Caravaggio: A Life Sacred and Profane (87 page)

P
aleotti, Gabriele, Cardinal: clash with Borromeo 24;
Discourse on Sacred and Profane Images
308, 311

Palermo 393, 413

Palestrina, refuge for C. 329–30

Palo, C. arrested by Spanish garrison 430–32

Pamphili Collection (Romee) 137

Panigarola, Francesco (priest) 140

papacy, Holy Roman Empire and 20, 21–2

Papal States, under Clement VIII 69

Paravicino, Ottavio, Cardinal 89, 127, 129, 151–3, 182

Paschasius (Roman Judge) 396

Pasolini, Pier Paolo 441

Pasqualone, Mariano: assaulted by C. 293–8; judicial peace signed by C. 300–301, 333

pasquinades (libellous poems), aimed at Baglione 249–64, 341, 361–2

Passeri, Giambattista, account of assault on Pasqualone 294–6

Passignano, Domenico, C.’s jealousy of 275

Pastor Friso
, title misattributed to C.’s
St John the Baptist
225–6

Pastor, Ludwig von,
The History of the Popes
31

Paul III, Pope 212

Paul IV, Pope 114

Paul V, Pope 286–7, 309, 426; portrait by C. 304–5

pauperists 104, 115, 216, 233–4, 238, 340,
see also
poor, the

Pecci, Giovanni, in Valletta brawl with C. 387–8

Pellegrini (pilgrims), Archconfraternity of . . . 116, 291

penance, sacrament of 28, 29–30

Peretti family 77

Peretti, Felice, Cardinal (later Pope Sixtus V) 67–8

Perez d’Aleccio, Matteo, frescoes of Great Siege of Malta 369

Peter Martyr, St: in
The Madonna of the Rosary
351; Titian painting 351

Peterzano, Simone 35, 53–6, 65, 438;
Adoration of the Shepherds
54–5, Plate 7

Petrarch 16, 30

Petrigiani, Fatin 91, 92, 138

Phidias (Greek sculptor) 92

Philip II, of Spain 10, 19–21, 25, 30, 69

Philip III, of Spain 335, 393

Piazza, Callisto,
Concert
126–7, Plate 23

Picasso, Pablo 43, 440

Pietropaolo (barber’s apprentice) 162–6

Piissimi, Vittoria (actress) 109

pilgrimage 148; Knights of St John and 358–9; Loreto Holy House 269, 289–93; Neri and 116;
sacro monte
and 37–9

Pimentel y Herrera, Don Juan Alonso, Conde de Benavente 347

Pinacoteca Ambrosiana (Milan) 36

Pio Monte della Misericordia (Naples) 349;
The Seven Acts of Mercy
(altarpiece) 339–45, Plate 70

Piombo, Sebastiano del,
The Flagellation of Christ
345–6

Piomentese, Carlo, alleged hired assassin 355–7

Pioveno, Captain Francesco, testifies for Toppa 318–19

Pisano brothers 41

Pitti Palace (Florence) 372

Pius IV, Pope 22

Pius V, Pope 13, 14

plague 44–52, 398, 407; beggars and roguery at plague times 103; rumours 47

Pliny the Elder, possible influence on C. 86–7

Ponte, Fra Giovanni de, in Valletta brawl with C. 388, 391

Pontoni, Cesare: takes Ranuccio’s daughter as his ward 323–4; witness in Prudenza/Fillide case 179–80

poor, the: Christian attitudes to 103–4; in Naples 337–8,
see also
pauperists

Porta, Giacomo della 191

Porta Pinciana: pharmaceutical distillery 119–20; Tesoretto ceiling 159–61

Porto Ercole, death and burial of C. 427–8, 431–4

portraiture 81; in Del Monte’s collections 119; donor portraits 290–91, 352,
see also
bust-length heads; self-portraits

Pourbus, Frans, the Younger 349–50, 352, 353

Poussin, Nicolas 42, 439

Pozzo, Cassiano dal, ‘The Paper Museum’ 135

processions: as penance for the plague 50–51; as visual art 36

prostitution: in Malta 369; in Milan 58; in Naples 416; in Rome 69, 74–5, 174–5, 177–8, 296–8,
see also
models, courtesans and harlots

Protestant Reformation, Council of Trent and 22–3

Protestants: attitude to religious images 34; attitude to the Rosary 351; Bible translation disagreements 235; Lutheran
Landsknechts
35, 66

Pucci, Pandolfo, ‘Monsignor Salad’ 77, 91, 117

punishments: executions 70;
strappado
74

Radolovich, Niccolò, commissions altarpiece (lost) from C. 339, 340

Raphael 39, 213

realism in art: Caravaggio 6–7, 8, 31, 92, 138, 143, 154, 158, 184, 223, 227, 242, 279–80, 312; Donatello 39;
sacro monte
39, 44;
see also
, painting technique of C.

