Blood and Politics (96 page)

  
5.
Soldier of Fortune
, January 1981, March 1981.

  
6.
National Vanguard Books, Catalog no. 8, June 1984, p. 9; “Books,”
The White Patriot
, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, no. 55, January 1983, p. 16.

  
7.
Barricade Books, Lyle Stuart. At the time Lyle Stuart bought the rights,
The Turner Diaries
had already sold 200,000 copies, Pierce told MSNBC interviewer James Ridgeway; the 500,000 number was reported, among other places, by John Sutherland,
The Guardian
, July 29, 2002.

  
8.
National Alliance Bulletin
[Members Only], February–March 1978, p. 3.

  
9.
National Alliance Bulletin
, activities were reported in issues for January 1980, March–April 1980, May 1980, June 1980, September 1980.

10.
“Hear Untold Truths Every Day,”
The National Spotlight
1, no. 1 (September 17, 1975). A list of Liberty Lobby radio programs on over 175 stations in 41 states; “How
Spotlight
Became Nation’s No. 1 Weekly Newspaper,”
The Spotlight
, June 4, 1979, p. 8.

11.
“
The National Spotlight
is born today,”
The National Spotlight
1, no. 1 (September 17, 1975); “Statement of Ownership, Management and Circulation,”
The National Spotlight
1, no. 3 (October 1, 1975), p. 5, “total paid circulation 151,254.”

12.
“Aid in instilling unity of thought and action to good citizens everywhere,”
The National Spotlight
1, no. 1.

13.
Editorial,
The National Spotlight
1, no. 1 (September 17, 1975): 9.

14.
“Dear Friend,” Liberty Lobby promotional letter, signed by Curtis B. Dall, Robert M. Bartell, Carol M. Dunn, James B. Tucker, dated September 28, 1979.

4. David Duke and a New Klan Emerge

  
1.
“Klan Leader Egged During Tour” and “Arrest Protest in Klan Incident,” UPI, October 16, 1977, reprinted in
The Crusader
, no. 27, Klan Border Watch edition, official publication of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Metarie, Louisiana.

  
2.
John Hammerly, “KKK’s Same Spiel: America for Whites” (staff writer for publication unknown), reprinted in
The Crusader
, no. 27.

  
3.
David Duke, “personal account of some of the California activities”; “Protestors Break Down Hotel Door: KKK Members Meet with Lt. Gov. Dymally,” UPI; both articles reprinted in
The Crusader
, no. 27.

  
4.
“Border Watch Continues,”
The Crusader
, no. 28, p. 1.

  
5.
“Klan Border Watch Edition,”
The Crusader
, no. 27, p. 3.

  
6.
Ibid., p. 12; Tyler Bridges,
The Rise of David Duke
(Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1994), pp. 66–69. Devin Burghart drew my attention to the importance of this Klan border watch.

  
7.
Patsy Sims, “David Duke: The Image Maker,”
The Klan
2nd ed. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996), pp. 152–96; Wyn Craig Wade,
The Fiery Cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987), pp. 368–75; Bridges,
The Rise of David Duke
, pp. 3–14.

  
8.
Karl Hand, “David Duke for President?”
NSLF Movement Notes
, n.d.; Hand wrote, “Don’t leave your wife, your girl friend or your daughter alone with this guy”; Karl Hand, former national organizer, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, “Why not David Duke,” flyer, n.d.

  
9.
Sims,
The Klan
, p. 159 (
The National Socialist Bulletin
, August 1, 1970, published by the NSWPP, refers to “National Socialists led by David Duke” at LSU); the 1970 picture of Duke in a brownshirt uniform has circulated widely.

10.
Bridges,
The Rise of David Duke
, pp. 31–32.

11.
FBI 157-1406-8, April 2, 1971, “National Socialist White People’s Party”; FBI 157-14016-16, July 7, 1971, “White Youth Alliance”; FBI 157-14016-49, January 25, 1972, “The National Party has replaced the WYA with many former WYA members joining the National Party”; FBI 157-14016-50, January 25, 1972, White Youth Alliance, Airtel, “Agents to whom DUKE furnished information contained in enclosed LHM are SAS [redacted]”; FBI 157-14016-51, dictated February 7, 1972.

