Authors: Nancy Rubin Stuart
Taylor, Alan.
The Divided Ground: Indians, Settlers, and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006.
———.
Liberty Men and Great Proprietors: The Revolutionary Settlement on the Maine Frontier, 1760–1820.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.
Taylor, J. G.
Some New Light on the Later Life and Last Resting Place of Benedict Arnold and of his wife, Margaret Shippen.
London: George White, 1931.
Thacher, James, MD.
Military Journal of the American Revolution.
Hartford, CT: Hurlbut, Williams & Company, 1862.
Thatcher, Lucy Knox. “Reminiscences of LFK Thatcher.” Henry Knox Exhibit, accession 4098(q), National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, Americana Collection, Washington, D.C.
Todd, Charles Burr.
The Real Benedict Arnold.
New York: A. S. Barnes & Co., 1903.
Trevelyan, George Otto.
The American Revolution
. Volume 4. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1907.
Van Arsdale, Edward H. “Pluckemin During the Revolution.” Unpublished manuscript. Bedminster, NJ: Clarence Dillon Library, April 8, 1976.
Van Doren, Mark.
Secret History of the American Revolution.
Clifton, NJ: Augustus M. Kelley, 1973.
Van Schaack, Henry C.
The
Life of Peter Van Schaack.
New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1897.
Wainwright, Nicholas B. “A Diary of Trifling Occurrences, Philadelphia, 1776–1778.”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
82 (1958): 411–65.
Walker, Lewis Burd. “Life of Margaret Shippen. Wife of Benedict Arnold,”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
, volume 24 (1900): 257–66, 401–29; volume 25, no. 4 (1901): 20–46, 145–90, 289–302, 452–97; volume 26 (1902): 71–80, 224–44, 322–34, 464–68.
Warren-Adams Letters: Being Chiefly a Correspondence among John Adams, Samuel Adams, and James Warren
, 1778–1814. Volumes 1 and 2. Massachusetts Historical Society, 1925.
Warren Family Letters and Papers: 1763–1814. 2 volumes. Charles Warren, ed. Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, MA.
Washington, George.
The Papers of George Washington: Colonial Series.
10 volumes. W. W. Abbott, Dorothy Twohig, and Philander D. Chase, eds. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983–1995.
———.
Writings.
John Rhodehamel, ed. New York: New American Library, 1997.
———.
The Writings of George Washington.
Volumes 7, 14, 17, 19, 20, and 26. John C. Fitzpatrick, ed. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931–1944.
———. “Letters from Headquarters, Feb. 16, 1779.”
The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799.
John C. Fitzpatrick, ed. American Memory Historical Collections, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Webb, Watson J.
Reminiscences of General Samuel B. Webb.
New York: Globe Stationery & Company, 1882.
Weig, Melvin J., and Vera B. Craig.
Morristown National Historical Park, New Jersey: A Military Capital of the American Revolution.
Historical Handbook Series, no. 7. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1950, repr. 1961.
Wharton, Anne Hollingsworth.
Through Colonial Doorways.
Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1893.
Wilson, Barry K.
Benedict Arnold: A Traitor in Our Midst.
Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001.
Wister, Sally.
Sally Wister’s Journal, a True Narrative: Being a Quaker Maiden’s Account of Her Experiences with Officers of the Continental Army, 1777–1778
. Bedford, MA: Applewood Books, 1902, repr. from the original.
Please note that page numbers are not accurate for the e-book edition.
Adams, Abigail, 5, 7, 166, 168
Adams, John, 7, 17, 144, 165; disgust for Quakers, 5; on Mount Pleasant estate, 53; on Ticonderoga cannons, 23–24; urges Henry’s promotion, 21–22
Adams, Samuel, 144
Alexander, William (Lord Stirling), 142
Allen, Isaac, 158
America
(privateer), 200
American Legion, 120, 138
American Loyalists, The
(Sabine), 205–206
American Notebooks
(Hawthorne), 207
American Revolution.
