Civil War: The History of England Volume III (78 page)

Lauder, Sir John,
ref1

Lauderdale, John Maitland, 1st duke (
earlier
2nd earl) of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

learning: Bacon on,
ref1

Leeds: captured by royalists,
ref1

Legate, Matthew,
ref1

Leicester, Robert Sidney, 2nd earl of,
ref1

Leicester: Charles I storms,
ref1

Leighton, Alexander,
ref1

Lenthall, William,
ref1
,
ref2

Leslie, Alexander (
later
1st earl of Leven),
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5

Leslie, David (
later
baron Newark),
ref1

L’Estrange, Roger,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

levellers,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5

Licensing Act (1662),
ref1

Lilburne, John,
ref1
,
ref2

‘Lillibulero’ (song),
ref1

‘Little Parliament’,
see under
Parliament

local government: under Charles I,
ref1
; gentry and,
ref2

Locke, John,
ref1

London: plague (1603),
ref1
,
ref2
; James I rides in state through (1604),
ref3
; Tower’s defences strengthened,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
; described by contemporary writers,
ref7
; hackney carriages,
ref8
; City ordered to lend£200,000 to Charles I,
ref9
; petitions parliament for church reformation,
ref10
; Suckling’s party attempts to breach,
ref11
; Charles I’s procession in (1641),
ref12
; common court elections (1641),
ref13
; civil disorder,
ref14
; Charles loses loyalty,
ref15
; stands against royalist forces,
ref16
; defences erected in civil war,
ref17
; royalist supports in,
ref18
; merchants,
ref19
; mob intimidates parliament,
ref20
; New Model Army marches on,
ref21
; dress and fashion,
ref22
; houses and furniture,
ref23
; Pepys on life in,
ref24
; Great Plague (1665),
ref25
; Great Fire (1666),
ref26
; ‘bawdy house riots’ (1668),
ref27
; Charles II investigates City Charter and privileges,
ref28
; James II returns Charter,
ref29
;
see also
Whitehall

London Gazette
,
ref1

Londonderry,
ref1

‘London’s Defiance to Rome’ (pamphlet),
ref1

‘Long Parliament’,
see under
Parliament

Lord of Misrule (custom),
ref1

Lords, House of: Charles I defends Buckingham in,
ref1
; bishops in,
ref2
; differences with Commons,
ref3
;
see also
Parliament

Louis XIII, king of France: as possible ally against Spain,
ref1
,
ref2
; dislikes Buckingham,
ref3
; and expulsion of Henrietta Maria’s attendants from England,
ref4
; persecutes Huguenots,
ref5
; promises toleration of Protestants,
ref6

Louis XIV, king of France: Cromwell makes treaty with (1655),
ref1
; praises Cromwell,
ref2
; and monarchy under Charles II,
ref3
; ambitions and absolutism,
ref4
,
ref5
; declares war on England (1666),
ref6
; defensive treaty with Dutch,
ref7
; Charles II’s relations with,
ref8
,
ref9
,
ref10
,
ref11
; and England in Triple Alliance,
ref12
; subsidies to Charles II,
ref13
,
ref14
,
ref15
,
ref16
; inactivity at battle of the Texel,
ref17
; makes peace with United Provinces,
ref18
; pays out bribes,
ref19
; hostility to Danby,
ref20
; sends money to James II,
ref21
; amity with James II,
ref22
; warns James II of prospective invasion by William of Orange,
ref23

Love, Christopher,
ref1

Lovelace, Richard,
ref1

Love’s Triumph
(masque by Inigo Jones and Ben Jonson),
ref1

Lowe, Roger,
ref1

Lowestoft, battle of (1665),
ref1

Lowther, Sir John,
ref1
,
ref2

Ludlow, Edmund,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Lunsford, Thomas,
ref1

Lutter, battle of (1626),
ref1

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, baron,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
;
History of England
,
ref6

Mackintosh, James:
Eminent British Statesmen
,
ref1

Magalotti, Lorenzo,
ref1

Magdalen College, Oxford,
ref1
,
ref2

Maidstone, John,
ref1
,
ref2

Manchester, Edward Montagu, 2nd earl of (
earlier
viscount Mandeville),
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Manchester: first death in civil war,
ref1

Mandeville, viscount
see
Manchester, 2nd earl of

Mansfeld, Ernest, count of,
ref1

Mantegna, Andrea:
The Triumph of Caesar
(painting),
ref1

Maria Anna, infanta of Spain,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Marie de’ Medici, queen of France,
ref1

Marlborough, Wiltshire: falls to Charles,
ref1

Marlowe, Christopher,
ref1

Marston Moor, battle of (1644),
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Marvell, Andrew,
ref1
,
ref2
; ‘The First Anniversary of the Government under O.C.’,
ref3
; ‘An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland’,
ref4
; ‘A Poem upon the Death of O.C.’,
ref5

