Another Day in the Death of America: A Chronicle of Ten Short Lives (47 page)

6
. Peter Nickeas, “Fourth Sibling from Same Chicago Family Killed by Gun Violence,”
Chicago Tribune,
January 27, 2013,
http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-01-27/news/ct-met-ronnie-chambers-dead-20130127_1_gun-violence-gunshot-victims-cabrini-green
.

7
. Monica Davey, “In a Soaring Homicide Rate, a Divide in Chicago,”
New York Times,
January 3, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/03/us/a-soaring-homicide-rate-a-divide-in-chicago.html?_r=0
.

8
. Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton,
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), 9.

9
. Sean Stillmaker, “Chicago Still the Most Segregated U.S. City,”
Chicagoist,
October 31, 2010,
http://chicagoist.com/2010/10/31/chicago_still_the_most_segregated_c.php
.

10
. Lolly Bowean and Jeremy Gorner, “Spike in Violence Takes Its Toll on Residents in Chicago’s Troubled Neighborhoods,”
Chicago Tribune,
July 1, 2012,
http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012–07–01/news/ct-met-chicago-violence-0701-20120701_1_homicides-last-year-neighborhoods-shootings
.

11
. Isabel Wilkerson,
The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America’s Great Migration
(New York: Vintage, 2010), 395.

12
. Ibid., 396.

13
. Barack Obama,
Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance
(New York: Three Rivers Press, 2004), 249.

14
. “Mapping America: Every City, Every Block,” tract 4603,
New York Times,
http://projects.nytimes.com/census/2010/explorer
.

15
. Ibid.

16
. Ibid.

17
. Obama,
Dreams from My Father,
157.

18
. Erica Demarest, “Slain South Chicago Teen Wanted to ‘Get His Life Straightened Out’: Family,”
DNAinfo,
November 24, 2013,
https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20131124/south-chicago/slain-south-chicago-teen-wanted-get-his-life-straightened-out-family
.

19
. Ibid.

20
. “National Youth Gang Survey Analysis,” National Gang Center,
https://www.nationalgangcenter.gov/Survey-Analysis/Measuring-the-Extent-of-Gang-Problems#estimatednumbergangs
(accessed March 5, 2016).

21
. Ibid.

22
. H. R. Hutson et al., “The Epidemic of Gang-Related Homicides in Los Angeles County from 1979 Through 1994,”
The Journal of the American Medical Association
274, no. 13 (1995): 1031–1036.

23
. Malcolm W. Klein,
The American Street Gang: Its Nature, Prevalence, and Control
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 81.

24
. Deborah Prothrow-Stith with Michaele Weissman,
Deadly Consequences: How Violence Is Destroying Our Teenage Population and a Plan to Begin Solving the Problem
(New York: HarperPerennial, 1993), 106.

25
. James Baldwin,
The Evidence of Things Not Seen
(New York: Owl Books, 1995), 8.

26
. Michael Lansu, “Deandre Ellis Shot Dead at West Englewood Barbershop,” Homicide Watch Chicago: A
Chicago Sun-Times
Publication, September 27, 2014,
http://homicides.suntimes.com/2014/09/27/deandre-ellis-shot-dead-at-west-englewood-barbershop/
.

27
. Prothrow-Stith and Weissman,
Deadly Consequences,
24.

28
. Scott Olsen, “One Dead, Seven Shot During Violent Weekend in Chicago,” Getty Images, November 25, 2013,
http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/building-resident-signs-a-memrial-to-18-year-old-tyshon-news-photo/451955749
.

29
. Sudhir A. Venkatesh,
Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Takes to the Streets
(New York: Penguin Books, 2008), 29.

30
. Jonathan Tilove, “Where Have All the Men Gone? Black Gender Gap is Widening,”
Seattle Times,
May 5, 2005,
http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/where-have-all-the-men-gone-black-gender-gap-is-widening
.

31
. “Census Tract 4603.02, Cook County, Illinois,” Table: Data,
USBoundary.com
,
http://www.usboundary.com/Areas/454133#Data
(accessed April 13, 2016).

32
. Michelle Alexander,
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
(New York: The New Press, 2012), 189.

CHAPTER NINE

1
. Nicholas Lemann,
The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America
(London: PaperMac, 1992), 50.

2
. Quoted in Brad Tuttle,
How Newark Became Newark: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of an American City
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2011), 65.

3
. Ibid., 8.

