Authors: Matthew Levitt
93.
United States of America v. Yehia Ali Ahmed Alomari et al
., Case No. 07M4009, United States District Court, Western District of New York, February 24, 2007, Affidavit of ICE Special Agent James K. Crawford.
94.
Ibid.
95.
Associated Press, “3 Yemeni Business Men Who Sent $200,000 Overseas Plead Guilty in NY Court to Money Laundering,” August 28, 2009.
96.
United States of America v. Talal Khalil Chahine et al
., Indictment, No. 5:06-cr-20248, United States District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, Southern Division, May 19, 2006;
United States of America v. Elfat El Aouar
, Government’s Sentencing Memorandum,
Criminal No. 06-20248, United States District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, Southern Division, May 11, 2007.
97.
United States of America v. Elfat El Aouar
, Government’s Written Proffer in Support of Detention Pending Trial, May 19, 2006.
98.
Niraj Warikoo, “La Shish Chain Owner Denies Ties to Terror,”
Detroit Free Press
, May 19, 2006.
99.
“Alleged Hezbollah Front Raided in Michigan,” Anti-Defamation League, July 30, 2007.
100.
Wes Bruer, “Ohio Couple Plead Guilty to Supporting Hezbollah,”
Long War Journal
, May 24, 2011.
101.
United States of America v. Hor I. Akl and Amera A. Akl
, Indictment, Case No. 3:10-CR-251, United States District Court, Northern District of Ohio, Western Division, June 7, 2010.
102.
United States of America v. Hor I. Akl
, Plea Agreement, May 23, 2011;
United States of America v. Amera A. Akl
, Plea Agreement, May 23, 2011.
103.
United States of America v. Mufid Kamal Mrad
, Affidavit in Support of a Criminal Complaint and Arrest Warrant, United States District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, Case No. 1:12mj363, May 30, 2012.
104.
United States of America v. Lebanese Canadian Bank SAL et al
., Verified Complaint, United States District Court, Southern District of New York, 11 CIV 9186, December 15, 2011.
105.
Ibid.
106.
US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs, “Dallas Area Used Car Dealers Indicted in Money Laundering Scheme,” press release, November 17, 2011.
107.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of FBI Supervisory Special Agent Samuel Smemo Jr., United States District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, November 20, 2009.
108.
David Asher, “Party of Fraud: Hizballah’s Criminal Enterprises,” Policy Forum Presentation, Washington Institute for Near East Policy (Washington, DC), March 22, 2012.
109.
US Department of the Treasury, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, “Finding That the Lebanese Canadian Bank SAL Is a Financial Institution of Primary Money Laundering Concern,”
Federal Register
76, no. 33 (February 17, 2011).
110.
United States of America v. Ayman Joumaa
, Indictment, Criminal No. 1:11-CR-560, United States District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, November 23, 2011.
111.
Jo Becker, “Beirut Bank Seen as a Hub of Hezbollah’s Financing,”
New York Times
, December 13, 2011.
112.
Avi Jorisch, “Al-Manar: Hizbullah TV, 24/7,”
Middle East Quarterly
11, no. 1 (Winter 2004): 17–31.
113.
Ibid., 17.
114.
BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, “Hezbollah Leader Nasrallah Supports Intifada, Vows ‘Death to America,’” September 27, 2002.
115.
Jorisch interview with Lebanese Hezbollah expert, October 11, 2002, in Avi Jorisch,
Beacon of Hatred: Inside Hezbollah’s al-Manar Television
(Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2004), 32.
116.
Nicholas Blanford, “Hizbullah Sharpens Its Weapons in Propaganda War,”
Christian Science Monitor
, December 28, 2001.
117.
“Hizbollah Inaugurates Satellite Channel via ArabSat,” al-Ra’y (Amman), May 29, 2000, BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, May 31, 2000; Robert Fisk, “Television News Is Secret Weapon of the Intifada,”
Independent
(London), December 2, 2000.
118.
Jorisch,
Beacon of Hatred
, 20.
119.
Fisk, “Television News.”
120.
United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud and Chawki Youssef Hammoud
, trial transcript, Docket No. 3:00-cr-147, United States District Court, Western District of North Carolina, Charlotte Division, June 10, 2002, pp. 1487–88.
121.
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Israel Intelligence Heritage & Commemoration Center, “Exposure of a Hezbollah Network in Egypt,” April 28, 2009; Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Israel Intelligence Heritage & Commemoration Center, “Egypt Exposes a Hezbollah Network on Its Soil,” April 13, 2009.
122.
Jorisch,
Beacon of Hatred
, 21.
123.
Jeffrey Goldberg, “In the Party of God: Are Terrorists in Lebanon Preparing for a Larger War?”
The New Yorker
, October 14, 2002.
124.
“France Pulls Plug on Arab Network,”
BBC News
, December 14, 2004.
125.
“International Approaches to the Regulation of Al-Manar Television and Terrorism-Related Content,”
Australian Communications and Media Authority
(Sydney: Commonwealth of Australia, 2011), 9–10.
126.
US Congress, House, Committee on International Relations, Statement of James Phillips,
Adding Hezbollah to the EU Terrorist List
.
127.
Statement of Frank C. Urbancic,
Hezbollah’s Global Reach
; US Department of State, “Addition of Al-Manar to the Terrorist Exclusion List,” press release, December 28, 2004.
128.
US Department of the Treasury, “U.S. Designates Al-Manar as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist Entity; Television Station Is Arm of Hezbollah Terrorist Network,” press release, March 23, 2006.
129.
US Department of Justice, US Attorney Southern District of New York, “U.S. Arrests Two for Supporting Hizballah,” press release, November 20, 2006.
130.