Mary, princess: marriage to William of Orange,
ref1
,
ref2
; designated as regent,
ref3
; Protestantism,
ref4

Mary of Modena, wife of James II: marriage,
ref1
; pregnancy and birth of son,
ref2
; William of Orange opposes,
ref3
; escapes to Calais,
ref4

Mary Queen of Scots,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Mason, Captain,
ref1

masques,
ref1
,
ref2

Mather, Richard,
ref1

Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor,
ref1

Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria,
ref1

May, Humphrey,
ref1

Mayflower
(ship),
ref1

Maynard, Joseph,
ref1

maypoles: reintroduced (1660),
ref1

Mazarin, Cardinal Jules,
ref1

Mead, Joseph,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Meade, Revd Joseph,
ref1

melancholy,
ref1
,
ref2

Meres, Sir Thomas,
ref1

Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, 1st earl of,
ref1

Middleton, Thomas:
A Game at Chess
(play),
ref1

Militia Act (1663),
ref1

millenary petition (1603),
ref1
,
ref2

Milton, John,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
;
Areopagitica
,
ref7
;
The Reason of Church Government
,
ref8

Monck, George (
later
1st duke of Albemarle): in Scotland,
ref1
; and dispute between army and parliament,
ref2
,
ref3
; marches into England and intervenes in parliament,
ref4
; and Charles II’s restoration,
ref5
; meets Charles II on return to England,
ref6

Monmouth, James Scott, duke of: birth,
ref1
; claim to throne,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
; illegitimacy,
ref5
; victory at Bothwell Bridge,
ref6
; returns to England from exile,
ref7
; tour of West Country,
ref8
; offers to act as surety to Shaftesbury,
ref9
; implicated in Rye House Plot,
ref10
; rebellion (1685),
ref11
; beheaded,
ref12

monopolies,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Monson, Henry,
ref1

Monson, William,
ref1

Montagu, Ralph,
ref1
,
ref2

Montagu, Richard,
ref1

Monteagle, William Parker, 4th baron,
ref1

Montrose, James Graham, 5th earl (
later
1st marquess) of,
ref1

More, John,
ref1

Morland, Sir Samuel,
ref1

Muggletonians (sect),
ref1

Murray, Will,
ref1

music: in James I’s reign,
ref1
; Pepys on,
ref2

Mytens, Daniel,
ref1

Nantes, Edict of: revoked (1685),
ref1

Naseby, battle of (1645),
ref1

navy
see
fleet (English)

Naylor, James,
ref1

Nedham, Marchamont,
ref1

Netherlands
see
Dutch Republic

Nethersole, Sir Francis,
ref1

Neville, Christopher,
ref1

‘new disease’ (fever),
ref1

New Model Army: Cromwell forms,
ref1
; Fairfax commands,
ref2
; character,
ref3
; disbandment planned,
ref4
; petition of complaint to Fairfax,
ref5
; escorts Charles I from Holmby House,
ref6
; recruited for service in Ireland,
ref7
; arrears of pay granted by parliament,
ref8
; dealings with Charles I,
ref9
; proposals to Parliament,
ref10
; marches on London,
ref11
; demands representative parliament,
ref12
; divided over fate of Charles I,
ref13
; victory in second civil war,
ref14
; demands death of Charles I,
ref15
; status after king’s death,
ref16
; disillusion with parliament,
ref17
; petition of complaint to parliament,
ref18
; requests commanding officer,
ref19
; conflict with parliament (1659),
ref20
; dispersed under Charles II,
ref21
;
see also
army (English)

Newburn, battle of (1640),
ref1
, 206

Newbury: first battle of (1643),
ref1
; second battle of (1644),
ref2

Newcastle, William Cavendish, 1st earl (
later
duke) of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Newcastle: surrenders to Scots (1640),
ref1

news: demand for under Charles II,
ref1

newsletters,
ref1

Newton, Sir Isaac,
ref1
;
De motu corporum in gyrum
,
ref2

Newton, Sir John,
ref1

Nicholas, Edward,
ref1
,
ref2

nonconformists
see
dissenters

North, Roger,
ref1

Northampton, Henry Howard, 1st earl of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th earl of,
ref1
,
ref2

Norwich, George Goring, 1st earl of,
ref1

Nottingham: Charles I raises standard in,
ref1
; Hutchinsons at,
ref2

Oates, Titus,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

offices of state: holders,
ref1

Oglander, Sir John,
ref1

Olivares, Gaspar de Guzman, countduke of,
ref1
,
ref2

opera: introduced into England,
ref1

optics,
ref1

Ormonde, James Butler, 1st duke of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5

