Read For the Thrill of It: Leopold, Loeb, and the Murder That Shocked Jazz Age Chicago Online
Authors: Simon Baatz
Tags: #General, #United States, #Biography, #Murder, #History, #Non-Fiction, #Biography & Autobiography, #20th Century, #Legal History, #Law, #True Crime, #State & Local, #Criminals & Outlaws, #Case studies, #Murderers, #Chicago, #WI), #Illinois, #Midwest (IA, #ND, #NE, #IL, #IN, #OH, #MO, #MN, #MI, #KS, #SD
11.
Clarence Darrow,
The Story of My Life
(New York: Scribner, 1932), 41.
12.
Paul Avrich,
The Haymarket Tragedy
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), 197–214.
13.
Ibid., 279, 375–378, 391–394.
14.
Ibid., 416–417, 419–421.
15.
S. J. Duncan-Clark, “Clarence Darrow Opens His Fight against the Death Penalty,”
Success
8 (December 1924): 28–31, 123.
16.
“To Cheat the Rope,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 22 March 1894.
17.
“Prendergast Shows No Emotion,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 22 March 1894.
18.
“Last Effort to Save His Life,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 March 1894; “Not to Hang Today,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 March 1894.
19.
“Scene in the Court,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 March 1894.
20.
Darrow,
Story of My Life
, 361.
21.
Ibid., 41, 96; John P. Altgeld,
Our Penal Machinery and Its Victims
, 2nd ed. (New York: A. C. McClurg, 1886), 21.
22.
Ray Ginger,
The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1949), 92–93, 101–107; Nick Salvatore,
Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982), 114–125.
23.
Ginger,
Bending Cross
, 108–147; Salvatore,
Eugene V. Debs
, 126–135.
24.
Ginger,
Bending Cross
, 164–167; Salvatore,
Eugene V. Debs
, 137–138.
25.
Irving Stone,
Clarence Darrow for the Defense: A Biography
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1941), 103–112.
26.
J. Anthony Lukas,
Big Trouble: A Murder in a Small Western Town Sets Off a Struggle for the Soul of America
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), 50–54, 108–109.
27.
Ibid., 70–72, 197–200, 255–262.
28.
Ibid., 707–711, 722–725.
29.
Geoffrey Cowan,
The People v. Clarence Darrow: The Bribery Trial of America’s Greatest Lawyer
(New York: Random House, 1993), 86–90, 101–109, 119–123, 137–138.
30.
Ibid., 246–255.
31.
Ibid., 279–283, 291–293, 429–433.
32.
Kevin Tierney,
Darrow: A Biography
(New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1979), 281, 291, 306–310.
33.
“Clarence Darrow to the Prisoners at Joliet,”
Everyman
11 (November 1915): 14–15.
34.
“Finger Prints Move Slayer to Confess,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 18 May 1915.
35.
“Coroner Holds Pethrick [
sic
] after New Confession,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 19 May 1915.
36.
Ibid.; “Will Try to Hang Pethrick [
sic
],”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 20 May 1915.
37.
“Women Doctors Find Pethick’s Mental Age 7,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 9 September 1915.
38.
Ibid.
39.
“Woman Lawyer to Defend Pethick,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 August 1915; “Three Medics to Examine Slayer,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 September 1915.
40.
“Finds Pethick’s Mind below Par,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 September 1915; “State Demands Sentence of Death for Pethick,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 28 September 1915; “Women See Lesson of Protection in Case of Pethick,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 29 September 1915.
41.
Robert M. Lee, “Half Wit Boy Admits Killing Rich Widow,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 29 April 1916; “Death Verdict for Hettinger; ‘I’ll Not Hang,’”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 30 September 1916.
42.
“Hettinger Boy Declines Pam’s Offer of Life,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 12 November 1916.
43.
“Hettinger Will Plead Guilty to Avoid Death,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 November 1916; “Mother’s Wish Moves Youth to Admit Murder,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 26 November 1916.
44.
In Illinois, the jury decides both the verdict and the sentence in capital cases.
45.
“Taunted Wife Shoots Husband in Courtroom,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 26 April 1919.
46.
Ibid.
47.
Maude Martin Evers, “Simpson Widow Quails before Pointing Hands,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 19 September 1919.
48.
“Cussin’ Cards Cited to Help Mrs. Simpson,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 21 September 1919; “Mrs. Simpson Insane 2 Years, Says Witness,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 20 September 1919.
49.
Maude Martin Evers, “Experts Differ on Insanity of Mrs. Simpson,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 September 1919.
50.
Maude Martin Evers, “Mrs. Simpson to Learn Fate by Noon Today,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 September 1919.
51.
Maude Martin Evers, “Mrs. Simpson Found Insane; Faces Asylum,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 26 September 1919; “Mrs. Simpson Goes to Begin Asylum Sentence,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 3 October 1919; “Woman Slayer of Husband Found Guilty,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 15 July 1921.
