Blood and Politics (112 page)

  
2.
Larry B. Stammer and Carla Hall, “U.S. Muslims Feel Sting of Accusations,”
The Los Angeles Times
, April 22, 1995 (“news reports said two men of ‘Middle Eastern’ appearance were being sought”); “Muslims Bury Baby, Decry Stereotypes,” Associated Press, April 25, 1995 (mother miscarried after her home was stoned); Jorge Casuso, “Arabic Residents target of threats,”
Santa Monica Outlook
, April 22, 1995.

  
3.
A number of books were later written about the Oklahoma City bombing and its relationship to militia groups and other white nationalists, including: Levitas,
The Terrorist Next Door
; Richard A. Serrano,
One of Ours: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing
(New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1998); Ken Stern,
A Force upon the Plain: The American Militia Movement and the Politics of Hate
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996); Stephen Jones and Peter Israel,
Others Unknown: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy
(New York: Public Affairs, 1998); Lou Michel and Dan Herbeck,
American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh & the Oklahoma City Bombing
(New York: Regan Books, 2001); Mark S. Hamm,
In Bad Company: America’s Terrorist Underground
(Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2002).

4.
Todd S. Purdum, “Army Veteran Held in Oklahoma Bombing; Toll Hits 65 as Hope for Survivors Fades,” David Johnston, “Just Before He Was to Be Freed, Prime Bombing Suspect Is Identified in Jail” (Perry, Oklahoma), and James Bennet, “With Helicopters Above, Agents Raid Michigan Farmhouse,”
The New York Times
, April 22, 1995; Russell Watson et al., “Cleverness and Luck,”
Newsweek
, May 1, 1995, pp. 30–32.

  
5.
Serge F. Kovalski, “In a Mirror, Nichols Saw a Victim; Ex-Soldier, Ex-Salesman, Extremist Gravitated to Fringe Groups,”
The Washington Post
, July 3, 1995; Levitas,
The Terrorist Next Door
, pp. 215–16; Richard Serrano, “McVeigh’s Sister Describes His Rage at Government,”
The Los Angeles Times
, May 6, 1997 (Jennifer McVeigh read from a letter her brother wrote: “We members of the citizen’s militia . . . ”); John Kiner, “Bomb Suspect Felt at Home Riding the Gun-Show Circuit,”
The New York Times
, July 5, 1995; Terry L. Nichols, “Affidavit,” March 16, 1994.

  
6.
John Kifner, “Oklahoma Bomb Suspect: Unraveling of Frayed Life,”
The New York Times
, December 31, 1995 (described McVeigh and
Turner Diaries
); “Come Clean, Janet,”
The Spotlight
, April 7, 1997, p. 2, News You May Have Missed section; copy of postcard “Black Sunday” 1935 Oklahoma Dust Storm addressed to
The Spotlight
, stamped with a received date April (date indecipherable), 1995; “Conspiracy to Set-up Lobby Exposed,”
The Spotlight
, July 21, 1997 (describes classified ad by “Tim Tuttle,” one of McVeigh’s aliases); James Ridgeway, “A Conspiratorial Gathering,”
The Village Voice
, April 1, 1997 (includes discussion of postcard).

  
7.
“The View From the Far Right,”
Newsweek
, May 1, 1995, p. 36; “Special Issue: The Face of Terror,”
Time
, May 1, 1995; “Militia Extremists,”
Day One
, ABC News, April 27, 1995; “White Supremacist and Militia Groups Joining Forces,”
Future Watch
, CNN, April 30, 1995; “Newspaper Editors Discuss Militias,”
Weekend Show
, National Public Radio, April 30, 1995.

  
8.
“Oklahoma Bombing Sets Stage for Social Engineering,”
The Spotlight
, May 8, 1995; William Jasper interview with G. Vance Smith, “The Birch Society Battles On,”
The New American
, August 19, 1996, pp. 16–19; Leonard Zeskind, “Armed and Dangerous: The NRA, Militias and White Supremacists are Fostering a Network of Right-Wing Warriors,”
Rolling Stone
, November 2, 1995.

  
9.
William L. Pierce, “American Dissident Voices,” radio broadcast, April 29, 1995.

10.
“Personal . . . From the Editor,”
The Spotlight
, May 1, 1995; “Constitution at Risk,” Vince Ryan, Liberty Lobby Reports,
The Spotlight
, May 8, 1995 (“The monstrous deed in Oklahoma”).

11.
Mike Blair, “Feds ‘Fib’ on Oklahoma City Bomb Says Ex-High Level FBI Official,”
The Spotlight
, May 15, 1995 (high-tech bomb theory); Mike Blair, “New Facts Emerge in Oklahoma City Blast: Experts Nix Fertilizer,”
The Spotlight
, June 5, 1995; Mike Blair, “All (Bad) Roads Lead to Arkansas in Oklahoma City Investigation,”
The Spotlight
, July 10, 1995; Mike Blair, “Independent Investigators See Mideast Connection in Oklahoma City Bombing,”
The Spotlight
, December 4, 1995.