redemption: C. seeks redemption in Malta 358, 363–4, 366; theme of in C.’s art 88–9, 197, 223, 379–80, 408

Reformation, The
see
Protestant Reformation

relics, religious 50–51, 147, 395

Rembrandt van Rijn 42, 99, 202, 372;
The The Sacrifice of Isaac
275

Reni, Guido, preferred by the Borghese 286

Requesens, Marqués de (Governor of Milan) 25

revenge wounds, statutory fines 324

Rhodes, Knights of St John and 359

Ribera, José de 42, 202, 347

Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal 122

Richeome, Louis,
Le Pelerin de Lorette
289

Ripa, Cesare,
Iconologia
imagery and symbolism 107–8

Roccasecca, Galeazzo, witness of Paqualone assault 294, 300

Roero, Fra Giovanni Rodomonte, Valletta brawl victim 387, 388, 420

Roman Catholicism: Borromeo’s Milan 22–31, 55; classical antiquity repudiated 68; departs from Counter Reformation piety 273; in Milan
see
under
Borromeo; zeal for in Rome 67–8, 69, 70–72,
see also
Council of Trent; Counter Reformation

Romano, Giulio 160

Rome: ancient Christian sites 67–8; artists’ quarter 72–3; beggars, rogues and tricksters 99–110, 118; classical antiquities 66–7, 68; libel laws 253–64; rivalry between French and Spanish factions 69, 231, 283, 284; the Rome of C. 64–5, 67–82, 248, 283–4; sacked by Lutheran
Landsknechts
35, 66; squalor 65–7; suppression of heresy 66, 69, 70; transformation under Pope Sixtus V 67–8; violent times 63–4, 162–83, 204–9, 284–8,
see also
incidents in C.’s life under
Caravaggio

Rosary, legend and worship of 350–51

Rovere, Prince Francesco Maria della 114

Rubens, Peter Paul 42, 439; and
Death of the Virgin
by C. 353–5, 357; and
The Madonna of the Rosary
by C. 353;
The Massacre of the Innocents
353

Ruffetti, Andrea, provides lodgings for C. 303, 329

Ruggieri, Attilio (d’Este agent) 299

The Sacrifice of Isaac
(bronze relief), Ghiberti/Brunelleschi competition 274

The Sacrifice of Isaac
(Rembrandt) 275

sacro monte
(sacred mountain) sculptures 37–44, 201, 214; influence on C. 40–42, 44, 201, 280, 398

St Isidora Agricola, Tolentino altarpiece by C. 270

St John Lateran (Rome) 211

St John’s co-cathedral (Valletta) 372

St Lucy, altarpiece by C. 394–400, 402, 406, 407, Plate 83

St Pantaleimon church (Macedonia) 406

St Peter’s Basilica (Rome) 67, 211; altarpiece commissioned 304–5,
see also
Sistine Chapel

saints:
The Golden Legend
(saints lives) 199, 348, 396, 423; veneration of 147–50

Salini, Tommaso (Mao): Baglione libel case 254–7, 259–60; target of libellous poems 249; threatened by Longhi 267–9

San Giovanni Decollato, artists’ exhibition 245–6

San Luigi dei Francesi (Rome): Caravaggio paintings 80, 117, 193–204, 234–8; completion of Contarelli Chapel 191–4

San Nicola dei Prefetti, communion census 270–71

Sandrart, Joachim von: account of C.’s early years 94–5, 167; C. goes to Malta 362; C.’s use of lighting effects 185; on
Doubting Thomas
239; on
Omnia vincit amor
241–3, 245; on
The Calling of St Matthew
196

Sandys, George: in Malta 367, 368–9, 370; in Naples 335, 337; in Sicily 394, 402–3

Sangallo, Antonio da (architect) 67

Sannesio, Cardinal, buys two rejected Caravaggios 213–14

Sansovino, Jacopo 114

Sant’ Agostino,
Madonna of Loreto
altarpiece 116, 269, 277, 288–93, Plate 63

Sant’ Anna de’ Lombardi (Naples)
Resurrection . . .
altarpiece 414–15

Santa Lucia al Sepulcro (Syracuse) 395

Santa Maria del Popolo, Caravaggio paintings 210–20, 221, 292

Santa Maria della Fontana shrine 10, 16

Santa Maria della Scala, altarpiece 220, 302, 311–12, 355

Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan) 17

Santa Maria di Constantinopoli (Tolentino), altarpiece 269–70

Santa Maria di Gesù (Caltagirone),
Madonna
(Gagini sculpture) 393

Santa Maria in Vallicella, altarpiece by C. 278–81, Plate 36

Santo Spirito Hospital, Del Monte and 120

Saraceni, Carlo: accused of plotting against Baglione 356–7; altarpiece 312, Plate 53

Savonarola 22, 309

sbirri
(constabulary): in Clement VIII’s Rome 70, 257, 267; dealings with C. 281–3, 287–8; French/Spanish disturbances 284–6; investigate the Ranuccio killing 317, 329; in Milanese plague 49–50

