Femininity (37 page)

hairstyles in,
59

prohibitions on women’s speech in,
114

Grimm brothers,
131
,
222

Grundy, Mrs.,
96

Gubichev, Valentin,
216
n

Guillaumin, Colette,
199

guilt, maternal,
214–15

Gunn, Fenja,
138
,
163

hair, hairstyles,
53–76

of Asians,
59
,
74
,
139

beehive,
62

blonde,
68–72

bobbing of,
62–64
,
89

coloring of,
56–57
,
70
,
71

dark,
70
,
71

“done,”
75
,
95

erotic value of,
60–61

facial,
66
,
129
,
138–41

“good” vs. “bad,”
72–73

long, for females,
55
,
57
,
58
,
59–61
,
66
,
67
,
73

long, for males,
56
,
59
,
66
,
74

parental function of,
143

premature graying of,
56–57

pubic,
142
,
143
,
153–56

racial differences in,
56
,
57–58
,
72–74
,
139

selling of,
62
,
63–64

sex differences in,
58
,
141

short, for females,
55
,
62–68
,
75

hair,
continued

short, for males,
57
,
58
,
74

as status symbol,
62
,
71

hairdressers,
55–56
,
74–75
,
76

Hall, Radclyffe,
93

hands,
177–80

care for,
179–80

motor coordination of,
177–79

occupied,
198–99

hara-kiri, by daughters of Samurai,
189

Harlow, Jean,
39
,
69
,
71–72

Harper, Ida Husted,
89

Harris, Jean,
216
n

Hatshepsut, Queen,
140

height,
25
,
27–31
,
71

average,
28–29

etiquette and,
29

Held, Anna,
46–47

Hellman, Lillian,
100

Henley, Nancy,
115
,
119
,
200

Henry, O.,
62
,
63

Henry VIII, King of England,
35
,
133

Herland
(Gilman),
65

heterosexual relationships, size factor in,
28–30

Hiatt, Mary,
125–26

Hippocrates,
211

hips,
27
,
29

large,
46
,
85

Hitler, Adolf,
117
,
164

Hoffman, Dustin,
122

Hollander, Anne,
37
,
154

homosexuality,
17
,
49
,
71
,
162
,
181

clothing and,
82
,
93
,
97–98

mothers and,
214–15
,
228

speech styles and,
116–17

Homosexual Matrix, The
(Tripp),
181

Home, Lena,
149–50

Howar, Barbara,
119

Hrdy, Sarah,
31

Huckleberry Finn
(Twain),
174

Hughes, Howard,
38

humor, masculine vs. feminine,
122–23

Humphrey, Hubert,
119

Hutchinson, Anne,
113–14

India, ideal skin in,
134

industrialization, clothing design and,
86–87
,
91

Ingres, Jean,
46
,
154

insecurity, feminine,
46
,
51
,
116

cosmetics and,
158–59

hairstyles and,
56
,
75–76

Iran, chador in,
96–97

Isaiah, Prophet,
184

Islam, women and,
96–97
,
153–54
,
155
,
217

Jacklin, Carol,
211

Jackson, Mahalia,
114

Japan:

feminine movement in,
189

feminine writing in,
124

hair in,
59
,
139

ideal skin in,
134

size of men in,
30

Jekyl, Gertrude,
92

Jenner, Edward,
138

Jespersen, Otto,
114
n

Jews:

orthodox,
61
,
111
,
134
n

pale skin of,
134
n

women,
61
,
111
,
217
,
227

writing of,
124

Joan of Arc,
92
,
190

Johnson, Luci Baines,
119

jokes, telling,
122–23

journalism:

gossip and,
120

sob-sister,
217

Kant, Immanuel,
109–10

Keaton, Diane,
93

Kellerman, Annette,
145

Kelly, Grace,
80

Kemble, Fanny,
93

Kennedy, Jacqueline,
47–48

Key, Mary Ritchie,
115

Kidwell, Claudia,
145

King, Martin Luther,
117

Kingston, Maxine Hong,
114–15

Korbut, Olga,
181

Kramerae, Chens,
115

Kunzle, David,
179

lace, black, sexiness of,
37–38

Lake, Veronica,
69
,
70

Lakoff, Robin,
115
,
118

language:

body,
121
,
197

grammatical gender in,
114
n law:

clothing allocated by,
86

in subjugation of women,
18
,
111–12
,
198
,
225

Lee, Mother Ann,
114

legs:

hair on,
142
,
143
,
144–47
,
156–157

of men vs. women,
83–84
,
176

spreading of,
155
,
188–89

Lenglen, Suzanne,
96

lesbians,
93
,
97

Lichtenstein, Grace,
195

Life
magazine,
69

Lippi, Filippo,
70

lipstick,
157
,
162–64
,
179

literature:

hair in,
62–64
,
72–74

women’s ambitions in,
229

Little Women
(Alcott),
63–64

Lombroso, Cesare,
144

Lorenz, Konrad,
197

lotus foot,
33–34

Louis XIV, King of France,
184

love,
17
,
213–16
,
221

as feminine province,
215–16

lovelorn, advice to,
217

Macbeth
(Shakespeare),
138

Maccoby, Eleanor,
211

McConnell-Ginet, Sally,
115

McPherson, Aimee Semple,
114

makeup,
see
cosmetics

Malinowski, Bronislaw,
155

Mansfield, Jayne,
47

Marble, Alice,
96

Marie Antoinette, Queen of France,
62

marriage veils,
97

Marshall, Joe and Elsie,
122

Marshall Field (department store),
66–67

Martin, Mary,
166

Marxism,
96
,
226

Mary, Virgin,
209
,
226–27

masculinity:

clothing and,
81–82
,
83–84
,
85
,
86
,
92
,
98
,
99

emotion and,
207
,
210
,
217–18

femininity contrasted with,
16
,
119

ideal form and,
27

size as component of,
27
,
28
,
29–30

speaking style and,
115–17
,
119

Medici, Catherine de,
35
,
190

Mehrabian, Albert,
197

men:

ambitions of,
229

braless women as viewed by,
45

breast fetish of,
41
,
43
,
44

breasts of,
45

competition among,
18
,
28
,
32

female competition for,
17
,
18
,
24–25
,
164

femininity as pleasing of,
15
,
16
,
29

femininity as reassuring to,
17
,
34

hair of,
56
,
57
,
58
,
59
,
66
,
74
,
156

homosexual,
17
,
49
,
71
,
97–98
,
116–17
,
162
,
181
,
214–15

sexual excitement of,
33
,
37

short,
29–30

women’s clothes and,
79
,
89
,
96–98

see also
masculinity

menstruation,
27
,
28

body fat and,
32

feminine movement and,
191
,
192–95

menstruation,
continued

inconvenience of,
194–95
,
211–12

sanitary protection and,
193–94

taboos and,
193
,
194

Menstruation and Menopause
(Weideger),
194

metabolism, of men vs. women,
49

Middle Ages,
141
,
189–90
,
198

clothing in,
83–84
,
86

flesh-tone conventions in,
133

punishment of women in,
112–13

midwifery,
225

Miller, Elizabeth Smith,
88–89

Milton, John,
61
,
111

miniskirts,
84–85
,
188

Minoan frescoes, leaping women in,
188

Miss America pageant,
24–25
,
212

models, as cultural ideal,
48–49

Modigliani, Amedeo,
154

Mohammed,
140

Monroe, Marilyn,
26
,
45
,
71–72

Montagu, Ashley,
28

Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley,
138

Moran, Gertrude (Gussie),
96

More, Saint Thomas,
112

Morris, Desmond,
44
,
143

Morris, Ivan,
134

Morris, James,
175–76

Morrison, Toni,
73

Mother Goddess,
224

mothers, motherhood,
25–26
,
99
,
155

ambition and,
221–31

evolutionary adaptations for,
31
,
32

feminizing mission of,
13
,
34
,
37–171

guilt of,
214–15

Jewish,
111
,
227

love of,
213–14
,
221

mortality of,
192

negative parables of,
227–28

nursing,
40
,
41
,
44–45
,
224

mouches, les
,
138

movement, feminine,
169–203
, of breasts,
40
,
42–43

clothing and,
36
,
83
,
84–86
,
95
,
183–87
,
198

masculine movement vs.,
174–176
,
177
,
180–81
,
199

politeness and,
201

shoes and,
183–87

subservience and,
197–98

Muskie, Edmund,
209

nail-growing,
179–80
,
185

Naked Ape, The
(Morris),
44
,
143

Nana
(Zola),
50
,
148

narcissism,
98
,
179

hair and,
73–74

Nixon, Patricia (Pat),
48
,
100

Nixon, Richard,
100

nudes:

ideal form of,
23–24
,
37
,
41
,
132
,
153–54

pubic hair of,
154–55

nudity, as feminine expression,
95–96

nuns:

shaving of,
61

“taking the veil” by,
97

Nureyev, Rudolph,
181

nurturance,
221–23

aggressive,
228

s
ee also
mothers, motherhood

O’Connor, Sandra Day,
102

odalisque style,
199–200

On Human Finery
(Bell),
84

orgasm, male vs. female,
213

Orlando
(Woolf),
94

Outlaw, The
,
38

Ovid,
143

pants,
80–84

as acceptable dress for women,
94–95