Read Civil War: The History of England Volume III Online
Authors: Peter Ackroyd
Lauder, Sir John,
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Lauderdale, John Maitland, 1st duke (
earlier
2nd earl) of,
ref1
,
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,
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learning: Bacon on,
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Leeds: captured by royalists,
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Legate, Matthew,
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Leicester, Robert Sidney, 2nd earl of,
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Leicester: Charles I storms,
ref1
Leighton, Alexander,
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Leslie, Alexander (
later
1st earl of Leven),
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,
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,
ref3
,
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,
ref5
Leslie, David (
later
baron Newark),
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L’Estrange, Roger,
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,
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,
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levellers,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Licensing Act (1662),
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‘Lillibulero’ (song),
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‘Little Parliament’,
see under
Parliament
local government: under Charles I,
ref1
; gentry and,
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Locke, John,
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London: plague (1603),
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,
ref2
; James I rides in state through (1604),
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; Tower’s defences strengthened,
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,
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,
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; described by contemporary writers,
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; hackney carriages,
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; City ordered to lend£200,000 to Charles I,
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; petitions parliament for church reformation,
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; Suckling’s party attempts to breach,
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; Charles I’s procession in (1641),
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; common court elections (1641),
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; civil disorder,
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; Charles loses loyalty,
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; stands against royalist forces,
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; defences erected in civil war,
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; royalist supports in,
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; merchants,
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; mob intimidates parliament,
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; New Model Army marches on,
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; dress and fashion,
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; houses and furniture,
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; Pepys on life in,
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; Great Plague (1665),
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; Great Fire (1666),
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; ‘bawdy house riots’ (1668),
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; Charles II investigates City Charter and privileges,
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; James II returns Charter,
ref29
;
see also
Whitehall
London Gazette
,
ref1
Londonderry,
ref1
‘London’s Defiance to Rome’ (pamphlet),
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‘Long Parliament’,
see under
Parliament
Lord of Misrule (custom),
ref1
Lords, House of: Charles I defends Buckingham in,
ref1
; bishops in,
ref2
; differences with Commons,
ref3
;
see also
Parliament
Louis XIII, king of France: as possible ally against Spain,
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,
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; dislikes Buckingham,
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; and expulsion of Henrietta Maria’s attendants from England,
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; persecutes Huguenots,
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; promises toleration of Protestants,
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Louis XIV, king of France: Cromwell makes treaty with (1655),
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; praises Cromwell,
ref2
; and monarchy under Charles II,
ref3
; ambitions and absolutism,
ref4
,
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; declares war on England (1666),
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; defensive treaty with Dutch,
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; Charles II’s relations with,
ref8
,
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,
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,
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; and England in Triple Alliance,
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; subsidies to Charles II,
ref13
,
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,
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,
ref16
; inactivity at battle of the Texel,
ref17
; makes peace with United Provinces,
ref18
; pays out bribes,
ref19
; hostility to Danby,
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; sends money to James II,
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; amity with James II,
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; warns James II of prospective invasion by William of Orange,
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Love, Christopher,
ref1
Lovelace, Richard,
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Love’s Triumph
(masque by Inigo Jones and Ben Jonson),
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Lowe, Roger,
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Lowestoft, battle of (1665),
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Lunsford, Thomas,
