Authors: Ira Katznelson
National Resources Planning Board (NRPB), 216–17, 372, 374–79, 380, 383, 621, 622, 624
budget of, 375–76
National Retail Council, 243
National Science Foundation (NSF), 409, 439, 454, 455, 456, 457
National Security Act (1947), 421, 422, 426, 438, 439, 440, 445, 447, 645–46
National Security Council (NSC), 409, 439, 441, 454, 465, 470
National Security Resources Board (NSRB), 409, 439, 441
national security state, 409, 444
National Union, German, 110
National War Labor Board, 343
National Youth Administration, 176, 216–17
nation states, 18–20
Native Son
(Wright), 14
Native Sons of the Golden West, 339
Navy, U.S., 99, 406
Navy Department, U.S., 214, 219, 436, 437–38, 454
Nazism, 40, 106–7, 474
Fascism as counterweight to, 93
Neal, Claude, 167
Negro Affairs for the Civilian Conservation Corps, 200
Negro Federal Workers Employees Union, 200
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 5
Nelson, Donald, 344
Netherlands, 70, 277, 418, 593
Neumann, Franz, 50
Neustadt, Richard, 654
Neutrality Acts, 280, 291–92, 293–95, 296–97, 299, 302, 305, 309, 335
New Deal, 32, 59, 342, 475–77
African Americans and, 176
anti-Semitic slurs against, 57
books and articles on, 3–4, 10
broad government powers required by, 122–23
capitalism rescued by, 92, 231, 272, 471
class consciousness and, 369–70
compared to Fascism, 56
cross-sectional coalition of, 22–24
democracy secured by, 9–10, 25, 50, 128
as drafted by executive, 123–24
economic growth in, 369
Eisenhower’s silence on, 473
failures of, 233–34
fear and, 36, 37–38, 43
historiography of, 35–37, 246–48
Lippmann’s criticism of, 44–45
modern relevance of, 10–11, 18–20
northern support for, 183
origin of term, 487
as partially shaped by South, 15–16, 17–18, 23, 24–25, 95, 127–29, 152, 155, 160–61, 163–64, 165, 252–53, 378–79, 471–72, 542
planning emphasized by, 352
pluralist form of democracy under, 370
public as tired of, 378
racial segregation and, 17–18, 159–62, 172, 545
radicalism of, 247–48, 370, 444, 477–78
role of government changed by, 18–20, 36
separation of powers and, 123–27
three phases of, 160–61
totalitarianism and, 235–36
uncertainty and, 34
worldwide importance of, 5–7, 25
New Deal, First, 35, 247, 248, 249, 444, 477–78, 576
New Deal, Second, 35, 247, 248, 249, 576
purpose of, 35
New Deal in Action, The, 1933–1937
(Schlesinger), 35–36
New Freedom, 145, 146, 158
New Mexico, 203
New Orleans, La., 183
New Republic,
6, 55, 118, 531
New School of Social Research, 49, 93, 297, 319, 369, 496
New South, 157
Newsweek,
197, 201
New York, N.Y., 177
NIRA parade in, 227–29
race riot in, 218
V-J Day celebrations in, 405–6
New Yorker, The
, 415
New York Herald Tribune,
ix, 36, 118
New York Times,
54–55, 64–65, 66, 67, 83, 90, 122, 123, 167, 198, 228, 229, 232, 265, 293, 309, 331, 336, 351, 393–94, 403, 406, 431, 480
New York World,
86
New Zealand, 42, 418
Nicholas II, Czar of Russia, 358
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 18, 114–15, 415
Nikitchenko, Iola, 59, 71–83, 92, 95, 512, 513, 518
Nikolayev, Leonid, 80
Nitze, Paul, 452
Nix, D. W., 92
Nixon, Richard, 143, 295, 609
NKVD, 80, 356–57
Noble’s Club, 80
Nolan, Dennis, 242, 569
Non-Aggression Pact, 41, 79, 83, 94
Norris, Greg, 147
North Africa, 314, 355
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 418, 452
North Carolina, 136, 211, 253, 304, 394, 426
Northern Ireland, 64
Northern Pacific Railway v. North Dakota,
335
North Korea, 418, 451, 470, 472
Norway, 70, 277, 418, 593
Nourse, Edwin, 381
NSC 20/4, 448
NSC-30, 448
NSC-68, 451–52
Nuremberg, Germany, 350
bombing of, 74–75, 513
Nuremberg Laws, 69, 74, 109, 283
Nuremberg Rally, 291
Nuremberg trials,
see
International Military Tribunal
Nye, Gerald, 292, 568, 591
nylon, 406
Oakes, Guy, 463
