Daughters of the Samurai: A Journey From East to West and Back (40 page)

87
  “the wonderful recuperative powers”: “Our Oriental Visitors,”
Chicago Tribune
, February 27, 1872.

87
  “the first money contribution”: [No title],
Chicago Tribune
, February 29, 1872.

87
  “little almond-eyed gentlemen”: “The Views of Young Japan,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, February 28, 1872.

88
  with drivers on each car blowing horns: Kume,
Japan Rising
, 54.

89
  “a Westerner born of Japan”: Ivan Parker Hall,
Mori Arinori
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973), 1.

89
  “The princesses”: “Our Japanese Visitors,”
Evening Star
, February 29, 1872.

89
  “What am I to do?”: Katharine McCook Knox,
Surprise Personalities in Georgetown, D.C.
(Washington, DC: author, 1958), 17–18.

90
  “It is said they parted”: “Georgetown Affairs,”
Daily National Republican
, March 2, 1872.

91
  Mrs. Hepburn: Coincidentally, Mrs. Hepburn’s brother-in-law, the medical missionary James Curtis Hepburn, was living at the time in Yokohama, where he ran a clinic and an English school. The Hepburn system for transliterating Japanese into the Roman alphabet is named for him.

91
  The scribe Kume: Kume,
Japan Rising
, 56.

91
  “the veritable ‘Japanese Tommy’ ”:
“Our Oriental Visitors,”
Evening Star
, March 1, 1872.

92
  “The separation between white and black”: Kume,
Japan Rising
, 63.

92
  “Did you see those Japs”: Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner,
The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today
(1873: New York: Library of America, 2002), 274.

92
  “the helmets worn by Roman warriors”: “The Japanese Embassy,”
Evening Star
, March 4, 1872.

92
  “upon which the Japanese were to walk”: “The Japanese Embassy,”
Daily National Republican
, March 5, 1872.

92
  “A confused idea”: “De Temporibus et Moribus,”
Vassar Miscellany
, April 1872, 47.

93
  “the members of the Embassy”: “The Japanese Embassy,”
Evening Star
, March 6, 1872.

93
  “It will be a pleasure”: “Japanese Embassy,”
Daily National Republican
, March 5, 1872.

93
  “Their mission is to be educated”: “Our Japanese Visitors,”
Evening Star
, February 29, 1872.

94
  “Ume, in particular, is quick”: Adeline Lanman to Hatsuko Tsuda, March 4, 1872, in Yoshiko Furuki,
The White Plum, a Biography of Ume Tsuda: Pioneer in the Higher Education of Japanese Women
(New York: Weatherhill, 1991), 20.

94
  “I wish you to understand”: Hatsuko Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, April 17, 1872, in Furuki,
White Plum
, 20.

95
  “They don’t understand”: Joseph Niijima to Mr. and Mrs. Hardy, March 5, 1872, in Arthur Sherburne Hardy,
Life and Letters of Joseph Hardy Neesima
(Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1891), 122.

95
  A gossip columnist: “The Japanese Ladies,”
New-York Times
, May 20, 1872.

95
  Miss Annie Loring: [No title],
Daily National Republican
, May 21, 1872.

96
  “First I am happy”: Ume Tsuda to Hatsuko Tsuda, May or June 1872, TCA, LT0002.

6:  
FINDING FAMILIES

97
  “everything passed off pleasantly”: “Farewell Entertainment to the Japanese Embassy,”
Evening Star
, July 27, 1872.

98
  “The ordinary dinner parties”: Charles Lanman, unpublished manuscript for a biography of Ume Tsuda, TCA, IV-6-1.

99
  “If these girls are not taught”: Kenjiro Yamakawa to Charles Lanman, June 8, 1872, TCA, IX-C-1.

100
  The response was overwhelming: Edward J. M. Rhoads,
Stepping Forth into the World: The Chinese Educational Mission to the United States, 1872–81
(Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2011), 49–50.

101
  Doctor after doctor: “The Japanese Girls,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, October 20, 1872.

101
  “I went to see Mrs. Van Name”: Rebecca Bacon to Leonard Bacon, July 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folders 162 and 164, YMA.

101
  “sunbeam from the land of the rising sun”: Charles Lanman, unpublished manuscript for a biography of Ume Tsuda, TCA, IV-6-1.

103
  “They don’t stand this climate”: Rebecca Bacon to Leonard Bacon, July 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folder 162, YMA.

103
  “Mrs. Hotchkiss suggests”: Ibid.

103
  Northrop’s original call: Rhoads,
Stepping Forth
, 64.

103
  “What we propose”: Leonard Bacon to Addison Van Name, August 12, 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folder 162, YMA.