Scaravello, Fra Giovanni Battista, in Valletta brawl with C. 387–8

Schrader, Paul (screenwriter) 441

Sciberras, Keith, X-rays obscured archives 387

Scorsese, Martin, influence of C.’s art 441–2, Plate 88

sculpture:
Apollo Sauroctonus
(
Lizard Apollo
) 94; Baroque statuary in Spain 347; religious
mises-en-scène
37–40, 201, 410,
see also
Donatello; Gagini; Glykon; Mazzoni; Michelangelo Buonarroti; Phidias

self-portraits: in C’s art 83–4, 92–3, 150, 156, 159, 160, 199, 201–2, 232, 333, 408, 415, 424,
see also
portraiture

Selim II, Ottoman Sultan 13

seminaries, in Borromeo’s Milan 26, 53

sermons, in Borromeo’s Milan 140–41

Sfondrato, Paolo Emilio, Cardinal, patron of Cesari workshop 79

Sforza dynasty 18, 20–21

Sforza di Caravaggio, il Marchese Francesco I 9, 10

Sforza, Francesco I, Duke of Milan 49

Shakespeare, William,
Twelfth Night
131

Sicily 390–413,
see also
in more detail at
Messina; Palermo; Syracuse

Signorelli, Luca, Orvieto Cathedral frescoes 201

Sillano, Felice (widow) 171–2, 209

Sistine Chapel: altar wall painting 225; ceiling paintings 34, 114, 160–61, 181–2, 197, 226–8, 235–6, 240; choir 127, 130, 132,
see also
St Peter’s Basilica (Rome)

Sixtus V, Pope 67–8, 115

slave trade: Knights of St John and 359, 364–5, 366, 369; Messina 402; Naples 335

Song of Songs, of Solomon: key to
Boy with a Basket of Fruit
88–90, 90–91; music in
The Rest on the Flight to Egypt
142

Spada, Lionello 195

Spain: chiaroscuro in art 347; defence of Catholicism 21–2; effect of Spanish rule in Sicily 393–4; influence of in Rome 69; Milan under 18–22, 25; Naples under 335–8; rivalry with French in Rome 69, 231, 284

Spampa, Girolamo, assaulted by C. 205–6, 248

Spata, Constantino (‘Maestro Valentino’) 97–8, 163, 164–5, 166, 168

Speculatores domus Israel
, papal Visitation Bull 71–2

Spiritual Exercises
(Ignatius Loyola) 31–2, 38

Still Lifes: carpenter’s tools 411; flowers and fruit by C. 80–82, 85, 94, 134–7, 154,
see also
painting technique of C.

Strozzi, Giulio 175, 444

Suarez, Joseph Maria, Bishop of Vaison 147

Suleiman The Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan 13, 359

Susinno, Francesco 27–8; on C. and Minniti 76–7, 168, 394, 399, 400, 402, 404–5, 408–9, 410, 411, 412, 418, 420

swordsmanship: of C. 16, 165–7, 322; in Milan 16, 17

symbolism: in
Bacchus
154–5; in the
Basket of Fruit
135–6, 137, 224; in
Boy with a Basket of Fruit
87–90, 90–91; in
Boy Bitten by a Lizard
93–7; in classical myth 84–5, 155; feet 233; in
Omnia vincit amor
243–4; in Ripa’s
Iconologia
107–8; in
St John the Baptist
(1602) 228; sexual 96–7, 243–4; in the
Sick Bacchus
84–5

Symonds, Richard, comments on
Omnia vincit amor
247–8

Syracuse 392, 393–402; the ‘Ear of Dionysus’ 400–402; St Lucy altarpiece commissioned 394–5

Tassi, Agostino 168–70, 172, 183, 443

Tassis y Peralta, Juan de, Conde de Villamediana 344

Taverna, Ferrante (Governor of Rome) 254, 267

Taxi Driver
(Scorsese) 441, 442

tenebrism
see
darkness and light

Teresa of Avila, St 89, 148–9, 150

terracotta sculpture 40

Tertullian 200

Theatines 152

theatre: in C.’s paintings 105, 107–10, 185, 274, 292–3; religious spectacle 36–7, 39–40, 50–51

Tintoretto, Jacopo: light and dark 64–5, 184;
The Virgin Appearing to St Jerome
237

Tirelli, Antonio (deacon of St Peters) 305

Titian 114; Peterzano a pupil of 54; use of colour 64;
Adoration of the Magi
35;
Bacchus and Ariadne
85, Plate 15;
Le Concert Champêtre
126, Plate 22;
St Peter Martyr
201

Tolentino, lost altarpiece by C. 269–70

Tomassino, Alfonso (Judge), Baglione libel case 254–67

Tomassoni clan: looking for C. 334; responsibility for C.’s
sfregiato
suggested 418–19