Read Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy Online

Authors: Raghuram G. Rajan

Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy (46 page)

fault lines: consequences of in future geological income inequality in United States as interaction of arm’s-length and relationship-based financial systems political reforms needed to address systemic trade imbalances

FDIC Improvement Act of

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
See
Freddie Mac

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

Federal National Mortgage Association.

See
Fannie Mae

Federal Reserve: Bernanke as chairman of Bernanke as governor of establishment of Greenspan as chairman of Greenspan put and healthy-economy mandate of independence of inflation-fighting policies of influence of interest-rate cuts by, interest-rate hikes by interest-rate policies of mistakes by mortgage-backed security purchases by objectives of political pressures on reforms of regulatory responsibilities of responses to recession of Survey of Consumer Finances

Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City

Feldstein, Martin

Ferguson, Niall

FHA.
See
Federal Housing Administration

financial crises: of Asian (1998) in India in Japan Mexican (1994) resilience of systems resources for managing
See also
fault lines

financial markets
See also
securitization; stock market

financial systems: arm’s length, competition in deregulation of of developing countries economic growth and incentives in innovation in monetary policy and public distrust of redundancy in reforms in regulation of relationship-based resilience of,
See also
banks; investment banks

firms: conglomerates differences between American and other political power of regulation of,
See also
banks

fiscal stimulus: discretionary in jobless recoveries Keynesian doctrine of Obama administration package (2009) political

pressure for in United States

FNMA (Federal National Mortgage Association).
See
Fannie Mae

food prices

foreign debt: of developing countries fickleness of financers, in foreign currencies, Mexican crisis (1994) reducing short-term

foreign exchange reserves: of China of developing countries

foreign investment: in developing countries in East Asia in mortgage-backed securities in U.S. government bonds

Formosa Plastics Group

France: annuities sold by monarchy automobile industry in energy consumption in health care costs in social welfare spending in state-owned enterprises in unemployment benefits in

Franklin, Benjamin

fraud

Freddie Mac (Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation): establishment of foreign investors in government takeover of lending to support housing prices losses of mandate of mortgage-backed securities issued by reforms of role in subprime crisis

free-enterprise capitalism

French, Ken

French Revolution

Frieden, Jeffry

Fuld, Richard

G-7 (Group of)

G-20 (Group of)

Gelband, Michael

Gender, Robert

General Motors

Germany: banks in energy consumption in export-led growth strategy of health care costs in Landesbanks in social welfare spending in unemployment benefits in Weimar Republic

Ginnie Mae (Government National Mortgage Association)

Glass-Steagall Act of

global economic governance reforms

GNMA (Government National Mortgage Association).
See
Ginnie Mae

Goldin, Claudia

Goldman Sachs

government bonds: foreign investors in, risk premium on

government intervention: attitudes toward corruption and in credit markets in early developers expectations of in financial systems in housing market in India limitations of managed capitalism strategy in market economies private sector influence on reducing risk taking and role in financial crisis state-owned enterprises unintended consequences of,
See also
exchange-rate policies; exportled growth strategies; regulation

Government National Mortgage Association.
See
Ginnie Mae

government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs).
See
Fannie Mae; Freddie Mac; Ginnie Mae

Grapes of Wrath
(Steinbeck)

Great Depression

greed

Greenspan, Alan

Greenspan put

growth.
See
economic growth; export-led

growth strategies

GSEs (government-sponsored enterprises).
See
Fannie Mae; Freddie

Mac; Ginnie Mae

Haitian earthquake

Hart, Robert M.

Hayek, Friedrich von

Head Start

health care: cost-efficiency of in developing countries medical tourism

health insurance: adverse-selection problem of costs of employment-based, in Europe reform act (2010)required subsidies for universal U.S. system of

Heckman, James

hedge funds

Henry VII, King

Heymath

higher education: business schools costs of enrollment assistance for future of graduation rates of relationship

to incomes

high school graduation rates,
See also
education

Hillery, Ruthie

HOLC.
See
Home Owner’s Loan Corporation

Holmes, Steven

home equity loans

home ownership: affordable housing mandate government policies to expand rates of tax credits

Home Owner’s Loan Corporation (HOLC)

Horioka, Charles

hospitals

Housing and Urban Development Department of (HUD)

housing market: boom in bust in credit expansion in demand in effects of low interest rates in government intervention in, historical evolution of oversupply in price increases in tax breaks in,
See also
mortgages; subprime mortgage market

Huang, Yasheng

HUD.
See
Housing and Urban Development, Department of human capital: access to components of definition of improving noncognitive skills training value of,
See also
education

IMF.
See
International Monetary Fund

immigration: effects on income inequality illegal

imports: of India of United States
See also
trade

incentives: in bureaucracies effects of unemployment benefits, in financial firms in governments reforms of

for risk-taking

income inequality: attitudes toward causes of increases in credit expansion and economic benefits of increases in policy responses to political pressure for easy credit and political pressure for economic stimulus and reducing

incomes: college premium financial institution compensation of hedge fund managers from investments in Kenya opportunities for increasing of physicians,
See also
economic growth; poverty; wages

India: British rule of central bank of conglomerates in economic growth of economic policies of energy consumption in exchange-rate policies of exports of financial crisis in government intervention in credit markets in health care costs inphysical capital in reforms in trade policies of

Indonesia: economic crisis in IMF loans to

industrial development: early developers in India late developers in Taiwan

inequality.
See
income inequality

infant-industry protection

inflation: in asset prices expectations of Federal Reserve policies and, relationship to unemployment in United States

innovation
See also
technological change

institutional economics

insurance: bond earthquake livelihood mortgage,
See also
health insurance; unemployment benefits

interest rates: on bank deposits in China consequences of low effects of expectations hypothesis and increases to fight inflation in Japan long-term low levels of on mortgages on savings short-term, spreads of Taylor rule and

International Monetary Fund (IMF): Asian financial crisis and conditionality of loans influence of Mexican loans (1994) policy coordination role of reforms in staff of, warnings about trade imbalances

Internet: communicating with public through distance education use in hiring

investment: bond holders boom in in China in East Asia housing incomes from in managed capitalist systems in physical capital relationship to saving,
See also
foreign

investment

investment banks
See also
banks

investment managers,
See also
hedge funds

Jackson Hole Conferences

Japan: central bank of competition in consumption in economic growth of education in elevator ladies in employment in energy consumption in exchange-rate policies of export-led growth strategy of exports of, financial bubble and crisis in health care costs in
keiretsus
in managed capitalism in

jobless recoveries: political pressure for economic stimulus during in United States

jobs.
See
employment; labor force

Johnson, Lyndon B.

JP Morgan

Katz, Lawrence

keiretsu
s

Kenya, government expenditures in

Keynes, John Maynard

labor force: migration of mobility of, protective legislation and resilience of skills of training women in,
See also
employment; income inequality; wages