Authors: Matthew Levitt
16.
Burgos and Nisman, 14–15.
17.
Ibid., 8.
18.
Alexei Barrionuevo, “Inquiry on 1994 Blast at Argentina Jewish Center Gets New Life,”
New York Times
, July 18, 2009.
19.
Larry Rohter, “Iran Blew Up Jewish Center in Argentina, Defector Says,”
New York Times
, July 22, 2002.
20.
Burgos and Nisman, 3.
21.
Ibid., 7.
22.
Ibid.
23.
Ibid., 8.
24.
Claudio Lifschitz,
AMIA: Porqué Se Hizo Fallar la Investigación
(Argentina: New Press Grupo Impressor S.A., 2000), 24–31.
25.
US Department of Justice, FBI, “International Radical Fundamentalism.”
26.
Jozami, “Manifestation of Islam in Argentina,” 70–74; Brieger and Herszkowich, “Muslim Community of Argentina,” 157–69.
27.
Universal Strategy Group,
Directed Study of Lebanese Hezbollah
, produced for the United States Special Operations Command, Research and Analysis Division, October 2010, 54.
28.
Burgos and Nisman, 227.
29.
Ibid., 238.
30.
Sebastian Rotella, “Jungle Hub for World’s Outlaws,”
Los Angeles Times
, August 24, 1998; US Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism,
Country Reports on Terrorism 2009
, August 5, 2010.
31.
US Department of State,
Country Reports on Terrorism 2009
.
32.
Burgos and Nisman, 311.
33.
AMIA indictment, 153.
34.
Universal Strategy Group,
Directed Study of Lebanese Hezbollah
, 54.
35.
AMIA indictment, 154.
36.
United States of America v. Bassam Gharib Makki
, United States District Court, Southern District of Florida, Miami Division, CR 98-334-01, February 12, 1999, Affidavit of FBI Agent James Bernazzani Jr., p. 13.
37.
Ibid., 5.
38.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Targets Hizballah Fundraising Network in the Triple Frontier of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay,” press release, December 6, 2006.
39.
Burgos and Nisman, 311–12.
40.
AMIA indictment, 190; Burgos and Nisman, 239.
41.
Burgos and Nisman, 314–15; AMIA indictment, 154–55, 232.
42.
AMIA indictment, 154.
43.
Ibid., 158.
44.
Larry Rohter, “South America Region under Watch for Signs of Terrorists,”
New York Times
, December 15, 2002; “Hizbullah Gets Hit with the Conviction of a Collector,”
ABC Color
(Paraguay), September 30, 2007; “Drop a Course Link in the Drug Trade to the East,”
ABC Color
(Paraguay), May 6, 2006.
45.
“Hizballah Captive in Brazil Participated in 1994 Argentine Attack,”
Estadao
(Brazil), October 24, 2008.
46.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Targets Hizballah Fundraising Network.”
47.
Ibid.
48.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Designates Islamic Extremist, Two Companies Supporting Hizballah in Tri-Border Area,” press release, June 10, 2004.
49.
Jeffrey Goldberg, “In the Party of God: Hezbollah Sets Up Operations in South America and the United States,”
The New Yorker
, October 28, 2002.
50.
United States of America v. Bassam Gharib Makki
, Affidavit of FBI Agent James Bernazzani Jr., pp. 2–5.
51.
Goldberg, “In the Party of God: Hezbollah Sets Up Operations.”
52.
Burgos and Nisman, 314.
53.
Blanca Madani “Hezbollah’s Global Finance Network: The Triple Frontier,”
Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
4, no.1 (January 2002).
54.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Designates Islamic Extremist.”
55.
Ibid.
56.
Marc Perelman, “U.S. Hand Seen in Paraguay’s Pursuit of Terrorism Suspect,”
Forward
, January 17, 2003.
57.
AMIA indictment, 156.
58.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Designates Islamic Extremist.”
59.
Ibid.
60.
Ibid.
61.
Associated Press, “Brazil Probes Hezbollah Link in Murder of SLA Man’s Cousin,”
Haaretz
(Tel Aviv), March 13, 2002.
62.
Perelman, “U.S. Hand Seen in Paraguay’s Pursuit”; FBI Most Wanted Terrorists List, “Mohammed Ali Hamedei.”
63.