12.
Mike Blair, “Ex-Agent Claims Feds Employed ‘Dupes’ to Bomb Murrah Building,”
The Spotlight
, November 11, 1996; “John Doe No. 2 Won’t Go Away,”
The New American
, November 11, 1996; “Federal Agencies Implicated in Oklahoma City Bombing,”
The Free American
, June 1995; Mireya Navarro, “At Fair for Survivalists, Fallout from Oklahoma,”
The New York Times
, June 12, 1995; Dan Yurman, “Militia Theories on John Doe #2: Real or Disinformation,” Special to the Econet Western Lands Gopher Service, August 5, 1996; Jo Thomas, “Sightings of John Doe No. 2 In Blast Case, Mystery No. 1,”
The New York Times
, December 3, 1995.

13.
Notes, photos, literature, and audiotape collected, Committee of 1776 rally in Washington, D.C., June 4, 1995; Leonard Zeskind, “The Militias: From Oklahoma Tragedy to Washington Farce,”
Searchlight
, July 1995, pp. 23–24.

14.
Kirk Lyons, phone interview with author, August 31, 1995. Misty Ferguson’s claims were later incorporated into a case pursued unsuccessfully by attorneys other than Lyons, United States Court of Appeals, 01-50154.

15.
Notes and literature collected, “America 95, Constitution Restoration Rally, Freedom Expo,” Kansas City area, June 10, 1995; Zeskind, “The Militias: From Oklahoma Tragedy to Washington Farce.”

16.
Author’s notes, publications, tapes, and other materials collected, “For Peace of Mind in Our Changing World,” Preparedness Expo, Orange County Convention Center, June 9–11, 1995.

17.
Author’s notes; Larry Pratt, “Gun Control: 2nd Amendment Under Fire,” Panel at Expo, June 9, 1995; Zeskind, “Armed and Dangerous: The NRA, Militias and White Supremacists are Fostering a Network of Right-Wing Warriors.”

18.
Bo Gritz, interview with author, June 10, 1995; author’s notes.

19.
Bo Gritz, “Ark in a Time of Noah,” Preparedness Expo speech, June 11, 1995.

20.
Leslie Jorgensen, “A Tale of Terrorism: McVeigh Defense Enabled by White Supremacist, Militia Pro-gun Sources,”
The Colorado Statesman
97, no. 7; J. D. Cash, in a series of articles published in the
McCurtain Daily Gazette
, most actively pursued the holes.

21.
Peter T. Kilborn, “Terror in Oklahoma: The Nichols Brothers; Seeking Clues Along a Highway,”
The New York Times
, May 11, 1995; McVeigh’s fingerprints were on the receipt for a fertilizer purchase, however.

22.
“Leg lost in blast still a mystery,” Associated Press, October 19, 1995; Mark Eddy, “Area Scientist Gets Call to ID Misidentified Leg from Bombing,”
The Denver Post
, February 29, 1996; “Leg Is Matched to Woman Who Died in Bombing,” Associated Press, February 24, 1996 (“death count was raised to 169”).

23.
Judy Thomas, “We Are Not Dangerous, Leader of Separatists Says,”
The Kansas City Star
, March 17, 1996; Robert Millar, interview with James Ridgeway and author, March 1996, conducted on the grounds of Elohim City.

24.
Judy Thomas, “We Are Not Dangerous, Leader of Separatists Says”; Howard Pankratz, “Records Hint at Link with Elohim City,”
The Denver Post
, May 12, 1996.

25.
Kirk Lyons, “Dear Supporter” letter, n.d., received March 1996; Robert Millar, interview with James Ridgeway and the author, March 1996 (confirmed McVeigh’s call to Elohim City).

26.
Markus Wallenberg, “Berlin-Oklahoma-Berlin,”
Neues Deutschland
, February 3, 1996; Neil H. Payne, “The Story of Andi the German,”
The Balance
(a publication of the CAUSE Foundation) 8, no. 1:3.

27.
“Statement of Andreas Carl Strassmeir,”
United States of America v. Timothy McVeigh
, CR-95-110, unsigned affidavit circulated after February 1996; Judy Thomas, “German Disavows Link to Oklahoma City Explosion,”
The Kansas City Star
, March 1, 1996 (article based on the affidavit).

28.
Andreas Strassmeir and David Holloway, interview with RLS, January 2, 1996; “The Story of Andi the German,”
The Balance
8, no. 1.

29.
Search Warrant Recovery list, Public Storage Joplin, Missouri, Case ID 91A-KC-75819, February 13, 1996; Sharon Cohen, “‘Bank Bandits’ Motivated by Racism, Mission to Steal,”
The Kansas City Star
, January 5, 1996;
United States of America v. Mark William Thomas, Peter Kevin Langan a/k/a “Commander Pedro,” Scott Anthony Stedford a/k/a “Tudo,” Kevin William McCarthy a/k/a “Blondie,” Michael William Brescia a/k/a “Tim,”
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Indictment Date filed January 30, 1997; Michael Weber, “Guilty Verdict in Robberies by One Militia,”
The New York Times
, February 11, 1997; Hamm,
In Bad Company: America’s Terrorist Underground
.