52.
Darrow,
Story of My Life
, 250, 428; Abe C. Ravitz,
Clarence Darrow and the American Literary Tradition
(Cleveland: Press of Western Reserve University, 1962), 6–12; John C. Livingston,
Clarence Darrow: The Mind of a Sentimental Rebel
(New York: Garland, 1988), 96–99.
53.
Clarence Darrow,
Crime: Its Cause and Treatment
(New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1922), v.
54.
Ibid., 31–32.
55.
Ibid., 32–33.
56.
Livingston,
Clarence Darrow
, xxix, 99–106.
57.
Darrow,
Crime
, 34–35.
58.
Percy F. Bicknell,
The Human Side of Fabre
(New York: Century, 1923); Augustin Fabre,
The Life of Jean Henri Fabre
, trans. Bernard Miall (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1923).
59.
Clarence S. Darrow,
Insects and Men: Instinct and Reason
(Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, 1921)
60.
Darrow,
Crime
, 46, 50.
61.
Ibid., 36.
CHAPTER 9: ROBERT CROWE
1.
“Is Death Penalty Crime Curb? Crowe and Gemmill Debate It,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 19 February 1928.
2.
“If You See This Girl Telephone ‘The Tribune,’”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 27 July 1919; “‘Sure Janet’s in Heaven,’ Mother, Told News, Sobs,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 28 July 1919; “New Evidence Tightens Net on Fitzgerald,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 27 July 1919.
3.
“Girl Vanishes; Kidnaping Feared,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 23 July 1919; “40 Hour Hunt Fails to Bare Clew to Child,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 July 1919.
4.
“Fitzgerald Is Kidnaper, Wife Says,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 25 July 1919; “Arrest Wife of Fitzgerald in Lost Girl Case,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 July 1919.
5.
“Full Confession by Slayer of Janet,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 28 July 1919.
6.
“Janet’s Slayer Must Hang, Say Prosecutors,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 28 July 1919.
7.
“Quick Trial of Janet’s Slayer Blocked by Law,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 29 July 1919; Editorial, “The Murder of Janet Wilkinson,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 29 July 1919.
8.
“Janet Buried; Playmates Are Pall-Bearers,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 29 July 1919; “Slayer Laments—The Riots as Janet Is Buried,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 30 July 1919.
9.
“‘Time Clock’ of Scientific Grilling Which Brings Confession,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 28 July 1919; “Fitzgerald in Daze as Murder Story Is Told,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 September 1919.
10.
“Fitzgerald in Daze.”
11.
“Judge Decrees Gallows Death for Fitzgerald,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 September 1919.
12.
Oscar E. Hewitt, “Crowe or Igoe? Both Are Young and Ambitious,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 17 September 1920.
13.
Ibid.
14.
Douglas Bukowski,
Big Bill Thompson, Chicago, and the Politics of Image
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 26–27; Lloyd Wendt and Herman Kogan,
Big Bill of Chicago
(New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1953), 113–114.
15.
“City Job for R. E. Crowe,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 June 1915.
16.
E. O. Phillips, “Thompson Slate Sweeps 34 Wards,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 14 April 1920.
17.
Hewitt, “Crowe or Igoe?”
18.
“Man Slain, 3 Kidnaped, Police Slugged at Polls,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 15 September 1920; Joe D. Salkeld, “Count Votes; Worker Slain,”
Chicago Daily Journal
, 15 September 1920.
19.
“Man Slain”; Salkeld, “Count Votes.”
20.
Editorial, “Mud and Money,”
Chicago Daily Journal
, 16 September 1920.
21.
“Thompson Cleans Up City,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 16 September 1920; “Mayor’s Rule Unquestioned,”
Chicago Daily Journal
, 16 September 1920; “Mayor’s County Ticket Makes a Clean Sweep,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 16 September 1920; “Party Leaders Face Big Task of Registration,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 4 October 1920.
22.
Hewitt, “Crowe or Igoe?”; “Chicago’s Blanket Ballot: In ‘Real Life’ It Is about a Yard Square,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 27 October 1920.
23.
“Hoyne Raps Igoe, Igoe Raps Hoyne, in Democrat Row,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 15 October 1920.
24.
“Crowe to Rival: None Can Serve God and Mammon,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 17 October 1920.
25.
“Crowe Raps Igoe Backers; Igoe Bombards City Hall,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 20 October 1920.
26.
“Crowe Urges Moron Curb; Igoe Assails Judge Ruling,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 October 1920; “Crowe Calls Igoe ‘Servant of Profiteers,’”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 19 October 1920; “Crowe Gets Strong Allies; Igoe Hears Good Reports,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 23 October 1920; “Crowe Gets O.K. from Judges of Chicago Courts,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 31 October 1920; “Crowe Gets New Support; Igoe Hits at City’s Crime,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 25 October 1920.