ref1
Lutter, battle of (1626),
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Macaulay, Thomas Babington, baron,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
;
History of England
,
ref6
Mackintosh, James:
Eminent British Statesmen
,
ref1
Magalotti, Lorenzo,
ref1
Magdalen College, Oxford,
ref1
,
ref2
Manchester, Edward Montagu, 2nd earl of (
earlier
viscount Mandeville),
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
Manchester: first death in civil war,
ref1
Mandeville, viscount
see
Manchester, 2nd earl of
Mansfeld, Ernest, count of,
ref1
Mantegna, Andrea:
The Triumph of Caesar
(painting),
ref1
Maria Anna, infanta of Spain,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
Marie de’ Medici, queen of France,
ref1
Marlborough, Wiltshire: falls to Charles,
ref1
Marlowe, Christopher,
ref1
Marston Moor, battle of (1644),
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
Marvell, Andrew,
ref1
,
ref2
; ‘The First Anniversary of the Government under O.C.’,
ref3
; ‘An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland’,
ref4
; ‘A Poem upon the Death of O.C.’,
ref5
Mary, princess: marriage to William of Orange,
ref1
,
ref2
; designated as regent,
ref3
; Protestantism,
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Mary of Modena, wife of James II: marriage,
ref1
; pregnancy and birth of son,
ref2
; William of Orange opposes,
ref3
; escapes to Calais,
ref4
Mary Queen of Scots,
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,
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,
ref3
Mason, Captain,
ref1
Mather, Richard,
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Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor,
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Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria,
ref1
May, Humphrey,
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Mayflower
(ship),
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Maynard, Joseph,
ref1
maypoles: reintroduced (1660),
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Mazarin, Cardinal Jules,
ref1
Mead, Joseph,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
Meade, Revd Joseph,
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Meres, Sir Thomas,
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Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, 1st earl of,
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Middleton, Thomas:
A Game at Chess
(play),
ref1
Militia Act (1663),
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millenary petition (1603),
ref1
,
ref2
Milton, John,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
;
Areopagitica
,
ref7
;
The Reason of Church Government
,
ref8
Monck, George (
later
1st duke of Albemarle): in Scotland,
ref1
; and dispute between army and parliament,
ref2
,
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; marches into England and intervenes in parliament,
ref4
; and Charles II’s restoration,
ref5
; meets Charles II on return to England,
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Monmouth, James Scott, duke of: birth,
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; claim to throne,
ref2
,
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,
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; illegitimacy,
ref5
; victory at Bothwell Bridge,
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; returns to England from exile,
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; tour of West Country,
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; offers to act as surety to Shaftesbury,
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; implicated in Rye House Plot,
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; rebellion (1685),
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; beheaded,
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Monson, Henry,
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Monson, William,
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Montagu, Richard,
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Monteagle, William Parker, 4th baron,
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Montrose, James Graham, 5th earl (
later
1st marquess) of,
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More, John,
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Morland, Sir Samuel,
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Muggletonians (sect),
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Murray, Will,
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music: in James I’s reign,
ref1
; Pepys on,
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Mytens, Daniel,
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Nantes, Edict of: revoked (1685),
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Naseby, battle of (1645),
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navy
see
fleet (English)
Naylor, James,
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Nedham, Marchamont,
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Netherlands
see
Dutch Republic
Nethersole, Sir Francis,
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Neville, Christopher,
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‘new disease’ (fever),
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New Model Army: Cromwell forms,
ref1
; Fairfax commands,
ref2
; character,
ref3
; disbandment planned,
ref4
; petition of complaint to Fairfax,
ref5
; escorts Charles I from Holmby House,
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; recruited for service in Ireland,
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; arrears of pay granted by parliament,
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; dealings with Charles I,
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; proposals to Parliament,
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; marches on London,
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; demands representative parliament,
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; divided over fate of Charles I,
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; victory in second civil war,
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; demands death of Charles I,
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; status after king’s death,
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; disillusion with parliament,
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; petition of complaint to parliament,