4
. “New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930–1990,” New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development,
http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/1990/poptrd6.htm
(accessed April 4, 2016).

5
. Steve Strunsky, “Newark Teen Shooting Victim Recalled as ‘Good Dude’ Who Tried to Shield Girlfriend from Gunfire,”
NJ.com
,
November 24, 2013,
http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2013/11/newark_shooting_victim_recalled_nice.html
.

6
. Ibid.

7
. Ibid.

8
. Ibid.

9
. All quoted in Tuttle,
How Newark Became Newark,
9.

10
. Ibid., 208.

11
. Ronald Smothers, “Newark’s Ex-Mayor Admits Tax Evasion and Avoids Prison,”
New York Times,
November 1, 2002,
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/01/nyregion/newark-s-ex-mayor-admits-tax-evasion-and-avoids-prison.html
.

12
. Tuttle,
How Newark Became Newark,
225.

13
. Ibid., 266.

14
. Ibid.

15
. Strunsky, “Newark Teen Shooting Victim Recalled as ‘Good Dude.’”

16
. Dale Russakoff, “Schooled,”
New Yorker,
May 19, 2014,
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/05/19/schooled
.

17
. Tuttle,
How Newark Became Newark,
162.

18
. Kevin J. Mumford,
Newark: A History of Race, Rights, and Riots in America
(New York: New York University Press, 2007), 125.

19
. Kerner Commission, “Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders,” reproduced by the Eisenhower Foundation,
http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf
(accessed March 2, 2016).

20
. Lawrence Mishel et al., “Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts,” Economic Policy Institute, January 6, 2015,
http://www.epi.org/publication/charting-wage-stagnation/
.

21
. Michael Greenstone and Adam Looney, “The Uncomfortable Truth About American Wages,”
New York Times,
October 22, 2012,
http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/22/the-uncomfortable-truth-about-american-wages/
.

22
. William J. Wilson,
When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor
(New York: Vintage, 1997), 26.

23
. Ibid., 27.

24
. Thomas J. Sugrue,
The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), 123.

25
. Wilson,
When Work Disappears,
31.

26
. John R. Logan and Brian J. Stults, “The Persistence of Segregation in the Metropolis: New Findings from the 2010 Census,” US 2010 Project, March 24, 2011,
http://www.s4.brown.edu/us2010/Data/Report/report2.pdf
.

27
. Joshua Wilwohl, “Report: Newarkers Among New Jersey’s Poorest,”
Newark Patch,
November 7, 2011,
http://patch.com/new-jersey/newarknj/report-newarkers-among-new-jerseys-poorest
.

28
. Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton,
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), 126.

29
. Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner,
Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything
(New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 99.

30
. Delbert S. Elliott, “Youth Violence: An Overview” (paper presented at the Aspen Institute’s Children’s Policy Forum “Children and Violence Conference,” February 18–21, 1994),
http://www.colorado.edu/cspv/publications/papers/CSPV-008.pdf
.

CHAPTER TEN

1
. Daniel J. Siegel,
Brainstorm: The Power and Purpose of the Teenage Brain
(New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher, 2013), 67.

2
. Ibid., 69.

3
. Ibid., 108.

4
. Barbara Natterson-Horowitz and Kathryn Bowers,
Zoobiquity: What Animals Can Teach Us About Health and the Science of Healing
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012), 285.

5
. Anthony Burgess,
A Clockwork Orange
(London: Penguin, 1992).

6
. “George W. Bush: Out of His Father’s Shadow,”
BBC News,
November 8, 2000,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/americas/2000/us_elections/profiles/576504.stm
.

7
. “Cameron Student Photo Is Banned,”
BBC News,
March 2, 2007,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6409757.stm
.

8
. “Justin Bieber Pleads Guilty to Careless Driving in Deal,”
BBC News,
August 13, 2014,
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-28781437
.

9
. Michelle Alexander,
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
(New York: The New Press, 2012), 2.

10
. Alexis De Tocqueville,
Democracy in America,
Harper Perennial edition (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 232.

11
. Jeffrey Toobin, “This Is My Jail,”
New Yorker,
April 14, 2014,
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/04/14/this-is-my-jail
.

12
. German Lopez, “Police Are Much Less Likely to Solve Homicides When the Victims Are Black,”
Vox,
June 11, 2015,
http://www.vox.com/2015/6/10/8757163/homicide-race
.