12.
Leonard Zeskind (unsigned), “Duke Takes Lumps After Defeat at Polls,”
The Monitor
25 (May 1992), Center for Democratic Renewal (typo in this article erroneously has Duke arrested on January 28, 1972; he was arrested on January 18).

13.
Sims,
The Klan
, p. 184.

14.
David Mark Chalmers,
Hooded Americanism: The History of the Ku Klux Klan
3rd ed. (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1987), pp. 8–21; Wyn Craig Wade,
The Fiery Cross
, pp. 40–41.

15.
www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMAZE
(accessed on February 6, 2008);
www.tennessee.go/environment/parks/NBForrest
(accessed on February 6, 2008).

16.
W.E.B. Du Bois,
Black Reconstruction in America
(New York: Atheneum, 1979), p. 190; Eric Foner,
Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution 1863-1877
(New York: Harper & Row, 1988).

17.
David Duke, “We Must Build a White Political Machine,” editorial,
The Crusader
, no. 1 (Fall 1973).

18.
Nicholas Lemann,
Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006); Eric Foner,
Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution 1863–1877
(New York: Harper & Row, 1988), pp. 564–600.

19.
Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Handbook
, David Duke signed the “Preface,” n.d., no page numbers, all quotes in this paragraph are from the
Handbook
.

20.
Ibid.

21.
Chalmers,
Hooded Americanism
, p. 291. Chalmers provides an excellent state-by-state guide to the successes and failures of the Klan during the 1920s.

22.
Ibid., p. 26.

23.
Johnson-Reed Act of 1924; Allan Chase,
The Legacy of Malthus: The Social Costs of the New Scientifc Racism
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, Illini Books Edition, 1980), p. 9; Matthew Frye Jacobson,
Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998), pp. 82–85; John Higham,
Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism 1860–1925
(New York: Atheneum, 1965), p. 321.

24.
Leo P. Ribbufo,
The Old Christian Right: The Protestant Far Right from the Great Depression to the Cold War
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1983), pp. 25–79 on Pelley and pp. 80–127 on Winrod; Donald I. Warren,
Radio Priest
:
Charles Coughlin, the Father of Hate Radio
(New York: The Free Press, 1996); Leonard Mosley,
Lindbergh: A Biography
(New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1976), pp. 274–302 (chapters on America First and Des Moines).

25.
Chalmers,
Hooded Americanism
, p. 299.

26.
Ibid., p. 343.

27.
Ibid., pp. 256–65; Diane McWhorter,
Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama: The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), pp. 519–30.

28.
“Reporter Broke Case Open,”
Times Colonist
(Victoria, British Columbia), June 13, 2005; Marcel Dufresne, “Exposing the Secrets of Mississippi Racism,”
Washington Journalism Review
, October 1991; Jerry Mitchell, “Activist Recalls Jailhouse Lie,”
The Clarion-Ledger
, June 21, 2002.

29.
“White Self Hatred—Master Stroke of the Enemy,”
Attack!
, no. 37 (1975); “Why We Fight: The Motivation of a True Klansman,”
The Crusader
, official publication of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, no. 1 (Fall 1973), article credited to Pierce’s publication
Attack!
, which originally published it in 1972; “Who Rules America?” National Alliance, n.d.

30.
William Pierce, “The Real Enemy,”
The White Patriot: World Wide Voice of the Aryan People
, Don Black, publisher, no. 55, January 1983, p. 13; Evelyn Rich, “Ku Klux Klan Ideology 1954–1988,” Ph.D. dissertation, 1988, University Microfils International Dissertation Information Service, p. 180.

31.
“Mightier Than an Army,”
National Vanguard
, no. 94 (April 1983).

32.
“Why Is the Klan Opposed to Jews?,”
The White Patriot
, no. 55 (January 1983), p. 12.

33.
FBI 157-2396-461, “Information RE: Dr. William L. Pierce and [redacted],” November 24, 1975; Nick Camerotta, associate editor of
Attack!
, “The Last Hurrah,”
The Crusader
, no. 5, p. 17.

34.
“Why We Fight,”
Attack!
, no. 16, November 14, 1972; “Why We Fight,”
The Crusader
, no. 1 (Fall 1973).

35.
“Who Rules America,”
Crusader: The Voice of the White Majority
, no. 23, Special Introductory Issue.

36.
Howard Schuman, Charlotte Steeh, Lawrence Bobo, Maria Krysan,
Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations
rev. ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997), pp. 184–89.