103
  “However I beseech him”: Kenjiro Yamakawa to Addison Van Name, August 17, 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folder 162, YMA.

104
  “During their stay in the East”: “The Returning Japanese Young Women,”
New-York Times
, November 9, 1872.

104
  “My Dear American mother”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, 1872, TCA, I-B-2.

105
  “The two Japanese girls”: Leonard Bacon, date book, October 31, 1872, BFP, Box 2, Folder 6, YMA.

106
  “Mrs. Bacon and my daughters”: Leonard Bacon to Arinori Mori, October 31, 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folder 163, YMA.

106
  “I have all along regarded”: Theodore Bacon, ed.,
Delia Bacon: A Biographical Sketch
(Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1888), 310.

106
  “We expect them to acquire”: Leonard Bacon to Arinori Mori, October 31, 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folder 163, YMA.

107
  “We were sorry to part”: Leonard Bacon to Leonard W. Bacon, December 9, 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folder 163, YMA.

7:  
GROWING UP AMERICAN

108
  “and if they are aware”: Leonard Bacon to Leonard W. Bacon, December 9, 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folder 163, YMA.

108
  “Barnum’s great menagerie”: Leonard Bacon to Catherine Bacon, April 26, 1873, BFP, Box 9, Folder 165, YMA.

109
  “the Little Professor”: Carolyn Quick Tillary,
A Taste of Freedom: A Cookbook with Recipes and Remembrances from the Hampton Institute
(New York: Citadel Press, 2002), 59.

110
  “Cease your chatter”: in classmate Carrie’s autograph book, 1870–75, New Haven Museum, MSS 17, Box VI, Folder F.

111
  “I remember how”: Marian P. Whitney, “Stematz Yamakowa, Princess Oyama,”
Vassar Quarterly
, July 1919, 265.

111
  “Do you remember saying”: Yew Fun Tan to Catherine Bacon, September 18, 1874, BFP, Box 9, Folder 172, YMA.

112
  “Analyze the following sentence”:
Annual Report of the Board of Education of the New Haven City School District, for the Year Ending August 31, 1874
(New Haven, CT: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1874), 54–55.

113
  “As the mother is the guardian”: John S. C. Abbott,
The Mother at Home; or The Principles of Maternal Duty
(New York: American Tract Society, 1833), 2.

113
  “A single day’s absence”: “Private Day School for Young Ladies and Children,” pamphlet, 1876–77, New Haven Museum.

114
  In the summer: Sumie Ikuta,
Uryu Shigeko: Mo hitori no joshi ryugakusei
[Uriu Shigeko: One more female foreign student] (Tokyo: Bungei Shunju, 2009), 51–61.

114
  One memorable evening: Ibid., 56.

115
  “The fear of the Lord”: Ibid., 66.

115
  “unruly spirits”: Katsunobu Masuda,
Recollections of Admiral Baron Sotokichi Uriu, I. J. N.
(Tokyo: privately published, 1938), 3–6.

115
  What a lovely boy: Ikuta,
Uryu Shigeko
, 68.

116
  “Ume is as talkative as ever”: Sutematsu Yamakawa to Catherine Bacon, December 20, 1874, BFP, Box 9, Folder 174, YMA.

116
  “Dear Mrs. Lanman”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, 1872, TCA, I-B-3.

116
  “I dreamt that I went home”: Ume Tsuda to Hatsuko Tsuda, 1872, TCA, I-A-4.

117
  “I am always thinking”: Hatsuko Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, March 22, 1873, Dorothea Lynde Dix Additional Papers, 1866–87 (MS Am 2157), Houghton Library, Harvard University.

117
  The Lanmans enrolled Ume: Richard P. Jackson,
The Chronicles of Georgetown, D.C.: From 1751 to 1878
(Washington, DC: R. O. Polkinhorn, printer, 1878), 230.

117
  A neighbor child: Katharine McCook Knox,
Surprise Personalities in Georgetown, D.C.
(Washington, DC: author, 1958), 19.

117
  “She always decidedly objected”: Charles Lanman, unpublished manuscript for a biography of Ume Tsuda, TCA, IV-6-1.

117
  “A large number of premiums”: “The Collegiate Institute of Georgetown,”
Daily National Republican
, June 27, 1874.

118
  “If there is any merit”: Knox,
Surprise Personalities
, 34.

118
  Ume’s accomplishments: Ibid., 21.

118
  Kiyo Kawamura: Charles Lanman to Sen Tsuda, June 11, 1873, TCA, I'-1; Hatsuko Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, March 22, 1873, Dorothea Lynde Dix Additional Papers, 1866–87 (MS Am 2157), Houghton Library, Harvard University.

