3.3, Alabama Police Department Surveillance Files 1947–1980, Birmingham Public Library Archives. This document appears to be an FBI file saved by the Birmingham Police Department, but the cover page that might provide FBI information is missing.

16
.
    
Dan Carter,
The Politics of Rage: George Wallace and the Origins of the New Conservativism
(Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2000); see endnote 25 on page 490.

17
.
    
Thorne,
Last Chance,
unpaginated.

18
.
    
Bob Eddy, interview with the author, September 6, 2013.

19
.
    
Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Memorandum for the Attorney General,” FBI, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://vault.fbi.gov/16th%20Street%20Church%20Bombing%20/16th%20Street%20Church%20Bombing%20Part%2047%20of%2050/view
.

20
.
    
Ibid.

21
.
    
Bill Fleming, interview with the author, September 9, 2013.

22
.
    
William Baxley, interview with the author, August 21, 2013.

23
.
    
Stephen E. Atkins,
The Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism in Modern American History
(Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011), 42.

24
.
    
Ibid.

25
.
    
Carter,
Politics of Rage,
189.

26
.
    
Swift, “Armageddon.”

27
.
    
Ed King, interview with the author, September 25, 2014.

28
.
    
Ibid.

CHAPTER
5

  
1
.
    
Douglas O. Linder, “The Mississippi Burning Trial (U.S. v. Price, et al.),” Famous Trials, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price&bowers/Account.html
. The preceding account draws heavily from Professor Linder's excellent Web source. Subsequent endnotes reference subdivisions within Linder's website.

  
2
.
    
Ibid.

  
3
.
    
Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Confession of Horace Doyle
Barnette,” FBI, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price&bowers/barnetteconfession.html
.

  
4
.
    
Ibid.

  
5
.
    
Robert Cohen,
Freedom's Orator: Mario Savio and the Radical Legacy of the 1960s
(London: Oxford University Press, 2009), 52.

  
6
.
    
Sims,
Klan,
241.

  
7
.
    
Charles Marsh,
God's Long Hot Summer: Stories of Faith and Civil Rights
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), 63.

  
8
.
    
Ibid., 60.

  
9
.
    
Ibid., 54.

10
.
    
William H. McIlhany,
Klandestine: The Untold Story of Delmar Dennis and His Role in the FBI's War against the Ku Klux Klan
(New York: Arlington House, 1975), 38–47.

11
.
    
Douglas O. Linder, “Sam Bowers,” Famous Trials, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price&bowers/Bowers.htm
.

12
.
    
“The Klan Ledger,” Candy Brown Papers, Wisconsin Historical Society: Freedom Summer Digital Collection, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://cdm15932.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15932coll2/id/34854
.

13
.
    
Ibid.

14
.
    
Marsh,
God's Long Hot Summer,
64–66.

15
.
    
Rebecca N. Ferguson,
The Handy History Answer Book
(Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press, 2005), 201.

16
.
    
Federal Bureau of Investigation, “FROM: SAC Jackson to Director; Reference Bureau airtel set out instances of threats from the main file on King,” Mary Ferrell Foundation, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/viewer/showDoc.do?docId=145174&relPageId=33
. The document has Bowers warning two men who approached him with an offer to kill King to be cautious. On the other hand, he appears to have assigned two other men to kill King with “high powered rifles” that same summer (1964). That fact becomes interesting in our discussion of the alpha plot.

CHAPTER
6

  
1
.
    
Malcolm X, “To Mississippi Youth,”
Malcolm X Speaks: Selected Speeches and Statements
(New York: Grove Press, 1965), 139.

  
2
.
    
Ibid., 143.

  
3
.
    
Ibid., 145.

  
4
.
    
Rufus Burrow Jr.,
A Child Shall Lead Them: Martin Luther King Jr., Young People, and the Movement
(Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 2014), 195–96.

  
5
.
    
Akinyele Omowale Umoja,
We Will Shoot Back: Armed Resistance in the Mississippi Freedom Movement
(New York: NYU Press, 2013), 120.

  
6
.
    
Associated Press, “Harlem Rioting Leaves One Dead,”
Tuscaloosa News
, July 20, 1964,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19640720&id=FxAdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-poEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5339,2725361&hl=en
.

  
7
.
    
United Press International, “Curfew Extended for Third Day in Riot-Torn Rochester,” Bulletin, July 27, 1964,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1243&dat=19640727&id=J_hYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TvcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4880,4815124&hl=en
.

  
8
.
    
Ellesia Ann Blaque, “Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) Riot of 1964,” in
The Encyclopedia of American Race Riots,
vol. 2, eds. Walter C. Rucker and James N. Upton (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), 507.

  
9
.
    
William J. Collins and Robert A. Margo, “The Economic Aftermath of the 1960s Riots in American Cities: Evidence from Property Values,” National Bureau of Economic Research 10493 (May 2004): 22, Table 1.

10
.
    
Eric Avila, “Social Flashpoints,” in
A Companion to Los Angeles,
eds. William Deverell and Greg Hise (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010), 96.

11
.
    
Martin Luther King Jr., “MLK Speaks to the People of Watts,” King Center, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/document/mlk-speaks-people-watts
.

12
.
    
Ibid. The speaker who responds to King is not identified.

13
.
    
Jim Vertuno, “LBJ Library Releases Tapes Showing King Feared Race War,”
Times Daily,
April 13, 2002,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=20020413&id=E2weAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VskEAAAAIBA
AwfulGraceo/God
J&pg=2671,1610048&hl=en
.

14
.
    
Wexler and Hancock, 73–74.

15
.
    
Ibid.

16
.
    
Ibid.

17
.
    
Collins and Margo,
Economic Aftermath.

18
.
    
Donald Jason, “Guards Bayonet Hecklers in Cicero's Rights March,”
New York Times,
September 5, 1966, 1.

19
.
    
Stokely Carmichael, “Black Power,”
American Rhetoric,
accessed April 16, 2015,
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/stokely/carmichaelblackpower.html
.

20
.
    
James T. Patterson,
Grand Expectations: The United States: 1945–1974
(London: Oxford University Press, 1996), 658.

21
.
    
United Press International, “Baltimore Ripped by Violence,”
Bulletin,
July 29, 1966,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1243&dat=19660729&id=-_5XAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JPcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6427,457917&hl=en
.

22
.
    
Wesley Swift, “The Coming Liberation of America (1-30-66),” Wesley Swift Library, accessed April 16, 2015,
http://swift.christogenea.org/content/coming-liberation-america-1-30-66
.