United States of America v. Javed Iqbal and Saleh Elahwal
, Indictment, United States District Court, Southern District of New York, Criminal No. 06-CR-1054, November 2006.
131.
US Department of Justice, US Attorney Southern District of New York, “Staten Island Man Sentenced to 69 Months in Prison for Providing Material Support and Resources to Hizballah,” press release, April 23, 2009; US Department of Justice, US Attorney Southern District of New York, “New Jersey Man Sentenced to 17 Months in Prison for Providing Material Support and Resources to Hizballah,” press release, June 23, 2009.
132.
John Mintz and Douglas Farah, “Small Scams Probed for Terror Ties: Muslim-Arab Stores Monitored as Part of Post–Sept. 11 Inquiry,”
Washington Post
, August 12, 2002.
133.
US Department of Justice, United States Attorney’s Office, Central District of California, “Operation Bell Bottoms Targets Counterfeiting, Drug Operation in Los Angeles–Area Clothing Stores,” press release, November 6, 2007.
134.
Ibid.
135.
James Meek, “Busted Los Angeles Drug Ring Had Ties to Hezbollah,”
New York Daily News
, November 9, 2007.
136.
Author telephone interview with law enforcement officer, January 14, 2010.
137.
Ibid.
138.
Author interviews with suspects, Los Angeles, May 11, 2010; County of Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department, Incident Report, “Sale of Counterfeit Trademark Merchandise,” November 11, 2006.
139.
Author interviews with suspects, Los Angeles, May 11, 2010; County of Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department, Incident Report, “Sale of Counterfeit Trademark,” October 8, 2004.
140.
US Congress, Senate, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Statement of John C. Stedman,
Counterfeit Goods: Easy Cash for Criminals and Terrorists: Hearing before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
.
141.
Ibid.
142.
United States of America v. Sealed Matter
, Affidavit of Timothy T. Waters.
143.
Mike Newall, “Road to Terrorism Arrests Began at Deptford Mall,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, January 25, 2010.
144.
Author interview with law enforcement officials, Philadelphia, PA, March 11, 2010.
145.
Ibid.;
United States of America v. Sadek Mohamad Koumaiha et al
., Indictment, United States District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, November 23, 2009.
146.
Author interview with law enforcement officials, Philadelphia, PA, March 11, 2010;
United States of America v. Sadek Mohamad Koumaiha et al
., Indictment.
147.
Author interview with law enforcement officials, Philadelphia, PA, March 11, 2010; US Department of Justice, “Arrests Made in Case Involving Conspiracy to Procure Weapons, Including Anti-Aircraft Missiles,” press release, November 23, 2009;
United States of America v. Dani Nemr Tarraf et al
., Indictment, Criminal No. 09-743-01, United States District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, November 20, 2009.
148.
Author interview with law enforcement officials, Philadelphia, PA, March 11, 2010.
149.
Ibid.; US Department of Justice, “Conspiracy to Procure Weapons, Including Anti-Aircraft Missiles”;
United States of America v. Dani Nemr Tarraf et al
., Indictment, November 20, 2009.
150.
United States of America v. Dani Nemr Tarraf et al
., Supplement to Government’s Motion for Pretrial Detention, Criminal No. 09-743-01, United States District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, December 3, 2009; for photo, see trial exhibits.
151.
United States of America v. Dani Nemr Tarraf et al
., Pretrial Detention Order.
152.
Author interview with law enforcement officials, March 11, 2010.
153.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.; Newall, “Road to Terrorism”; author interview with law enforcement officials, March 11, 2010.
154.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Indictment, United States District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, November 24, 2009; Newall, “Road to Terrorism.”
155.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Indictment, United States District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, November 24, 2009.
156.
Ibid.; Newall, “Road to Terrorism”; author interview with law enforcement officials, March 11, 2010;
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.
157.
Author interview with law enforcement officials, March 11, 2010;
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.;
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Indictment.
158.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.
159.
Author interview with law enforcement officials, March 11, 2010; Sebastian Rotella, “Azerbaijan Seen as New Front in Mideast Conflict,”
Los Angeles Times
, May 30, 2009.
160.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.;
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Indictment; author interview with law enforcement officials, March 11, 2010.
161.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.; author interview with law enforcement officials, March 11, 2010.
162.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Indictment; US Department of Justice, “Four Indicted for Conspiring to Support Hezbollah; Six Others Charged with Related Crimes,” press release, November 24, 2009.
163.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.
164.
Ibid.
165.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Indictment; author interview with law enforcement officials, March 11, 2010.
166.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.
167.
Ibid.
168.
Spencer Hsu, “Hezbollah Official Indicted on Weapons Charge,”
Washington Post
, November 25, 2009; “Sayyid Nasrallah, Hamas Call for Resumption of Lebanese-Palestinian Dialogue,” Al Manar TV, December 2, 2009 (transcript supplied by BBC Worldwide Monitoring); Stewart Bell, “10 People Charged with Supporting Hezbollah,”
National Post
(Canada), November 24, 2009; author interview with law enforcement officials, March 11, 2010;
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.
169.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Affidavit of Samuel Smemo Jr.
170.
Ibid.
171.
Ibid.
172.
Ibid.
173.
Mike Newall, “Ex-Camden County Resident Indicted in Alleged Terror Cell Held in Paraguay,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, June 17, 2010.
174.
Ibid.; Mike Newall, “Suspected Hezbollah Funder Appears in a Philadelphia Court,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, February 26, 2011.
175.
United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj et al
., Indictment.
176.
Mark Steinitz, “Middle East Terrorist Activity in Latin America,”
Center for Strategic and International Studies
, Policy Papers on the Americas XIV, no. 7, July 2003.