See also
specific battles
: Arnold’s name struck from all records of, 210; battles of fall, 1777, 33; campaign in Carolinas, 122–123; Lexington and Concord, 20–21; occupation of Boston, 24, 25; seizure of Ticonderoga cannons, 22–24
Amherst, Elizabeth, 135
Amherst, Jeffrey, 135
André, John, 76–77, 177; attempts to avoid capture, 104–105; brought to Arnold house, 101, 103, 105–106; buried at Westminster Abbey, 137; capture of, 95, 103, 104–105, 106; confession to Washington, 106; correspondence with Peggy, 63, 65–66, 68, 70–71; court-martial of, 113–114; as Deputy Adjutant General, 70–71; disappearance of, 94; drawings of Peggy, 5, 13; execution of, 115–116; failed communication with Arnold, 81–82; friendship with Gen. Clinton, 63, 113, 114–115; on Howe’s return to England, 8–9; identifies Arnold as “Monk,” 64; imprisoned at Mabie’s Tavern, 112; instructions for Arnold, 63–64; on life in Philadelphia, 7; meeting with Arnold, 89, 91–93; meeting with Knox, 13, 23; “millinery letter” to Peggy, 68, 109; mistrusts Arnold, 81, 93; negotiations with Arnold, 77–78; others’ defense of, 112–113; portrait of, 102; praised anonymously, 114; relationship with Peggy, 4, 13, 68, 211; report on Mischianza, 9, 10, 14; requests firing squad, 116; romance with Peggy Chew, 10, 13; Smith’s treatment of, 92–93, 104, 116
Anne-Cesar, Chevalier de la Luzerne, 75, 99
Arnold, Benedict, 15, 16, 23, 35, 42; accusations against, 47, 48, 51, 61, 126, 156, 158; American contempt for, 120–121, 123; American Legion of, 120, 138; appeal to Congress, 52; attacks of gout, 65, 123, 153–154; audience with George III, 135; at Battle of Quebec, 23; British contempt for, 136–137; burial and lost tomb of, 191, 210–211; burned in effigy, 109–110, 121, 158; burning of Richmond, 122; business enterprises of, 40, 41–42, 43, 47, 176, 188; caught in food riot, 69–70; compared to Nero, 126–127; courtship of Peggy Shippen, 45–46, 49–50; cultivation of influential friendships, 43; demand for protection from mobs, 70; demands for money from British, 67, 76–78, 92, 120, 138–139, 175–176; destruction of New London, 126–127; duel with Lauderdale, 174–175; enterprise in New Brunswick, 139, 140, 153–154, 155, 156; failed communication with André, 81–82; failed courtship of Betsy DeBlois, 30, 31, 35; failing health and death of, 190; financial reversals, 74–75, 77, 93–94, 155, 156, 158, 174, 187, 189; flight from capture, 97, 98, 106; flight to England, 130–131, 133; on Fort Ticonderoga, 22; at Freeman’s Farm, 34; French captivity, 176, 177; as governor of Philadelphia, 40–43; heroism of, 41, 45, 107; hurls insults at Franks, 90; identified as “Monk” by André, 64; illegal enterprises, 43, 48; information offered to André, 66–67; information passed to British, 87–88, 90; intimidation of Cahoon brothers, 91; land grant awarded to, 187, 209–210; letter in defense of André, 113; letters to Peggy, 46, 52, 98; letter to Washington, 98; luxurious lifestyle of, 43, 75, 136, 155, 187; meeting with André, 89, 91–93; narcissism of, 41; ordered to West Point, 79; passes issued by, 48, 92; on Peggy’s sensuality, 60; plans to switch allegiance, 62–63; portrait of, 38; possible illegitimate son of, 201; posthumous honors, 210, 211; pursuit of promotion, 30–31; quarrels over “prizes,” 123; quarrel with Smith, 93–94; refused post with East India Company, 138; refuses special command, 78–79; reply to Robinson’s letter, 90–91; reputation of, 61, 158, 191, 210; resentment against Washington, 40–41; resentment at slights, 34; scheme to command West Point, 76; seeks loan from French minister, 75; stay at Robinson’s country home, 88–89; “To the Inhabitants of America,” 119; “To the Officers and Soldiers. . .,” 120; tours West Point garrison, 77; views tomb of André, 137; visit to New Haven, 153; wedding to Peggy, 53–54.
See also
court-martial of Arnold
Arnold, Benedict, Jr. (son), 154, 158, 188, 201
Arnold, Edward Shippen “Neddy” (son), 79, 82, 112, 131, 188; birth of, 73; education of, 189; finances siblings’ education, 202, 209; service in British army, 203, 208
Arnold, George (son), 138, 157, 188; birth of, 155; early death of, 209; at military college, 203
Arnold, Hannah (sister), 53–54, 82; anger at being left in Philadelphia, 79–80; in New Brunswick, 154, 155, 158; Peggy’s support of, 203; resentment toward Peggy, 66
Arnold, Hayt, and Arnold, 154, 156
Arnold, Henry (son), 79, 154, 156, 158, 200, 209
Arnold, James (son), 131, 188; accomplishments of, 203; on Canadian land grant, 209–210; education of, 189; finances siblings’ education, 202, 209; outstanding bravery of, 209
Arnold, Margaret (daughter), 138
Arnold, Margaret “Peggy,” (
née