Oak Ridge Scientists, 461
O’Brien, John Patrick, 66
O’Daniel, Walter, 93, 189
“Ode to Stalin” (Mandelstam), 77
Odum, Howard, 43–44, 158, 160, 166, 168–69, 186–87
Office of Censorship, 338, 341, 354
Office of Civilian Defense (OCD), 338
Office of Defense Transportation (ODT), 338
Office of Economic Stabilization, 343
Office of Naval Intelligence, 326
Office of Naval Research (ONR), 456
Office of Price Administration (OPA), 343
Office of Production Management, 323, 376
Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), 323, 346, 347–48, 455, 642
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 322, 406–7, 436, 439
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, 139
Office of the Corps of Engineers,
349
Office of War Information (OWI), 321, 338, 341, 406
Office of War Mobilization, 343
Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, 380, 430, 435
Ogburn, W. F., 373–74
Ohio, 37, 136, 177
oil, 177, 184, 230, 245–46, 396
Oklahoma, 136
Oklahoma City Black Dispatch,
341–42
Old Regime and the French Revolution, The
(Tocqueville), 11
Omaheke desert, 42
Onthank, A. Heath, 242
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 346, 349, 351, 403, 404, 414, 420–21, 435, 453, 469, 482–84, 631, 638
Order 227, Soviet, 357
Order 270, Soviet, 357
Oregon, 339
Ortega y Gasset, José, 106
Orwell, George, 501
Osborn, Frederick, 420, 638
Oslo Powers, 593
Ottoman Empire, 42
Overman, Lee Slater, 326
Overseas Press Club, 413–14
Overton, John, 193, 538, 591
Overy, Richard, 108
Pacelli, Eugenio,
see
Pius XII, Pope
Page, Walter Hines, 145
Palmer, A. Mitchell, 325–26
Paperclip, Operation, 445
Parker, William, 157
parks, 88
Parliament, 41
parliamentary democracy, 12
Patman, Wright, 255–56
Patrick, Luther, 312
Patterson, James, 498
Patterson, Robert, 429–30
Patterson, Roscoe, 540
Patton, Nat, 212
Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on, 217, 281, 287, 309, 316, 320, 321, 328, 333, 335, 337, 348, 422, 428, 439
Peffer, Nathaniel, 47
Pei, Mario, 56
pellegra, 171
Pennsylvania, 177, 212
Pentagon, 19, 368
Pepper, Claude, 86, 144, 181, 207, 209, 210, 211, 266, 271, 308, 378, 395, 455, 538, 565, 587
Perkins, Frances, 228
Perman, Michael, 146, 552
Peronist populism, 40
Pershing, John, 311
Pétain, Marshal, 274
Phelps, Orme, 389
Philippines, 41
Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell, 136, 137–38, 535–36
phosphate, 288
Piatakov, Grigori, 517
Pieck, Wilhelm, 472
Pilet-Golaz, Marcel, 40–41
Pittman, Key, 293–94
Pittsburgh Courier,
221–22, 342, 589, 609
Pius XI, Pope, 65
Pius XII, Pope, 65
Plane Crazy,
62
Pledge of Allegiance, 481
Plessy v. Ferguson,
133
pluralism, 108
Plymouth, England, 41
pneumonia, 171
Poland, 75, 105, 195, 278, 289, 302, 351, 356, 360, 361, 362
Katyn massacre in, 83
Nazi invasion of, 32, 40, 70, 92, 274, 276, 301, 302, 310, 313, 327, 335–36
Polanyi, Karl, 476
police, 88
Politburo, 80
poll taxes, 84, 86, 134, 142, 199–200, 204, 205, 209, 210, 212–14, 215, 427, 564–65
Porter, David, 586
Portugal, 104, 105, 277, 418
Post, Wiley, 61
Postal Savings System, 255–56
Post Office, U.S., 342
post-rational politics, 105
Potsdam Conference, 361–62, 403, 411, 485–86
Pou, Edward, 238, 239
Pound, Ezra, 93
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 179, 342, 395
Power Elite, The
(Mills), 480–81
Pratt, John Lee, 595
Pratt, Joseph, 244
Pravda,
414
Price, Byron, 338
Price Control Act, 336
price controls, 216
price fixing, 241
prison reform, 84
Pritt, D. N., 517
Proclamation 2352, 335–36
Proclamation 2487, 336
production, 38
Progressive era, 162, 477
Progressive Party, U.S., 380
Prohibition, 149, 540, 578
property tests, 134
Prussian police, 98
Public Administrative Center, 93
Public Utility Holding Company Act, 162
Public Works Administration (PWA), 374