ref18
; requests commanding officer,
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; conflict with parliament (1659),
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; dispersed under Charles II,
ref21
;
see also
army (English)
Newburn, battle of (1640),
ref1
, 206
Newbury: first battle of (1643),
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; second battle of (1644),
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Newcastle, William Cavendish, 1st earl (
later
duke) of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
Newcastle: surrenders to Scots (1640),
ref1
news: demand for under Charles II,
ref1
newsletters,
ref1
Newton, Sir Isaac,
ref1
;
De motu corporum in gyrum
,
ref2
Newton, Sir John,
ref1
nonconformists
see
dissenters
North, Roger,
ref1
Northampton, Henry Howard, 1st earl of,
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,
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,
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,
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Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th earl of,
ref1
,
ref2
Norwich, George Goring, 1st earl of,
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Nottingham: Charles I raises standard in,
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; Hutchinsons at,
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offices of state: holders,
ref1
Oglander, Sir John,
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Olivares, Gaspar de Guzman, countduke of,
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,
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opera: introduced into England,
ref1
optics,
ref1
Ormonde, James Butler, 1st duke of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
Otway, Thomas,
ref1
Overbury, Sir Thomas,
ref1
,
ref2
Oxford: parliament convened in (1626),
ref1
; Charles I and Henrietta Maria visit (1636),
ref2
; Charles I makes headquarters in,
ref3
,
ref4
; peace negotiations (February 1643),
ref5
; Charles I summons parliament of supporters (1644),
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; Charles I escapes from to Worcester,
ref7
; Fairfax besieges,
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; Charles II orders assembly in (1681),
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Oxford University: Laud reforms,
ref1
; James II interferes in,
ref2
Packe, Sir Christopher,
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Palatinate,
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,
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,
ref3
,
ref4
Palmer, Sir Geoffrey,
ref1
pamphleteering,
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Paris Garden (Southwark),
ref1
Parliament: James I opens (1604),
ref1
; relations with James I,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
,
ref8
; and Gunpowder Plot,
ref9
; business under James I,
ref10
; reconvened and dissolved (‘Addle Parliament’, 1614),
ref11
; meets (1621),
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; assembles (February 1624),
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; powers,
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; ‘Long’ (1640–60),
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,
ref16
,
ref17
; Charles I first calls,
ref18
; debates Charles I’s finances,
ref19
,
ref20
,
ref21
,
ref22
,
ref23
; reconvened in Oxford (1626),
ref24
; criticizes Buckingham,
ref25
,
ref26
; Charles I addresses,
ref27
,
ref28
; Charles I dissolves (1626),
ref29
; conflict with Charles I over sovereignty,
ref30
,
ref31
,
ref32
; opposes unlawful imprisonment,
ref33
; prorogued (1628),
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,
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; proceedings reported,
ref36
; opened (1629),
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; adjourns for eleven years (1629),
ref38
; nine members arrested and imprisoned,
ref39
; summoned and meets (‘stillborn parliament’, 1639–40),
ref40
; called (‘Short Parliament’, 1640),
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; work on renovation,
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; and Triennial Act,
ref43
,
ref44
; challenges Charles I,
ref45
,
ref46
,
ref47
; votes money to Scots,
ref48
; bill allowing staying in session until dissolution voted,
ref49
,
ref50
; rule,
ref51
; reassembles (October 1641),
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; and ‘Grand Remonstrance’,
ref53
; popular petitions to,
ref54
; prepares for war against Charles I,
ref55
; nineteen propositions to Charles I,
ref56
; sets up committee of safety for military preparations,
ref57
; army strength in civil war,
ref58
,
ref59
; wartime strategy,
ref60
; assumes supreme power (1643),
ref61
; committee of two kingdoms (with Scots),
ref62
,
ref63
; self-denying ordinance,
ref64
; sends propositions to Charles I,
ref65
; receives Large Petition from army supporters,
ref66
; and army discontent,
ref67
; grants arrears of pay to army,
ref68
; accepts army’s proposals,
ref69
; expels eleven Presbyterian members,
ref70
; treats with imprisoned Charles I,
ref71
; ‘Rump’,
ref72
,
ref73
,
ref74
; decides on trial of Charles I,
ref75
; constitution after Charles I’s death,
ref76
; dissolution (1653),
ref77
,
ref78
; army’s petition of complaint to,
ref79
; Cromwell reforms,
ref80
; ‘Little’ (‘Barebone’s’),
ref81
; Cromwell calls and dissolves (1654–5),
ref82
; business under Cromwell,
ref83
; second protectorate,
ref84
,
ref85
; conflict with army (1659),
ref86
; Rump expelled,
ref87
; Monck orders Rump to dissolve,
ref88
; and Charles II’s 1660 declaration from Breda,
ref89
; elected 1660 (‘Convention’),
ref90
; meets (1661; ‘Cavalier’),
ref91
,
ref92
,
ref93
,
ref94
; anger at Charles II’s declaration of indulgence,
ref95
; and Charles II’s expenses,
ref96
; reluctance to finance second Dutch War,
ref97
; Charles II prorogues (1674 & 1675),
ref98
,
ref99
; opposition to royal cause,
ref100
; reassembles (February 1677),
ref101
; differences with Charles II,
ref102
; grants £1 million to Charles II for war against France,
ref103
; Charles II dissolves ‘Cavalier’ ( January 1679),
ref104
,
ref105
; Charles II prorogues (1679),
ref106
; beginnings of party politics,
ref107
; dissolved (1679),
ref108
; and exclusion crisis,
ref109
; relations with James II,
ref110
,
ref111
;
see also
Commons, House of; elections (parliamentary); Lords, House of