118
  “Mr. Yoshida said”: Ume Tsuda to Hatsuko Tsuda, January 20, 1875, TCA, I-A-7.

118
  “Ume herself was wont to say”: Charles Lanman, unpublished manuscript for a biography of Ume Tsuda, TCA, IV-6-1.

119
  “You asked me to write”: Ume Tsuda to Charles Lanman, May 21, 1875, TCA, I-B-4.

120
  “I think I have baptised”: Octavius Perinchief to Charles Lanman, July 12, 1873, in Charles Lanman,
Octavius Perinchief; His Life of Trial and Supreme Faith
(Washington, DC: James Anglim, 1879), 148.

120
  “Ume will be glad to know”: Sen Tsuda to Charles Lanman, July 10, 1875, TCA, I'-2.

120
  “You went away from us”: Koto Tsuda to Ume Tsuda, January 11, 1875, TCA, II-2-1.

121
  “O sir, she was a good child”: Charles Lanman, unpublished manuscript for a biography of Ume Tsuda, TCA, IV-6-1.

121
  “A kiss to your little Japanese ward”: Ume Tsuda,
The Writings of Umeko Tsuda
[
Tsuda Umeko monjo
] (Kodaira, Japan: Tsuda College, 1984), 510.

121
  “International Exhibition of Arts”: “Exhibition Facts,” Centennial Exhibition Digital Collection, Free Library of Philadelphia, 2001, http://libwww.freelibrary.org/CenCol/exhibitionfax.htm.

121
  “Have you been at the Centennial?”: William Dean Howells, “A Sennight of the Centennial,”
Atlantic Monthly
, July 1876, 92.

122
  “sooner or later lift the nation”: “The Centennial: The Government Exposition,”
New-York Times
, March 29, 1876.

122
  
The Dreaming Iolanthe
: Pamela H. Simpson, “Butter Cows and Butter Buildings,”
Winterthur Portfolio
, Spring 2007, 4.

122
  “Wherever else the national bird”: Howells, “Sennight,” 96.

122
  “Let the new cycle”: John Greenleaf Whittier, “Hymn Written for the Opening of the International Exhibition, Philadelphia, May 10, 1876,”
Atlantic Monthly
, June 1876, 744–45.

122
  “dragons, and mats”: “The Great Exposition,”
Hartford Courant
, May 18, 1876.

123
  “a plesaunce for a palace”: “Characteristics of the International Fair V,”
Atlantic Monthly
, December 1876, 733.

123
  “The quaint little people”: Robert W. Rydell,
All the World’s a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876–1916
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 30.

123
  In contrast, when 113 young members: Edward J. M. Rhoads,
Stepping Forth into the World: The Chinese Educational Mission to the United States, 1872–81
(Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2011), 109–13.

124
  “The first day crowds come”: Fukui Makoto,
Harper’s Weekly
, July 15, 1876, quoted in “Exhibition Facts—Period Testimony: Quotations & Random Thoughts,” Centennial Exhibition Digital Collection, Free Library of Philadelphia, 2001, http://libwww.library.phila.gov/CenCol/exh-testimony.htm.

124
  “The Main Building is one third of a mile”: Ume Tsuda to Miss Marion, July 18, 1876, TCA, I-C-1.

124
  The commencement exercises: Hillhouse High School graduation program, April 1877, Dana Collection 109, New Haven Museum.

125
  “I went to see Miss Abbott”: Rebecca Bacon to Catherine
Bacon, July 8, 1877, BFP, Box 9, Folder 195, YMA.

126
  fifty dollars to cover expenses: Saburo Takaki to Leonard Bacon, August 2, 1877, BFP, Box 9, Folder 195, YMA.

8:  
AT VASSAR

127
  “Most of us in Japan”: Stranger, “Japanese Children,”
Gleaner
, February 21, 1878.

128
  “I have never seen such a wonderful place”: Catherine Bacon to Leonard Bacon, June 5, 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folder 161, YMA.

128
  “I considered that the mothers”: Moses Tyler, “Vassar Female College,”
New Englander
, October 1862, 8.

129
  “heated by steam”: Ibid., 5.

129
  “I think of Alice constantly”: Catherine Bacon to Leonard Bacon, June 5, 1872, BFP, Box 9, Folder 161, YMA.

129
  They were the first nonwhite: Nearly twenty years later, in 1897, a scandal erupted on campus when it was discovered that one Anita Florence Hemmings, an outstanding student who had been voted class beauty, was the daughter of black parents and had been passing as white for four years. Her identity was revealed just weeks before graduation, but she was permitted to receive her diploma. Though a trickle of Japanese women studied at Vassar beginning in 1912, the college would not formally enroll another black student until 1940.