Read Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt Online
Authors: Joyce Tyldesley
Tags: #History, #Ancient, #Egypt, #Biography & Autobiography, #Presidents & Heads of State
sporadic foreign campaigns
223
refines taxation structure
223
building works
88
,
126
,
223–4
marriage to Arsinoë II
46
,
133
,
224
,
225
royal cults
38
,
224
commissions a history of Egypt
224
an inveterate womaniser
84–5
dynastic obelisk
91
designated a living god
134
plays a joke on Sosibios
156–7
Cleopatra regains his lost eastern empire
162
Ptolemy III Euergetes (Benefactor), King of Egypt (246–221)
10
,
25
,
161
,
224
,
226
building achievements
90
,
126
,
225
series of native uprisings at end of his reign
14
,
225
Ptolemy IV Philopator (Father-Loving), King of Egypt (221–205)
77
,
78
married to his younger sister, Arsinoë III
226
his mistress Agathoclea
226
defends Egypt against Antiochos III
226
improves and extends temples
226
an enthusiastic scholar
226
deeply unpopular
226–7
native revolts during his reign
14
,
227
his magnificent barge
99–100
Adonis
226
Ptolemy V Epiphanes (Manifest God), King of Egypt (205–180)
guardians of
227
rebellion in the Delta
227
agreement with the Egyptian priesthood
227–8
marriage to Cleopatra I
25
,
228
southern uprisings
14
loss of many foreign territories
228
death
136
,
228
Ptolemy VI Philometor (Mother-Loving), King of Egypt (180–164, 163–145)
137
regents for
136
,
229
triumvirate of Ptolemies VI and VIII with Cleopatra II
229
captured by Antiochos IV
229
rival courts
229
distracted by civil unrest
229
flees to Rome, then Cyprus
229
returns to rule with Cleopatra II
230
temple restorations
230
regains many of Egypt’s lost territories
230
dies in battle in Syria
230
,
231
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (New Father-Loving), King of Egypt (145)
230
,
232
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Benefactor): ‘Physcon’ (Pot-Belly) or ‘Kakergetes’ (Malefactor), King of Egypt (170–163,
145–116
)
11
,
38
,
62
,
126
rules Egypt with Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II
137
,
229
,
230
seizes the throne and rules with Cleopatra II
229
,
230
Alexandrian mob turns against him
229–30
highly unpopular king of Cyrenaica
230
friendship with Rome
230–31
attempted assassination
231
purges the Museion and Library of Alexandria
83
,
231
marries his widowed sister and murders her son
230
,
231–2
ménage à trois with Cleopatras II and III
137–8
,
231
,
232
exiled in Cyprus
231
,
232
returns to Egypt (130)
231
,
232
story of murderous elephants
77
appearance
83
donations to traditional gods
127
death and inheritance
231
Ptolemy IX Soter II (Saviour): ‘Latyros’ (Chickpea), King of Egypt (116–107, 88–81)
11
,
31
,
231
marries Cleopatra IV, then Cleopatra Selene
233
driven out by Alexandrians
78
rules Cyprus
233
returns to rule Egypt
233
death of
10
,
11
Ptolemy X Alexander I, King of Egypt (107–88)
24
murders his mother and marries his niece
233
favourable treatment of the Jews
233
seizes Alexander’s gold coffin
74
forced to flee
233
wills the Egyptian empire to the Romans
11
,
35
,
233–4
Ptolemy XI Alexander II, King of Egypt (80)
marries Cleopatra Berenice
10
murders his wife
11
,
234
killed by the people of Alexandria
11
,
78
,
234
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (New Dionysos): ‘Auletes’ (Flute Player), King of Egypt (80–58, 55–51)
8
,
33
,
57
,
62
,
155
,
201
Cleopatra VII’s father
7
identification with Dionysos
11
,
12
,
139
crowned (76)
11
,
141
nicknames
13
marriage to Cleopatra V
23
task of preserving a dying dynasty
234–5
cooperation with Rome
34
levies stringent taxes
34
,
38
,
235
buys a few more years independence for Egypt
34
borrows from Rabirius
34
,
52
Berenice IV rules in his absence
35
,
235
restored to his throne
37
,
235
,
236
execution of Berenice IV
37
,
236
illegitimacy
27
manages to preserve his throne
40
investment in traditional temple building
40
,
121
,
126
,
244
n
21
donations to traditional gods
127
and Pasherenptah III
141
,
142
death
39
,
42
his will
39–40
,
43
,
49
,
58
Ptolemy XIII, King of Egypt (51–47)
8
,
27
,
32
,
95
,
122
,
170
,
235
, 467
education
32
joint reign with Cleopatra VII
5
,
40
,
42
,
44
,
46
,
58
,
94
,
237
decision to help Gnaeus Pompey
47–8
retrospectively claims sole rule
48
Pompey as his legal guardian
49
and murder of Pompey
51
,
237
controlled by a clique of advisers
53
bluffs Caesar
97
drowns
97
,
237
an imposter’s claim
155
Ptolemy XIV, King of Egypt (47–44)
8
,
27
,
95
,
106
,
122
,
170
,
235
king of Cyprus
58
,
237