Coming of Age in the Milky Way (83 page)

Read Coming of Age in the Milky Way Online

Authors: Timothy Ferris

Tags: #Science, #Philosophy, #Space and time, #Cosmology, #Science - History, #Astronomy, #Metaphysics, #History

—————.
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I
NDEX
 

The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.

Aberration of starlight, 139

Absorption lines, 164

Abstract symmetries, 305–307

Accelerators, 318–326, 333, 336, 340–341, 347

proton-antiproton collider, 324–326

superconducting super collider, 326, 340

Aether, 69, 178–181, 351

Aether drift theory, 188, 192

Africa, 50–54

Age of the Earth, The
(Holmes), 251–252

Age of the universe, 214

Christian scholars’ estimate of, 220–221

Darwinism and, 245–246, 254

scientific age-dating and, 221–229

Aldebaran (bright star), 61, 165

Alexander the Great, 27, 40, 219

Alpha Centauri, 371

parallax of, 139–140

Alpha particles, 250, 256

Alpher, Ralph, 213, 214

American Indians, 22, 48

American Viking project, 370, 371

Analytical geometry, 110

Anaxagoras, 33–34

Andromeda nebula, 146, 158, 166, 167, 172, 175

novae and stars in, 172–173

Animal breeding, 236
n
-237
n

Anthropic principle, 355–356, 394

Antimatter, 308, 322

Antiprotons, 322, 323–324

Antiquarks, 344

Apartness, delusion of, 289

Archimedes, 36–49, 62, 81, 85

Aristarchus of Samos, 35–36, 37–38, 43, 59, 64, 140

Aristotle, 31, 40, 56, 62, 64, 65, 67n, 70, 71, 75, 144

conception of time of, 217, 218, 219

cosmological observations of, 27–28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 69

the earth and, 69

inertia and, 92–94

law of falling bodies and, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94

