Bachelor Girl (41 page)

Read Bachelor Girl Online

Authors: Betsy Israel

Tags: #Social Science, #Women's Studies, #History, #United States, #20th Century, #Media Studies

of immigrant working girls, 58, 59, 74, 75–78, 83, 94

as vagrancy (loitering), 76, 106

white slavery and, 122–24

purchase brides, 20

 

Quaaludes, 241

Quinn, Roseanne, 230

 

“race suicide,” 33, 109–10, 111, 116, 142

rackets, 88–89, 92, 93, 96, 103, 107, 120, 124

radio soap operas, 178

Rainy Day Club, 90

rape, 70–71, 155, 241

Rear Window,
193

Reisman, David, 179

Rhys, Jean, 164

Richardson, Dorothy, 55, 78–83, 84, 194

Roberts, Julia, 40

Robinson, Grace, 154

Robinson, Solon, 66

Robles, Richard, 227–28

Roiphe, Katie, 255–56

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 36, 40, 154, 155, 159

Roosevelt, Theodore, 33, 109, 116

Rosenteur, Phyllis, 211

Rosie the Riveter, 166, 167

rubbering, 88, 91

Rules, The
(Fein and Schneider), 258–59

 

Sagan, Françoise, 185–86

Salem witch trials, 17, 21

Salinger, J. D., 198

Sands, Alma, 71–72

Sanger, Margaret, 115

Sarmiento, Domingo, 29

Saunders, Florence Wenderoth, 99–100, 102–3

Sawyer, Lanah, 70–71

Sayers, Dorothy L., 17

Scharf, Lois, 160

Scudder, Vida, 26

Seberg, Jean, 186

Sedgwick, Catherine M., 27

settlement houses, 35–37, 143

Seventh Heaven
(Hoffman), 176

Sex and the City,
1, 262–63

Sex and the Single Girl
(Brown), 212

sexology, 111, 117–18, 141–45, 156

frigidity in, 142, 144, 145, 172, 198

lesbianism in, 143–44, 145

typology of, 142–43

Sheila Levine Is Dead and Living in New York
(Parent), 231

shop girls, shoppies, 9, 84–98, 103, 127, 128, 232

“blue Mondays” of, 91

clothing of, 85–86, 89–91

controlled facial expressions of, 86, 94–95

critics of, 90–91

dances attended by, 88–89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96

dress reform desired by, 90–91

education of, 97

“fairy days” of, 92, 94

in films, 97

free-time activities of, 88–89, 95–96

living quarters of, 89, 105

male sales clerks vs., 86

nascent feminism of, 93

newsletters of, 92–93

salaries of, 86

store social clubs formed by, 92, 94

teaching profession entered by, 97

“treating” of, 88, 94

upper-class women vs., 93–94

working conditions of, 85–88, 91, 92, 94–95

youth of, 91–92

shopping bag ladies, 241

Showalter, Elaine, 39

Show Boat,
23
n

single blessedness, 25–48, 53, 114

exemplars of, 40–48

marriage proposals rejected in, 26, 31–32

public taunts endured in, 32–33

special friends in, 28–30

see also
communal living

single girl murders, 227–31, 240–41

“Singleness of Heart” (Katz), 16

single parents, 222, 223, 235

singles bars, 222, 229

singles industry, 220–21

singles scene, 219–22, 240

Single Woman, The
(Rosenteur), 211

siren, 137–38

Sister Carrie
(Dreiser), 8, 59

slacker spinsters, 256–59

“slumming,” 64, 73, 93–94

Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, 30, 36

smoking, 114–15, 116, 130, 132, 133, 134, 143, 158

Smollett, Tobias, 16–17

Southgate, Eliza, 25

Speck, Richard, 228

spieling, 88–89, 93, 128

spinsters, 9, 14–53, 56, 57, 105–6, 109, 110, 129, 135–36, 190, 197, 219

behavior required of, 23–24

courtesan training proposed for, 21

deportation proposed for, 20–21, 23, 32

Depression era and, 161–62

in early America, 21–25

in 1851 British census, 19–21

in 1855

U.S. census, 23

first appearance of, 15–16, 18

free labor provided by, 139, 186
n

in industrial revolution, 18–21

as insane, 16, 29, 53

lesbians and, 11, 28–29

in literature, 14, 16–17, 19–20, 24, 48–53

maintaining contact among, 50

as widows-manqué, 23
n