Otway, Thomas,
ref1

Overbury, Sir Thomas,
ref1
,
ref2

Oxford: parliament convened in (1626),
ref1
; Charles I and Henrietta Maria visit (1636),
ref2
; Charles I makes headquarters in,
ref3
,
ref4
; peace negotiations (February 1643),
ref5
; Charles I summons parliament of supporters (1644),
ref6
; Charles I escapes from to Worcester,
ref7
; Fairfax besieges,
ref8
; Charles II orders assembly in (1681),
ref9

Oxford University: Laud reforms,
ref1
; James II interferes in,
ref2

Packe, Sir Christopher,
ref1

Palatinate,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Palmer, Sir Geoffrey,
ref1

pamphleteering,
ref1

Paris Garden (Southwark),
ref1

Parliament: James I opens (1604),
ref1
; relations with James I,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
,
ref8
; and Gunpowder Plot,
ref9
; business under James I,
ref10
; reconvened and dissolved (‘Addle Parliament’, 1614),
ref11
; meets (1621),
ref12
; assembles (February 1624),
ref13
; powers,
ref14
; ‘Long’ (1640–60),
ref15
,
ref16
,
ref17
; Charles I first calls,
ref18
; debates Charles I’s finances,
ref19
,
ref20
,
ref21
,
ref22
,
ref23
; reconvened in Oxford (1626),
ref24
; criticizes Buckingham,
ref25
,
ref26
; Charles I addresses,
ref27
,
ref28
; Charles I dissolves (1626),
ref29
; conflict with Charles I over sovereignty,
ref30
,
ref31
,
ref32
; opposes unlawful imprisonment,
ref33
; prorogued (1628),
ref34
,
ref35
; proceedings reported,
ref36
; opened (1629),
ref37
; adjourns for eleven years (1629),
ref38
; nine members arrested and imprisoned,
ref39
; summoned and meets (‘stillborn parliament’, 1639–40),
ref40
; called (‘Short Parliament’, 1640),
ref41
; work on renovation,
ref42
; and Triennial Act,
ref43
,
ref44
; challenges Charles I,
ref45
,
ref46
,
ref47
; votes money to Scots,
ref48
; bill allowing staying in session until dissolution voted,
ref49
,
ref50
; rule,
ref51
; reassembles (October 1641),
ref52
; and ‘Grand Remonstrance’,
ref53
; popular petitions to,
ref54
; prepares for war against Charles I,
ref55
; nineteen propositions to Charles I,
ref56
; sets up committee of safety for military preparations,
ref57
; army strength in civil war,
ref58
,
ref59
; wartime strategy,
ref60
; assumes supreme power (1643),
ref61
; committee of two kingdoms (with Scots),
ref62
,
ref63
; self-denying ordinance,
ref64
; sends propositions to Charles I,
ref65
; receives Large Petition from army supporters,
ref66
; and army discontent,
ref67
; grants arrears of pay to army,
ref68
; accepts army’s proposals,
ref69
; expels eleven Presbyterian members,
ref70
; treats with imprisoned Charles I,
ref71
; ‘Rump’,
ref72
,
ref73
,
ref74
; decides on trial of Charles I,
ref75
; constitution after Charles I’s death,
ref76
; dissolution (1653),
ref77
,
ref78
; army’s petition of complaint to,
ref79
; Cromwell reforms,
ref80
; ‘Little’ (‘Barebone’s’),
ref81
; Cromwell calls and dissolves (1654–5),
ref82
; business under Cromwell,
ref83
; second protectorate,
ref84
,
ref85
; conflict with army (1659),
ref86
; Rump expelled,
ref87
; Monck orders Rump to dissolve,
ref88
; and Charles II’s 1660 declaration from Breda,
ref89
; elected 1660 (‘Convention’),
ref90
; meets (1661; ‘Cavalier’),
ref91
,
ref92
,
ref93
,
ref94
; anger at Charles II’s declaration of indulgence,
ref95
; and Charles II’s expenses,
ref96
; reluctance to finance second Dutch War,
ref97
; Charles II prorogues (1674 & 1675),
ref98
,
ref99
; opposition to royal cause,
ref100
; reassembles (February 1677),
ref101
; differences with Charles II,
ref102
; grants £1 million to Charles II for war against France,
ref103
; Charles II dissolves ‘Cavalier’ ( January 1679),
ref104
,
ref105
; Charles II prorogues (1679),
ref106
; beginnings of party politics,
ref107
; dissolved (1679),
ref108
; and exclusion crisis,
ref109
; relations with James II,
ref110
,
ref111
;
see also
Commons, House of; elections (parliamentary); Lords, House of