30.
Robert Ruth, “Shootout Was Brief, Violent, FBI Agents Testify,”
The Columbus Dispatch
, July 31, 1996; Evidence Recovery Log for 1993 Ford XLT Pickup, Case ID 91A-SL-179944, February 12, 1996; Leonard Zeskind, “A Phineas Priest in Pink,”
Searchlight
, January 1997, p. 23; Robert Ruth and Brent LaLonda, “Bank Bandit Found Hanged in Jail Cell,”
The Columbus Dispatch
, July 13, 1996.

31.
J. D. Cash, “FBI Says Strassmeir Was Government ‘Operative,’ ”
McCurtain Sunday Gazette and Broken Bow News
, July 14, 1996; J. D. Cash, “Agents Probe OKC Bombing Links to Bank Robberies,”
McCurtain Daily Gazette
, July 16, 1996; J. D. Cash, “German National Linked to Okla. City Bombing Suspect #2,”
Media Bypass
, September 1996.

32.
Robert Millar, interview with James Ridgeway conducted in Elohim City, March 1996; James Ridgeway and Leonard Zeskind, “The Fall Guy?,”
The Village Voice
, April 9, 1996.

42. The Second Underground Collapses

  
1.
James Brooke, “Freemen Farm Attracts the Fringe,”
The New York Times
, April 28, 1996; “With Freemen Gone, a Surface Calm Descends,” Associated Press, July 14, 1996.

  
2.
“Federal, State and Local Law Enforcement Discuss Indictments and Arrest Status in Garfield County Case,” United States Dept. of Justice, U.S. Attorney District of Montana, press release, March 26, 1996.

  
3.
The debtor was one of those who had burst into the Garfield County Court that January day in 1994.

  
4.
“Inventory Listing of All Items Seized at Search Warrant Site,” Investigation no. 43572, July 2, 1996, U.S. District Court for Billings Division of Montana, CR 95–117.

  
5.
News Advisory, U.S. Attorney District of Montana, March 25, 1996 (announcing arrest of Leroy Schweitzer and Daniel Peterson); Clair Johnson, “Leaders Accused of Threats Against Officials,”
Billings Gazette
, March 27, 1996.

  
6.
David Johnston, “F.B.I. Standoff With Militants Tests New Path,”
The New York Times
, March 30, 1996.

  
7.
Louis Sahagun and Richard Serrano, “FBI Found Rightists Key to Ending Montana Standoff; Surrender Strategy to Arrest ‘Freemen’ Without Violence Was to Seek Other Extremists’ Help,”
The Los Angeles Times
, June 15, 1996.

  
8.
James “Bo” Gritz, “Between the Lines—A Case of Radical Extremes,” fax from Vicci Gritz to Jim Dingman, May 20, 1996.

  
9.
“Freemen Stand-Off Phase 1—Debriefing,”
Taking Aim
newsletter, vol. 3, no. 3 (June 1996), Militia of Montana; David Perlmutt, “Freemen Negotiating Described,”
Charlotte Observer
, June 18, 1996; Jack Horan, “Carolinas Men Help on Freemen; Leader Escorted on Trip to Meet Jailed Member,”
Charlotte Observer
, June 12, 1996.

10.
Perlmutt, “Freemen Negotiating Described.”

11.
“The Heat Is On: A Covert Attempt to Split Militia,”
Taking Aim
newsletter, vol. 3, no. 1 (April 1996), p. 7.

12.
Chris Temple, “Freemen Generate Mixed Reactions,”
The Jubilee
8, no. 5 (May/June 1996); Leonard Zeskind, “Justice vs. Justus: Montana Freemen Trial May Mark End of an Era,”
Intelligence Report
, Spring 1998.

13.
Combating Terrorism: FBI’s Use of Federal Funds for Counterterrorism Related Activities (FYs 1995–98)
, Government Accounting Office, November 1998, p. 2.

14.
From ERRI Daily Intelligence Report, “Excerpts: Report on Domestic Terrorism,” Monday, August 18, 1997, 3:230;
FBI Analysis of Terrorist Incidents in the United States 1983
, U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation, prepared by Terrorist Research and Analytical Center Terrorism Section Criminal Investigation Division.

15.
Ron Selden, “Cops Negotiate with Fugitive,”
Missoulian
, August 27, 1993; Leonard Zeskind, “Oklahoma Indictments Issues,”
Searchlight
, September 1995.

16.
Ken Stern,
A Force upon the Plain
, p. 252.

17.
Warrant for Arrest,
United States v. Ray Willie Lampley, Cecilia Lampley, Larry Wayne Crow, John Dare Baird
, U.S. District Court Eastern District of Oklahoma, Judge Richard Cornish, November 10, 1995; Leonard Zeskind, “New Bank Robbers Imitate Old Order,”
Searchlight
, May 1996.