work sought by, 18, 19–20, 23, 50

see also
new spinsters; old maids

spinster stories, 50–52, 156–57, 262

Stanley, Henry Morton, 62

Stanley, Olga, 112

Stansell, Christine, 58, 71, 89

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 33

Steel, Dawn, 250

Steinem, Gloria, 210, 211, 213, 218, 235–37

Sterling, Claire Wellesley, 94

stock-market crash (1929), 147

Stoner, Lucy, 74

Storm, Gale, 196

stronger sex, women as, 172

Suckow, Ruth, 108–9, 163–64

suffrage movement, 74, 100, 114, 117

laws achieved by, 36, 45, 119, 126

political agitation in, 114, 173

Sullivan’s Travels,
155

Swanson, Gloria, 130

sweatshops, 58

syphilis, 68, 123

 

“Tabitha,” as name, 17

“Tale of Not So Flaming Youth, A” (Kirk), 134–35

tampons, 128, 218

Tarbell, Ida, 50, 115, 117

Tarkington, Booth, 102

tea dances, 120–21

telephone operators, 103
n,
152

Temple, Shirley, 178

Terrible Honesty
(Douglas), 127

Thackeray, William Makepeace, 20, 48

Thomas, M. Carey, 26

Thompson, Bertha “Boxcar Bertha,” 154

Thompson, Dorothy, 146
n

Three on a Match,
158–59

Tompkins, Juliet Wilbor, 111–12, 145

Totenberg, Nina, 219

Toward a New Psychology of Women
(Miller), 239

Traffic in Souls,
122–23

“transient bureaus,” 154

T. R. Baskin,
231–32

“treating,” 70–71, 88, 94, 135

Triangle Shirtwaist fire, 60

Trilby
(Du Maurier), 110, 125

Trollope, Anthony, 48, 262

Trowmart Inn, 105–7

Truman, Harry, 175

tuberculosis, risk of, 136

Types from City Streets
(Hapgood), 91

 

Ugly Girl Papers, The
(Power), 69

University of Michigan, 194, 211–12

upper-class women, 117, 124

clothing of, 74–75

department stores and, 85

as domestic employers, 60–61

feminist, 109

muddy hems of, 74, 90

“slumming” by, 93–94

as spinsters, 18–19

urban sketch, 63–64

Ursuline religious order, 34–35

 

Valentine’s Day, 260

Van de Warker, Ely, 142

Van Ever, Jean, 174–75

Vanity Fair
(Thackeray), 48

Viorst, Judith, 226

 

WACs (Women’s Army Corps), 168–69, 170

Wald, Lillian, 36

war brides, 171, 185

wartime jobs, 164–70

black women in, 166–67

in Civil War, 45, 46–47, 90

competence in, 167–68

for educated women, 165

in films, 167–68

number of, 165, 169

preparatory campaign for separation from, 168–69

propaganda for, 130
n,
165–66

temporary nature of, 167, 168–70

WACs in, 168–69, 170

in World War I, 129, 130, 142–43

Wasserstein, Wendy, 40

Welter, Barbara, 27

Wharton, Edith, 19–20

“What About Alice?” (Cohen), 248

What Should We Do with Our Daughters?
(Livermore), 142

“What’s Wrong with Ambition?” (Weaver), 189–90

Wheeton, Ellen “Nelly,” 34

Where Are My Children?,
38–39

white slavery, 122–24, 125

Who’s Who
(1902), 116

“Why Women Don’t Marry” (Tompkins), 111–12, 145

widows, 172, 198–99, 209, 235

widows-manqué, 23
n

Wilcox, Susanne, 115

Wilson, Edmund, 129–30

Wine of Youth,
132–33

witches, 17, 197

Wollstonecraft, Mary, 37–38

womanists, 109, 114

Women, The
(Luce), 39–40

Women of New York, or Social Life in the Great City, The
(Ellington), 77

Women of Steel,
166

Women’s Bureau, U.S., 147, 175

women’s colleges, 26, 114, 143

“women’s” jobs, 103, 150, 152, 170, 178

Women’s Moral Reform Society, 31

women’s movement, 208, 233, 234, 236, 251

see also
feminists

Women Who Went to the Field, The
(Barton), 47

Wonder Woman,
167

Woolf, Virginia, 110

Wordsworth, William, 17

Work-a-day Girl: A Study of Some Present-Day Conditions, The
(Laughlin), 86

Working Girl,
101

World War I, 126, 127, 129, 130, 142–43

World War II, 146
n,
164–70, 178

see also
postwar period; wartime jobs

Wright, Fanny, 35

Wylie, Janet, 227–28

Wylie, Philip, 228

Wyman, Jane, 198–99

 