Assayer, The
(Galileo), 98

Astrolabe, 128

Astronomical units, 124–125, 130, 135–136, 137

mean distances of the planets from the sun (est.), 124

Astronomy, 367

ancients’ use of, 19–25

extragalactic, 154–157

radio, 213–214

terrestrial explorations and, 20–21, 47–49, 52

Astrophysics, 144, 165, 168, 367

Asymmetries, 313

Atomism, 99n, 106

Atoms

Bohr model of, 258

cosmic element abundance curve and, 277

early-universe theory and, 343

principal constituents of, 256

quantum mechanics and, 257

stellar energy and, 256

Avoidance effect in nebulae, 166

Azurara, Gomez Eannes de, 55

Baade, Walter, 171, 173–174

Banks, Walter, 134, 135

Beagle
(Darwin’s ship), 229, 232, 233, 235, 239

Becquerel, Henri, 249, 255

Bellarmine, Cardinal Robert, 97, 98, 100

Bernstein, Jeremy, 264

Beryllium, 276, 278–279

Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, 139, 140

Besso, Michele Angelo, 190, 191, 203

Beta decay, 264, 312

Bethe, Hans, 252, 263–264, 278,327

Big bang, 211, 212, 213, 214, 277, 279

fusion of elements in, 272–275, 281

as giant accelerator, 347

inflationary universe hypothesis and, 359

particle physics-cosmology link and, 336–337

Big Dipper, 21, 48

Big galaxy hypothesis, 171, 172

Binary star systems, 81

Black-body curve, 286

Black holes, 204, 348, 361–362, 390

Blue giant stars, 70

Boethius, Ancius, 33, 43–44

Bohr, Niels, 285, 288, 290, 313, 356, 364, 381, 384n, 386

electrons and, 257–258

Born, Max, 285, 290

Bose, Satyendra Nath, 292

Bosons (integer spin particles), 292–293, 352–353

fermions and, 328

Bradley, James, 137–139, 154, 155, 178
n

Brahe, Tycho,
see
Tycho

Bright nebulae, 143–144

Brown dwarf stars, 348

Bruno, Giordano, 86, 369–370

Buffon, Georges, 225, 246, 247

Bunsen, Robert, 164, 165

Burbidge, Geoffrey and Margaret, 276, 277, 278

Caccini, Thommaso, 96–97

Calculus, the, 106, 108–110

Californium-254, 276

Cannon, Annie Jump, 258–259

Carbon cycle for stellar nuclear fusion, 263, 264, 265, 272, 276, 278, 279

Carbon-14, 251

Cartan, Elie-Joseph, 311–312

Cartography, 127, 130

Cassini, Giovanni, 130, 134, 153

Catastrophism, 224–225, 227, 228, 229

Causation doctrine (origin of the universe), 350–351

Celestial harmony, Pythagorean doctrine of, 75–77

Cepheid variable stars, 169, 170, 172, 173, 208, 274, 390

CERN accelerator, 319, 320–321, 322, 325–326, 336, 347, 352–353

Chamberlin, Thomas Chrowder, 255, 256

Chemical elements,
see
Elements

China (ancient), 19, 52–54

Marco Polo’s travels to, 47, 49–50, 54

Christian cosmology, 220–229

Chronometry, 127, 129–130

Cicero, 40, 62

Clausius, Rudolf, 246

COBE satellite, 390–391

Cockroft, John, 319n

Cockroft-Walton generator, 319

Columbus, Christopher, 22, 47, 49, 54–59

Coma cluster, 174

Comets, 69–70

Tycho and, 70–73

Compound apochromatic lenses, 152

Constantine, Emperor, 65n, 220

Cook, Captain James, 134–135, 140, 280

Copernicus, Nicolaus, 20, 35, 59, 61–68, 98, 145

Galileo and, 88, 89, 90

mean distances of planets from the sun as measured by, 124

solar system and, 65–66, 123, 124

Copper, 279

Coral atolls, Darwin’s theory of origin of, 232–233, 234, 239, 253

Cosmic background radiation, 212
n
, 213–214, 390–391

Cosmic element abundance curve, 277, 278

Cosmic neutrinos, 344

Cosmogony, 211, 212, 349–366

inflationary universe hypothesis, 345, 356–360, 362

prescientific creation myths, 349–350

quantum genesis hypothesis, 351, 362–365

vacuum genesis hypothesis, 351–356, 361, 362

Cosmological constant, 205–206, 208

Coulomb barrier, 260, 262–263, 274, 352

penetration by protons of, 262, 264–265

quantum indeterminacy and, 288

Council of Nicaea (
A.D
. 325), 220

Creation estimated date of, 220–221

myths of, 349–350

Curie, Marie, 253n

Curie, Pierre, 252–253

Curtis, Heber, 167, 171–172

Cyclical time, 217–220

Da Gama, Vasco, 52, 54

Dark Ages, 44–45

Dark energy, 389–393

Dark matter, 347–348, 391–393

Dark nebulae, 144, 158

Darwin, Charles, 67, 68, 116, 225–226, 229, 231–253

Darwin, Erasmus, 235

Darwin, Robert, 233–234

Darwinism, 231–246, 254, 367, 368, 369

Darwinism (cont.)

nuclear fusion and, 248, 252–254

religious and scientific opposition to, 240–241, 244–245

Davy, Sir Humphry, 185, 186

Delusion of apartness, 289

Descartes, Rene, 106, 113, 370

De Sitter, Willem, 209
n
, 210, 211

Deuterium, 343

Dialogue … Concerning the Two Chief

World Systems, Ptolemaic and

Copernican
(Galileo), 98–99

Dialogues Concerning Two New

Sciences
(Galileo), 91, 100–101

Dicke, Robert, 213, 356, 357

Dirac, Paul, 182, 302, 308

Dixon, Jeremiah, 132–133

DNA macromolecules, 339

Doppler, Christian Johann, 207

Doppler shifts, astronomical use of, 207

Double stars, 168

“Down” quarks, 296, 312

Dwarf stars, 175, 259, 260, 348

lifetime of, 266–271

Dynamo, principle of, 188–189

Early-universe theories, 341–348

Earth age of catastrophism vs.

uniformitarianism, 225–229

nuclear fusion and, 248, 252–254

scientific age-dating, 221–229

thermodynamics and, 246–248, 254

ancient Greeks’ conception of, 26
n

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