Authors: Mary Street Alinder
11
Robert Earle Howells, “Yosemite, California,”
Sunset
, March 2014, 52–53; and John Flinn, “Yosemite Grant Set Aside Land for Park in 1864,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, June 22, 2014, 6.
12
Quoted in Greene,
Yosemite: The Park and Its Resources
, 53.
13
Brooks, “Yosemite: The Seeing Eye and the Written Word,” 18.
14
Nancy Newhall,
The Eloquent Light
(Millerton, N.Y.: Aperture, 1980), 29.
15
Ansel Adams with Mary Street Alinder,
Ansel Adams: An Autobiography
(Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1985), 51.
16
Greene,
Yosemite: The Park and Its Resources
, 516.
17
Ibid., 97.
18
Statement made by Yosemite’s Acting Superintendent Benson in 1908. Greene,
Yosemite: The Park and Its Resources
, 429.
19
A. Adams with M. Alinder,
Autobiography
, 51–53.
20
Michael Reese II,
A Travel Letter—1871: The Yosemite & Napa Valley
(San Francisco: Cloister Press, 1988), unpaginated.
21
Shirley Sargent,
Yosemite & Its Innkeepers
(Yosemite: Flying Spur Press, 1975), 22.
22
Greene,
Yosemite: The Park and Its Resources
, 652.
23
Sargent,
Yosemite & Its Innkeepers
, 59.
24
Ibid., 42.
25
A. Adams with M. Alinder,
Autobiography
, 53.
26
Ansel’s first camera, the Kodak No. 1 Brownie, is in the collection of the George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography. Todd Gustavson,
Camera, A History of Photography from Daguerreotype to Digital
(New York: Sterling Signature, 2009), 148.
27
N. Newhall,
Eloquent Light
, 31; Ansel Adams to Mary Bray, summer 1917, in Mary Street Alinder and Andrea Gray Stillman, eds.,
Ansel Adams: Letters and Images, 1916–1984
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1988), 1.
28
Olive Adams to Charles Adams, June 13, 1917, CCP; Charles Adams to Olive Adams, June 13, 1917, CCP; Charles Adams to Olive Adams, June 18, 1917, CCP; Olive Adams to Charles Adams, June 20, 1917, CCP.
29
Ansel had fond memories of this story and its teller.
30
Ansel Adams, “Francis Holman, 1856–1944,”
Sierra Club Bulletin
(San Francisco: Sierra Club, October 1944), 47–58.
31
A. Adams and M. Alinder,
Autobiography
, 54, 56–57.
32
Ansel Adams to Olive Adams, May 26, 1918, in
Ansel Adams: Letters and Images
, 2–3.
33
Ibid. Thomas Starr King, a Unitarian minister, was a brilliant and popular orator who came to California during the Civil War. He successfully rallied the state to the Northern side and for the preservation of the Union. Ben Tarnoff,
The Bohemians: Mark Twain and the San Francisco Writers Who Reinvented American Literature
(New York: Penguin Press, 2014), 19.
34
Ansel Adams, “Conversations with Ansel Adams,” an oral history conducted 1972, 1974, 1975 by Ruth Teiser and Catherine Harroun, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1978, 236. Courtesy of The Bancroft Library.
35
Jon Stewart, “San Francisco’s Ferocious Flu Season: 1918–19,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, “This World” section, November 5, 1989, 13; and Carl Zimmer, “In 1918, Bad Timing Fed a Pandemic,”
New York Times
, May 6, 2014, D3.
36
A. Adams with M. Alinder,
Autobiography
, 54.
37
Ibid.
38
Virginia and Ansel Adams,
Illustrated Guide to Yosemite Valley
(San Francisco: H. S. Crocker, 1940), 76.
39
A. Adams, “Francis Holman.”
40
A. Adams with M. Alinder,
Autobiography
, 54.
41
A scientific study to quantify the effects of nature on man concluded that “as well as sustaining life, natural environments help foster . . . inner peace and a renewal of mental energy.” Terry Hartig, Marlis Mang, Gary W. Evans, “Restorative Effects of Natural Environment Experiences,”
Environment and Behavior
23, no. 1 (January 1991): 3–26.
42
A. Adams, “Francis Holman.” Uncle Frank died in Carmel, California, on January 16, 1944.
43
John Muir,
My First Summer in the Sierra
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911), 116–117.
44
Horace M. Albright,
The Birth of the National Park Service
, as told to Robert Cahn (Salt Lake City: Howe Brothers, 1985), 5.
45
Brooks, “Yosemite: The Seeing Eye and the Written Word,” 28.
46
Runte,
Yosemite: The Embattled Wilderness
, 3.
47
Sargent,
Yosemite: The First 100 Years
, 30.