Shippen): on accusations against Benedict, 62; André’s description of, 9; André’s drawings of, 5, 13; begs father for money, 188; belief in Arnold’s innocence, 53; Benedict’s travel instructions for, 82–83; British regard for, 121–122; burial and lost tomb of, 210–211; character of, 5; children’s accomplished lives, 208–209; confession to Theodosia Prevost, 108; correspondence with André, 63, 65–66, 68, 70–71; courted by Benedict, 45–46; death from cancer, 203–204; depicted in novels and films, 212; disappointment at British departure, 15; doubts about marrying Benedict, 47; efforts to redeem Benedict’s reputation, 191; as enigmatic figure, 211–212; episodes of emotional distress, 79, 90, 99–100, 110–111, 116, 121, 140; escorted to parents’ home, 106–107; exiled from Pennsylvania, 111–112; fear of exposure as traitor, 95; fears for Benedict’s safety, 69, 70, 175; feigns madness, 95–97, 99–100; flight to England, 130–131, 133; flirtation with Livingston, 77, 80; frivolous complaints by, 40; on George Washington, 12; given pension by George III, 135, 174; growing independence of, 155–156; help passing letters to British, 78; hidden feelings about André’s death, 137–138; ill health of, 177, 188, 202; ill-treatment by patriots, 107, 157; life in London, 136, 138; news of Benedict’s capture, 176–177; nurses Varick, 94; payment of Benedict’s debts, 202–203; portrait of, 134; on portrait of her father, 177–178; pregnancies, 68, 72, 121, 123, 138, 139, 154–155; private letters published, 110; reliance on friends, 158–159; relocation to New Brunswick, 154–155; resilience and fortitude of, 138, 190–191, 200; saves locket given by André, 116; shrewd investments by, 174; sister-in-law’s resentment of, 66, 80; on sister’s wedding, 188; social life in New York, 123–124; social life in Philadelphia, 4, 5–6, 44–45; struggles to educate children, 187, 189; sympathetic to Benedict, 189–190; on unhappiness in marriage, 178; visit to Philadelphia, 156–157; wedding to Benedict, 53–54; widowhood of, 200–201; willfulness and temper of, 10–11, 50
Arnold, Margaret (
née
Mansfield) (first wife), 23, 66
Arnold, Richard (son), 154, 156, 158, 176–177, 200, 209
Arnold, Sophia Matilda (later Phipps) (daughter), 188, 202, 203; birth of, 139; burial and lost tomb of, 210, 211; help to finance siblings’ education, 209; illness of, 189; marriage of, 209
Arnold, William Fitch (son), 176, 188, 203, 209
Arsac, Charles-Henri-Louis d’ (Adm. Ternay), 87
Arsdale, John, 146
Articles of Confederation, 143
Bancroft, Dr., 150
Baring, Alexander (Baron Ashburton), 182
Baring, Francis, 181, 185, 196
Battersea Central Public Library (UK), 191, 210–211
Bauman, Sebastian, 103
Beale, Walter, 197
Beauvoir, Francois Jean, Marquis de Chastellux.
See
Chastellux, François-Jean de
Belmont house, 81, 82
Benedict Arnold: A Man of Honor
(TV drama), 212
Biddle, Clement, 37, 127, 130, 141
Biddle, Rebekkah, 127, 141
Bingham, Anne Willing, 167, 179, 181, 182–183
Bingham, William, 167, 170, 181, 182–183, 185, 196
Black, J., 6
Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England,
64
Bliss, Jonathan, 156, 158, 176, 187, 188
blizzards of 1779–1780, 72, 73
Boot Monument, 210
Boston: British occupation of, 24, 25; flight of Flucker family from, 24–25, 27; Knox homes in, 147, 149, 151; Ticonderoga cannons in, 24
Boston Latin School, 19, 169
Bowdoin, James, 153
Boyne
(British ship), 177
Breck, Samuel, 197
British army: attack on New York, 26; behavior of officers, 8, 13; capture of Philadelphia, 3–4, 7, 12, 33; conquest of Charleston, 87; departure from New York, 145–146; destruction of New London, 126–127; evacuation of Philadelphia, 15, 41, 42; occupation of Boston, 24, 25; occupation of Philadelphia, 4, 6–7, 8, 11, 12; prisoners slaughtered by, 126, 140–141; service of Arnold sons in, 203, 208
British navy, 79.
See also
specific ships
Bronson, Isaac, 101
Brook, John, 200
Bunch of Grapes tavern, 171
Burbeck, Henry, 24
Burd, Edmund “Neddy” (Peggy’s brother-in-law): on accusations against Peggy, 109; anger against Arnold, 111, 139; on condemnation of Arnold, 110; marriage to Betsy Shippen, 46–47; on Peggy’s exile, 112; on Peggy’s financial difficulties, 201; on Peggy’s marriage to Arnold, 49–50; visit to Peggy in London, 139
Burd, Elizabeth, “Betsy” (
née
Shippen) (Peggy’s sister), 12, 53, 204; marriage to Neddy Burd, 46–47; on Peggy’s marriage to Arnold, 49; Peggy’s visit with, 156, 157; on Philadelphia social life, 11–12
Burd, Peggy (Peggy’s niece), 157
Burd (Byrd), William (Peggy’s cousin-in-law), 12
Burgoyne, John, 15, 33
Burke, Edmund, 136
Burr, Aaron, 108
Cadwalader, John, 49
Cadwalader, Williamina Bond, 137
Cahoon, Joseph, 91
Cahoon, Samuel, 91
camp followers, 32–33
cannons (weaponry): firing on
Vulture,
92; of Fort Ticonderoga, 22–24; preparations to attack Yorktown, 127, 128; repositioned at West Point, 103