37.
“Klan No Longer ‘Invisible Empire,’ Issues Aired Publicly,”
The National Spotlight
, October 31, 1975.

38.
Kathleen Blee,
Women of the Klan: Racism and Gender in the 1920s
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), pp. 1–4, 103–12.

39.
Ben Bradlee, Jr., “David Duke Revitalizes Klan,”
Los Angeles Herald Examiner
, republished in
The Crusader
, no. 79 (for women percentage); Robert Miles, “Aryan Women: Racial Comrades in Arms,”
The Crusader
, no. 33 (September 1978).

40.
“The Klan Today,”
The Ku Klux Klan: A History of Racism and Violence
, Special Report, Southern Poverty Law Center, 1981, p. 49.

41.
Bill Stanton,
Klanwatch: Bringing the Ku Klux Klan to Justice
(New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991), pp. 3–9; “Final Order Approving Consent Decree,” November 21, 1989,
Bernice Brown et al. v. The Invisible Empire Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
, U.S. District Court Northern District of Alabama Southern Division, 80-HM-1449-S (originally filed November 3, 1980).

42.
Elizabeth Wheaton,
Codename Greenkil: The 1979 Greensboro Killings
(Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1987); Dr. Michael Nathan, Dr. James Waller, Sandi Smith, Cesar Cauce, and Bill Sampson. Another nine were wounded, several of those seriously.

43.
Wyn Craig Wade,
The Fiery Cross
, pp. 347–62; Gary May,
The Informant: The FBI, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Murder of Viola Liuzzo
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005).

44.
“Klan Leader Reportedly Informed for F.B.I.,”
The New York Times
, August 31, 1981, article cited report in Nashville
Tennessean
.

45.
Wade,
The Fiery Cross
, p. 391 (women shot in Chattanooga win damages from members of the Justice Knights); Chris Lutz,
They Don’t All Wear Sheets: A Chronology of Racist and Far Right Violence 1980–1986
, Center for Democratic Renewal, published by the Division of Church and Society of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA, 1987.

46.
David Duke, Interviews with Evelyn Rich, La Quinta Motor Inn, Metairie, Louisiana, March 18 and March 20, 1985.

47.
Bridges,
The Rise of David Duke
, pp. 81–82.

48.
Ibid., pp. 85–88.

49.
“Klan Moves Forward: Under New Grand Wizard,”
Crusader: Voice of the White Majority
, no. 51, January 1981. Don Black became the new Grand Wizard, but was displaced after he went to prison.

5. The Election of 1980: The Klan and Ronald Reagan

  
1.
“Klan’s Metzger Enters U.S. Congressional Arena,”
California Klan News
3 no. 1, n.d.; Metzger for Congress, Committee No. 093122, Federal Election Commission filing, June 30, 1980 (FEC records show Metzger’s committee reporting about $26,000 in expenditures through December 31, 1980); Al Martinez, “Metzger Says KKK Seeks to Fill Vacuum,”
Los Angeles Times
, June 16, 1980; “Oceanside’s Day of Infamy,”
California Klan News
3 no. 1, pp. 6–8 (Metzger republished newspaper articles and photos and added commentary on the March 15 riot); Doug Seymour, interview with author, May 1986 (Seymour was a San Diego Police Department reserve officer on undercover assignment in Metzger’s Klan and was present at the Oceanside events). On April 4 following, Metzger participated in a candidates’ forum at San Diego State University.

  
2.
Elinor Langer,
A Hundred Little Hitlers: The Death of a Black Man, the Trial of a White Racist, and the Rise of the Neo-Nazi Movement in America
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2003), pp. 108–36 and 141–49 (for Metzger background); Doug Seymour, interviews with author, May 1986; Leonard Zeskind (unsigned), “Metzger Begins Move to the Top,”
The Monitor
, May 1988; Leonard Zeskind (unsigned), “Peddling Racist Violence for a New Generation: A Profile of Tom Metzger and the White Aryan Resistance,” Background Report no. 5, Center for Democratic Renewal.

  
3.
“Voters Ready for Change,”
The Spotlight
, September 1, 1980, p. 6.

  
4.
Michael Goldfield,
The Color of Politics: Race and the Mainsprings of American Politics
(New York: New Press, 1997), p. 314; Bob Herbert, “Righting Reagan’s Wrongs?”
The New York Times
, November 13, 2007.