Rohter, “South America Region under Watch”; Jose de Cordoba, “Is Jungle Junction a Terrorist Hideaway?”
Wall Street Journal
, November 28, 2001.
64.
Rohter, “South America Region under Watch.”
65.
Perelman, “U.S. Hand Seen in Paraguay’s Pursuit.”
66.
Ibid.
67.
Burgos and Nisman, 313.
68.
Ibid.
69.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Designates Islamic Extremist.”
70.
Chilean Department of Foreign Affairs, Investigation Police (presentation, The Chilean-American Conference of Future Geopolitical Trends, Santiago, March 6–7, 2002).
71.
Burgos and Nisman, 314.
72.
“Film Piracy, Organized Crime, and Terrorism,” Appendix B (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2009), 59.
73.
Cordoba, “Is Jungle Junction a Terrorist Hideaway?”; Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, with the Department of Defense, “A Global Overview of Narcotics-Funded Terrorist and Other Extremist Groups,” May 2002, 32.
74.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Designates Islamic Extremist.”
75.
“Chief Extremist Arrested in Foz Trying to Flee to Angola,”
ABC Digital
(Paraguay); “Two Lebanese Suspects ‘Key’ to Hezbollah Tri-border Activity,”
ABC Color
(Paraguay), November 27, 2002 (Spanish); Goldberg, “In the Party of God: Hezbollah Sets Up Operations.”
76.
“Hong Kong Mafia Was Linked to Hizbullah in the Tri-Border,”
ABC Digital
(Paraguay), November 22, 2002 (Spanish); “Chief Extremist Arrested in Foz Trying to Flee to Angola,”
ABC Digital
(Paraguay).
77.
“Argentine Prosecutors Link Tri-Border Hizballah Leaders to AMIA Attack,”
ABC Color
(Paraguay), May 28, 2003 (Spanish); Hudson,
Terrorist and Organized Crime Groups in the Tri-Border Area
, 13.
78.
“Paraguay: Hizballah Financier Barakat Extradited from Brazil,” Program Summary Excerpt from
Sistema Nacional de Television – SNT TV
(Paraguay), November 17, 2003; “Film Piracy, Organized Crime, and Terrorism,” 64;
Asunción La Nación
, June 17, 2007, included in “Highlights: Paraguay Press 16–18 Jun 07,” Paraguay OSC Summary, Open Source Center, June 18, 2007.
79.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Designates Islamic Extremist.”
80.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Targets Hizballah Fundraising Network.”
81.
Cordoba, “Is Jungle Junction a Terrorist Hideaway?”
82.
US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Targets Hizballah Fundraising Network.”
83.
Government of Argentina, Arrest warrant for Samuel Salman el Reda, Buenos Aires, June 2009; AMIA indictment, 197.
84.
Burgos and Nisman, 237–40; AMIA indictment, 232.
85.
Arrest warrant for Samuel Salman el Reda.
86.
AMIA indictment, 163.
87.
Ibid., 165.
88.
Ibid., 162–63, 232.
89.
Ibid., 163; Burgos and Nisman, 238.
90.
AMIA indictment, 165.
91.
Arrest warrant for Samuel Salman el Reda.
92.
Burgos and Nisman, 238–40.
93.
Ibid., 246–47.
94.
Ibid., 243.
95.
Ibid., 244, 374.
96.
Ibid., 91.
97.
US FBI, “International Radical Fundamentalism.”
98.
Burgos and Nisman, 94.
99.
Ibid., 108.
100.
Ibid., 219.
101.
Ibid., 243–45.
102.
Mark S. Steinitz, “Middle East Terrorist Activity in Latin America,”
Policy Papers on the Americas
, vol. 14, study 7, Center for Strategic and International Studies, July 2003.
103.
AMIA indictment, Expert Opinions of Ariel Merari and Bruce Hoffman.
104.
AMIA indictment, 28.
105.
Burgos and Nisman, 189–90.
106.
Ibid., 191.
107.
AMIA indictment, 30.
108.
Burgos and Nisman, 191–92.
109.
Ibid.
110.
AMIA indictment, 30; Burgos and Nisman, 192.
111.
Burgos and Nisman, 193.
112.
Ibid., 235–37.
113.
US Department of the Treasury, “Fact Sheet: Designation of Iranian Entities and Individuals for Proliferation Activities and Support for Terrorism,” October 25, 2007.
114.