“yellowback” romance novels, 60

“Yellow Wallpaper, The” (Gilman), 47–48

Yezierska, Anzia, 66–67, 69

 

Zaharias, Babe Didrikson, 155

Ziegfeld Follies, 94

About the Author

B
ETSY
I
SRAEL
is a journalist and former editor who has contributed to the
New York Times
,
Elle
,
Rolling Stone
,
GQ
,
Harper’s Bazaar
,
Redbook
,
People
,
Mademoiselle
,
Vogue
,
New York
,
Spin
,
Playboy,
and the
Los Angeles Times
, among many others. She is a former columnist for
Glamour
,
US,
and
New York Woman,
and was a contributing writer for
Mirabella
. She has written numerous screenplays and is the author of a memoir,
Grown-Up Fast: A True Story of Teenage Life in Suburban America
. She lives in Manhattan with her husband and two children.

Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.

Praise
for
Bachelor Girl


Bachelor Girl
is such a delectable read that it belies its stature as a profoundly important synthesis. It takes a witty and perceptive stance on the culture, but it’s also a prodigious journalistic investigation that disinters the droll and moving social history of the single woman in America.”

—Marcelle Clements, author of

The Improvised Woman: Single Women Reinventing Single Life


Bachelor Girl
is essential reading…. It provides a unique framework for understanding today’s single girl.”


USA Today

“Ms. Israel’s book provides a useful history of single working girls and new women of all stripes, from the shop girl to the Gibson goddess to the swinging single…. Replete with both Dickensian details and humorous asides.”


New York Times

“When it comes to being a bachelor girl, women have long been stuck with a stigma. Author Betsy Israel explains how to defy it.”


Cosmopolitan

“Betsy Israel deconstructs all the old ‘single girl’ stereotypes, providing us with a fresh, perceptive point of view and elevating the bachelor girl to her rightful place in modern American social history—and it’s about time.”

—Susan Seidelman, director,
Sex and the City
and
Desperately Seeking Susan

“Betsy Israel salutes single womanhood from the last century’s spinsters to the career gals of today.”


Vanity Fair

“What a read! At long last, a book that really tells it like it is. I loved it!”

—Liz Smith

“A lively history of single women, shifting between the facts of women’s lives and their representation in the media…. Fascinating.”


Boston Globe

“A must-read for contemporary bachelor girls. Israel’s insightful study examines the plight of the single woman as a social phenomenon from the mid-1900s to the present.”


Booklist

“Betsy Israel explores, in a thoughtful and entertaining style, why society persists in finding nonconforming women both threatening and perplexing.”


Elle
(Canada)

“Required reading!”


New York Post

“Betsy Israel’s social history covers everything from 1920s flappers to 1970s career girls, with wit and style. A must-read for feminists with a sense of humor.”


Marie Claire

“Single women are still designated as different from the other kind, not a group any single figure is particularly comfortable to be signed up with. What is this categorizing about? Betsy Israel’s brilliant new book takes us through a century of ‘different-ness’ and explores why it might be extant.”

—Helen Gurley Brown, former
Cosmopolitan
editor in chief and author of
Sex and the Single Girl

“[
Bachelor Girl
] is not one history but two: an examination of popular perceptions about single women since the Industrial Revolution paired with the lesser-known truth about how women actually inhabited their roles…. Engaging, convincing, even stirring.”


Kirkus Reviews

“Israel has an easy journalistic style and clips along at a good pace. She coins some witty phrases—‘the Cult of Independence’—and often breaks for the ironic aside…. An intriguing balance of cultural history and pointed detail.”


San Francisco Chronicle


Bachelor Girl
takes a revealing look at just how far the single woman has come. For those girls and the country’s women in general,
Bachelor Girl
serves as a reminder, as well as a yardstick: You may have come a long way, but don’t forget the hardy souls who made it possible.”


BookPage

“Impressive…. Israel’s witty and provocative look at a topic dear to many women deserves wide readership.”


Publishers Weekly

“You can take all the glowing adjectives you know, lay them in a row, and still not have enough to accurately describe this 294-pager that will make your heart sing.”


Massachusetts Post-Gazette

“Betsy Israel’s
Bachelor Girl
is the history of women in the U.S.”


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