purge trials, Soviet, 77
racial mixing, 88, 141
racial violence, 39
in military, 218
racism, 7, 39, 42
see also
segregation
Radcliffe, George, 259, 387
Radek, Karl, 517
Radin, Max, 514
Radio Free Asia, 480
Radio Free Europe, 480
railroad regulations, 146
railroads, 391
Ramsay, Robert, 208, 211, 566
Ramspeck, Robert, 149, 459
Randolph, A. Philip, 138, 186, 386
Rankin, John, 85, 143, 178, 180–81, 198, 201, 203, 204, 205, 209–10, 214–15, 221, 253, 256, 368, 397, 427, 449–50, 644
Ransley, Harry, 236
Ras Desta Demtu, Prince of Ethiopia, 67
rationing, 216
Rayburn, Sam, 256, 257, 304, 329, 434, 444, 466, 475
Reagan, Patrick, 236
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA; 1934), 162, 252, 261, 264
Hull Trade Agreements Act (1934), 393
Reconstruction, 15, 90, 128, 133, 137, 140, 141, 142, 148, 157, 167, 177, 190, 283
Reconstruction Act, German (1934), 528
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 307
Record,
143
Red Army, 59, 72, 82, 195, 357, 359
Red Cross, 68, 139–40, 220
Reece, Brazilla Carroll, 569
Reed, David, 12
Reichstag, 98, 108–9, 110–11, 113, 528
Remington Rand, 398
Report for 1942–National Resources Development,
378
Report on Economic Conditions of the South,
170–72, 548–49
Republican National Committee, 202, 214
Republican Party, U.S.:
African American votes for, 148
comeback in 1938 of, 151–52
Southern Democrat’s alliance with, 16, 193–94, 216, 329–30, 389, 478
Republic Steel, 173
Research and Development Board, 439
Retraining and Reemployment Administration, 368
Reuther, Walter, 424
Revenue Acts, 162, 345
Revolutionary Legality in the Contemporary Period,
81
Reynolds, Robert “Bob,” 14, 240, 285, 316, 538, 588
Rhee, Syngman, 468–69
Rhode Island, 212
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 356
rice, 127, 264, 266
Rice, Stuart A., 543
Richardson, Robert, 97
Richberg, Donald, 232, 233, 237
Richmond Times-Dispatch,
157, 282, 589
Riefenstahl, Leni, 73
Riesman, David, 42, 46
right-to-work laws, 394, 396
risk, 33, 48, 51, 232
Risley, John Shuckburgh, 99–100, 523
Road to Serfdom, The
(Hayek), 374–75
Robertson, Donald, 627
Robinson, James Harvey, 104, 147
Robinson, Joseph, 163, 168, 266
Robinson, Samuel, 439
Rodgers, Daniel, 478
Rogers, Lindsay, 115–16
Romania, 105, 277
Rommel, Erwin, 214
Roos, Charles, 243
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 522
antilynching bill and, 167, 176
black rights supported by, 90, 167, 176
conscription defended by, 311
at luncheon for Balbo, 67
at NIRA parade, 228
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 48, 60, 71, 95, 348, 421, 423, 509
African American vote courted by, 178–79
antilynching bill and, 167, 168, 495
anti-Semitic slurs against, 57
arming of Britain and France promoted by, 302–4
Atlantic Charter issued by, 21
belligerants asked to avoid barbarism by, 351
broad powers desired by, 117–18, 121–23
call for collective mobilization by, 324–25
as coalition builder, 545
Cold War not foreseen by, 407
court-packing plan of, 151, 170, 178, 269
creation of NRA and, 228
“economic royalists” attacked by, 497
Economy Act desired by, 235
in election of 1932, 4, 85, 149, 150, 159, 249
in election of 1936, 265
in election of 1944, 217
federal government reorganized by, 93–94
FEPC created by, 218, 388
fireside chats of, 125, 195–96, 231, 236, 336–37
freedom valued by, 353–54
Hofstadter’s assessment of, 47
HUAC denounced by, 330
inauguration of, 5, 34–35, 37, 57, 98–99, 110, 112, 114, 115, 117, 120–22, 135, 196, 409, 471
internationalism of, 281, 287, 288
investigation of subversive desired by, 327
Lend-Lease pushed by, 306–7
limited emergency proclaimed by, 600
at luncheon for Balbo, 67
on meaning of World War II, 320–21
military buildup desired by, 274–75, 279, 281