33
. Ibid.
CHAPTER 30. RISE OF THE ANUNNAKI
1
. Schmidt,
Göbekli Tepe,
206–7.
2
. Black, “The Sumerians in Their Landscape,” 41–62.
3
. Ibid.
4
. Horowitz,
Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography,
316 (K. 2873:3–4). See also Katz,
The Image of the Netherworld in the Sumerian Sources,
for a full review of this topic.
5
. Hennerbichler, “The Origin of Kurds,” 64–79
.
6
. Horowitz,
Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography,
316 (K. 2873:3–4).
7
. Jastrow,
The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria,
558.
8
. Sayce, “Two Accadian Hymns,” 130.
9
. Warren,
Paradise Found,
127, 166, 170.
10
. Barton,
Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions,
5.
11
. See, for example, Miller,
Har-Moad,
2, 179, 194.
12
. Sale,
The Koran,
1833, vol. 2, 15, note a.
13
. Ibid.
14
. Ibid.
15
. Ibid.
16
. Garsoïan, “Taron as an Early Christian Armenian Center,” 65.
17
. Ibid.
18
. Miller,
Har-Moad,
20, 179, 194.
19
. Jastrow,
Religion of Babylonia and Assyria,
558.
20
. Sayce, “Two Accadian Hymns,” 130.
21
. See Wiggermann, “Mythological Foundations of Nature,” 279–306.
22
. Ibid.
23
. O’Brien with O’Brien,
The Genius of the Few,
37.
24
. Ibid., 43.
25
. Barton,
Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions,
4.
26
. Ibid., 16.
27
. Ibid.
28
. O’Brien with O’Brien,
Genius of the Few,
46.
29
. For a full account of Zenob Glak’s story, see Seth,
Armenians in India,
and Avdall, “A Hindoo Colony in Ancient Armenia,” 181–86.
30
. O’Brien with O’Brien,
Genius of the Few,
48–49.
31
. Izady,
The Kurds,
18–19.
CHAPTER 31. THE MAKING OF HUMANKIND
1
. Leick,
Göbekli Tepe,
s.v. “Igigi,” 85.
2
. Ibid. For the full story see “Atrahasis 1,” in Dalley,
Myths from Mesopotamia,
9–17. See also Brown,
The Ethos of the Cosmos,
140.
3
. “Atrahasis 1,” in Dalley,
Myths from Mesopotamia,
9.
4
. Ibid., 10.
5
. Ibid., 14–15.
6
. Ibid., 15.
7
. Ibid., 15–16.
8
. Josephus, “The Antiquities of the Jews,” vol. 1, 1, 2.
9
. Barton,
Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions,
16.
10
. Olyan,
Asherah and the Cult of Yahweh in Israel,
70–71.
CHAPTER 32. THE COMING OF THE WATCHERS
1
. Movsisyan,
The Sacred Highlands,
29–30. See also Houtsma,
Encyclopedia of Islam, 1913–1936,
s.v. “Bingöldagh.”
2
. “Bingöl Dagları,” Wikipedia,
http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing%C3%B6l_Da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1
(accessed January 15, 2014).
3
. E-mail communication between Jonathan Bright and the author dated October 20, 2012.
4
. Charles, trans.,
The Book of Enoch or 1 Enoch,
1 En. 8:1, 3.
5
. Various references in 1 En. For a full examination of the Watchers’ physical traits see Collins,
From the Ashes of Angels,
46–56, and the references therein.
6
. Eisenman and Wise,
The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered,
153–56, see 4Q543, Manuscript B, Fragment 1.
7
. Graves and Patai,
Hebrew Myths,
106.
8
. Charles, trans.,
The Book of Enoch or 1 Enoch,
1 En. 69:12.
9
. Ibid., 1 En. 69:6.
10
. Milik,
The Books of Enoch,
306, 307, 313, quoting extracts from the “Book of Giants.”
11
. Eisenman and Wise,
The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered,
153–56, see 4Q543, Manuscript B, Fragment 1.
12
. Charles, trans.,
The Book of Enoch or 1 Enoch,
2 En. 1:4–5.
13
. “Human Figures, Wild Animal Reliefs Unearthed in 11,000-year-old Gobeklitepe Tumulus,” Hurriyet Daily News, November 10, 2006,
www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=human-figures-wild-animal-reliefs-unearthed-in11000-year-old-gobeklitepe-tumulus-2006-10-11
(accessed January 15, 2014).
14
. Schodde, trans.,
The Book of Enoch,
1 En. 13:10.
15
. O’Brien with O’Brien,
The Genius of the Few,
48–49, 108–9.
CHAPTER 33. MOUNTAIN OF THE WATCHERS
1
. Baty, trans.,
Enoch the Prophet,
1 En. 2:7–8.
2
. Baty,
Enoch the Prophet,
xv.
3
. Ibid.
4
. Ibid.
5
. Hewitt,
Primitive Traditional History,
25.
6
. Baty, trans.,
Enoch the Prophet,
xv; 1 En. 2:21.
7
. Bochart,
Geographia sacra,
vol. 1, ch. III, p. 23, who states that Jerome (347–420 AD) used the place-name Armon in connection with Armenia. No citation is given.
8
. Ibid. The author writes that Aquila and Symmachus, second century translators of the Old Testament, both used the place-name Armona in connection with Armenia. No citation is given.
9
. Ibid., vol. I, ch. III, p. 22.
10
. Jer. 51:27.
11
. Smith,
Smith’s Bible Dictionary,
s.v. “Armenia,”
www.ccel.org/ccel/smith_w/bibledict.txt
(accessed January 15, 2014).