Burgos and Nisman, 235–37.
115.
Ibid., 247.
116.
Goldberg, “In the Party of God: Hezbollah Sets Up Operations.”
117.
Ranstorp, “Hizbollah’s Command Leadership,” 319–20.
118.
US Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense, “Unclassified Report on Military Power of Iran,” April 2010.
119.
Burgos and Nisman, 175–76.
120.
Ibid., 15, 175–76.
121.
Ibid., 177–78.
122.
Ibid., 176.
123.
AMIA indictment, 71.
124.
Burgos and Nisman, 174, 177.
125.
Ibid., 242.
126.
“Report of the Task Force of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Analysis of the Attack on the Seat of the Mutual Israeli Argentinean Association (AMIA), 18th of July, 1994, Buenos Aires, Argentina,” August 1998 (original copy in Spanish, translated to English for the author by Yair Fuxman).
127.
Alexei Barrionuevo, “Inquiry on 1994 Blast at Argentina Jewish Center Gets New Life,”
New York Times
, July 18, 2009.
128.
Arrest warrant for Samuel Salman el Reda.
129.
Ibid.
130.
Goldberg, “In the Party of God: Hezbollah Sets Up Operations.”
131.
Burgos and Nisman, 310.
132.
Library of Congress, “Global Overview of Narcotics-Funded Terrorist and Other Extremist Groups.”
133.
AMIA indictment, 234.
134.
Goldberg, “In the Party of God: Hezbollah Sets Up Operations.”
135.
“Argentine Prosecutors Link Tri-Border Hizballah Leaders to AMIA Attack,”
ABC Color
(Paraguay), May 28, 2003 (Spanish).
136.
Burgos and Nisman, 328–30.
137.
“Report of the Task Force of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Analysis of the Attack on the Seat of the Mutual Israeli Argentinean Association (AMIA).”
138.
Rohter, “South America Region under Watch.”
139.
Burgos and Nisman, 215.
140.
Comments of FBI Special Agent James Bernazzani Jr. as cited in Burgos and Nisman, 312.
141.
Burgos and Nisman, 328.
142.
Rex Hudson, “Terrorist and Organized Crime Groups in the Tri-Border Area (TBA) of South America,” A Report prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, under an Interagency Agreement with the Crime and Narcotics Center Director of Central Intelligence, July 2003 (Revised December 2010), 14.
143.
Presentation of Israeli intelligence official at a conference conducted under Chatham House Rule, December 2010.
144.
Goldberg, “In the Party of God: Hezbollah Sets Up Operations.”
145.
Library of Congress, “Global Overview of Narcotics-Funded Terrorist and Other Extremist Groups,” 19.
146.
Burgos and Nisman, 216–17.
147.
AMIA indictment, 71, 101, 135.
148.
Burgos and Nisman, 207.
149.
Arrest warrant for Samuel Salman el Reda.
150.
Ibid.
151.
Burgos and Nisman, 318.
152.
Arrest warrant for Samuel Salman el Reda.
153.
Burgos and Nisman, 15.
154.
Arrest warrant for Samuel Salman el Reda.
155.
Burgos and Nisman, 15.
156.
Ibid., 320–21.
157.
“Report of the Task Force of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Analysis of the Attack on the Seat of the Mutual Israeli Argentinean Association (AMIA).”
158.
Sebastian Rotella, “Deadly Blasts and an Itinerant’s Tale,”
Los Angeles Times
, April 17, 1999.
159.
“Report of the Task Force of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Analysis of the Attack on the Seat of the Mutual Israeli Argentinean Association (AMIA).”
160.
Burgos and Nisman, 324–25.
161.
Ibid.
162.
Dos Santos, the shadowy figure warned that terrorists with whom his Iranian ex-girlfriend was involved were preparing to bomb a Jewish target in Buenos Aires, reportedly cultivated a romantic relationship with Fat Nora so he could smuggle goods across the border. See “Report of the Task Force of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Analysis of the Attack on the Seat of the Mutual Israeli Argentinean Association (AMIA); See also Rotella, “Deadly Blasts.”
163.
Martinez may have been an employee of Telledin’s, or the name may have been a fake. See “Report of the Task Force of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Analysis of the Attack on the Seat of the Mutual Israeli Argentinean Association (AMIA).”
164.
Ibid.
165.
Burgos and Nisman, 15.