48
“Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat.L., 535)—An Act to Establish a National Park Service . . .,” reprinted in Stanford E. Demars,
The Tourist in Yosemite 1855–1985
(Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1991), 2.
49
Runte,
Yosemite: The Embattled Wilderness
, 12.
50
Ansel confessed that Muir bored him in a letter to David McAlpin, October 2, 1939, CCP.
51
David and Victoria Sheff, “The Playboy Interview,”
Playboy
, May 1983.
3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF VISION
1
Peter E. Palmquist, “Carleton E. Watkins: Notes from the Historical Record,” in
Carleton E. Watkins
(San Francisco: Fraenkel Gallery, 1989), 213–217.
2
Peter E. Palmquist,
Carleton E. Watkins, Photographer of the American West
(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1983), 12.
3
Ibid.
4
Shirley Sargent,
Yosemite: The First 100 Years, 1890–1990
(Yosemite National Park: Yosemite Park and Curry Company, 1988).
5
Mary S. Alinder, “Carleton Watkins,” in
The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography
, 3rd ed. (Boston and London: Focal Press, 1993), 865.
6
Palmquist,
Carleton E. Watkins
, 217.
7
Ted Orland,
Man and Yosemite
(Santa Cruz: The Image Continuum Press, 1985), 56–58.
8
Weston J. Naef,
Era of Exploration: The Rise of Landscape Photography in the American West, 1860–1885
, in collaboration with James N. Wood (Buffalo and New York: Albright-Knox Art Gallery and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1975), 175.
9
Rebecca Solnit,
River of Shadows: Edward Muybridge and the Technological Wild West
(New York: Viking, 2003).
10
J. J. Reilly, who specialized in stereographs, established the first photography studio in the valley in 1875. Linda Wedel Greene,
Yosemite: The Park and Its Resources
(Yosemite National Park: U.S. Department of the Interior/National Park Service, 1987), 147, 149.
11
Thomas Curran,
Fiske, the Cloudchaser
(Oakland and Yosemite: The Oakland Museum and the Yosemite Natural History Association, 1981), unpaginated.
12
Greene,
Yosemite: The Park and Its Resources
, 676.
13
Leonard Shlain,
Art & Physics: Parallel Visions in Space, Time & Light
(New York: William Morrow, 1991), 100.
14
John Szarkowski,
American Landscapes
(New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1981), 6.
15
Gordon Hendricks,
Albert Bierstadt: Painter of the American West
(New York: Harrison House, 1988), 231–309.
16
Ibid., 262.
17
Ansel Adams, “The Horace M. Albright Conservation Lectureship: The Role of the Artist in Conservation,” lecture given at University of California, Berkeley, College of Natural Resources, Department of Forestry & Conservation, March 3, 1975, 2.
18
Information gathered by the author in the course of many conversations with Ansel on the subject during the preparation of his autobiography.
19
Ansel Adams with Mary Street Alinder,
Ansel Adams: An Autobiography
(Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1985), 49.
20
Ansel Adams to Mary Bray, June 23, 1916, in Mary Street Alinder and Andrea Gray Stillman, eds.,
Ansel Adams: Letters and Images, 1916–1984
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1988), 1.
21
An entire page from the album, including the two photographs discussed, is reproduced in M. Alinder and Stillman,
Letters and Images
, facing page 1.
22
A. Adams with M. Alinder,
Autobiography
, 69.
23
Ansel Adams, “Conversations with Ansel Adams,” an oral history conducted 1972, 1974, 1975 by Ruth Teiser and Catherine Harroun, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1978, 228.
24
Ibid., 37–38. Ansel’s Vest Pocket Kodak Autographic is in the collection of the George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography. This was a folding camera, which Kodak boasted was “so flat and smooth and small as to go readily into a vest pocket.” The autographic feature allowed the photographer to etch a brief caption onto the negative. Todd Gustavson,
Camera, A History of Photography from Daguerreotype to Digital
(New York: Sterling Signature, 2009), 179.
25
Ansel Adams to Mary Bray, Summer 1917, in M. Alinder and Stillman,
Letters and Images
, 1.
26
Greene,
Yosemite: The Park and Its Resources
, 447–448.
27
Ansel Adams,
Examples: The Making of 40 Photographs
(Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1983), 49.
28
Peter Palmquist, “William E. Dassonville: An Appreciation,” Susan Herzig and Paul Hertzmann, eds.,
Dassonville
(Nevada City, Calif.: Carl Mautz Publishing, 1999), 25–27; Nancy Newhall,
The Eloquent Light
(Millerton, N.Y.: Aperture, 1980), 31.
29
“Awards—Architectural Subjects, Closed October 31, 1918,”
Photo-Era: The American Journal of Photography
42 (January 1919): 32. The photograph by Ansel was not reproduced.
30
Imogen Cunningham,
Imogen Cunningham: Photographs
(Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1970), pl. 4.