12
. Christian Abraham Wahl as quoted in Rosenmüller,
Biblical Geography,
149. Unfortunately, Rosenmüller fails to provide a full citation for Wahl’s statement, recording only that it derives from “
Asien,
p. 807, note.”
13
. Tavernier,
Viaggi nella Turchia, nella Persia, e nell’ Indie,
vol. 1, 16. See also Carari, “A Voyage round the World (1699),” 350–51.
14
. Tavernier,
Viaggi nella Turchia, nella Persia, e nell’ Indie,
vol. 1, 16.
15
. Shea and Troyer,
The Dabistán,
vol. 1, 150; vol. 3, index.
16
. Yates,
Hindustání and English,
s.v. “Míná,” 518a.
17
. Ibid., s.v. “Mínú,” 518b.
18
. Ibid., s.v. “Jhil,” 194b. See also Gilchrist,
The Hindee Moral Preceptor,
s.v. “jul,” 163.
19
. Lipinski, “El’s Abode,” 43, and all references therein.
20
. Ibid.
21
. Ibid.
22
. Ibid., 44.
23
. Ibid., 46.
24
. Coomaraswamy, “Khwaja Khadir and the Fountain of Life in the Tradition of Persian and Mughal Art,” 157–67.
25
. Lipinski, “El’s Abode,” 46.
26
. Ibid., 46.
27
. Ibid., 47, quoting 1 En. 17:2.
28
. Ibid., quoting 1 En 17:7–8.
29
. Ibid., 48, quoting 1 En 32:2–3.
30
. Ibid., 48.
31
. Charles, ed.,
Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha,
“Apocalypse of Moses.”
32
. Lipinski, “El’s Abode,” 48.
33
. Ibid., 49–55.
34
. Ibid., 55–56.
35
. Ibid., 57.
36
. Peiser, “Eine babylonische Landkarte,” 361–70. For a full description and account of the clay tablet, see Horowitz,
Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography,
20–42.
37
. Horowitz,
Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography,
22.
38
. Ibid., 33.
39
. Private communication between Gagik Avagyan and the author dated June 10, 2013.
40
. Private communication between Gagik Avagyan and the author dated June 8, 2013.
CHAPTER 34. WALKING WITH SERPENTS
1
. Valentyn Stetsyuk, “Introduction to the Study of Prehistoric Ethnogenic Processes in Eastern Europe and Asia: The Anthropological Type of Autochthon Europeans and Their Language,” Alternative Historical Linguistics,
http://alterling2.narod.ru/English/AO21ab.doc
(accessed January 15, 2014).
2
. Shtrunov, “The Origin of Haplogroup I1-M253 in Eastern Europe,” 7, 9.
3
. Gimbutas,
The Prehistory of Eastern Europe,
28, 31–32.
4
. Graves and Patai,
Hebrew Myths,
106.
5
. Mallowan and Rose, “Excavations at Tell Arpachiyah 1933,” 1–178.
6
. Molleson and Campbell, “Deformed Skulls at Tell Arpachiyah,” 45–55.
7
. Mallowan and Linford, “Rediscovered Skulls from Arpachiyah,” 52.
8
. Molleson and Campbell, “Deformed Skulls at Tell Arpachiyah,” 49–50.
9
. Ibid., 50.
10
. Ibid.
11
. Ibid.
12
. Ibid., 51–52.
13
. Ibid., 52.
14
. Gilbert and Cotterell,
The Mayan Prophecies,
118–25, quoting José Diaz Bolio,
The Rattlesnake School
and
Why the Rattlesnake in Mayan Civilization
.
15
. Charles, trans.,
The Book of Enoch or 1 Enoch,
1 En. 69:6.
16
. Peregrine,
Encyclopedia of Prehistory,
s.v. “Arpachiyah (Tepe Reshwa).”
17
. Bressy, Poupeau, and Yener, “Cultural Interactions during the Ubaid and Halaf Periods,” 1560–65.
18
. Charvát,
Mesopotamia before History,
51.
19
. Milik,
The Books of Enoch,
306, 307, 313, quoting extracts from the “Book of Giants.”
20
. O’Brien with O’Brien,
The Genius of the Few,
48–9, 62–3.
21
. Segal,
Edessa,
p. 2 n. 4, 106.
22
. Çelik, “An Early Neolithic Settlement in the Center of Şanlıurfa, Turkey,” 4–6.
23
. Segal,
Edessa,
p. 2 n. 2.
24
. Personal communication between Hakan Dalkus and the author dated February 7, 2012.
25
. Ibid.
26
. Keightley,
The Fairy Mythology,
25.
27
. Ibid.
28
. The relationship between the Watchers and the Persian Peri and Jinn is a matter discussed at length in the author’s book
From the Ashes of Angels
. See, for example, pages 100–101, 198–201, 271–72.
29
. See, for example, the account of the birth of Noah in Avigad and Yadin,
A Genesis Apocryphon
.
CHAPTER 35. A QUIET CORNER OF EDEN
1
. “Yeghrdut,” Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeghrdut_monastery
(accessed January 16, 2014).
2
. Murad Hasratyan,
Christian Armenia Encyclopedia,
s.v. “Yeghrduti Monastery,” 313–14.
3
. Oskian,
Die Klöster von Taron-Turuberan,
s.v. “Yeghrduti.”
4
. Madatyan, “Srbaluys myuron,”
http://araratian-tem.am/media/Myuron.doc
. If you’re unable to access this link, go to “Wayback Machine” at
http://archive.org/web/
and type in “
http://araratian-tem.am/media/Myuron.doc
” and press enter. The document will automatically download.