Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (280 page)

18.
Kasahara,
Nankin jiken
, p. 27.

19.
Usui Katsumi,
Nitch
sens
: wahei ka sensen kakudai ka
(Ch
k
Shinsho, 1967), p. 46.

20.
Senshi s
sho: Shina jihen rikugun sakusen (1): Sh
wa j
sannen ichigatsu made
(1975), p. 283.

21.
Ibid.
,
p. 283.

22.
Ibid., p. 284. The report of the chiefs of staff explicitly noted that the capture of Nanking could be accomplished only by a large force over a long period of time.

23.
Ibid., p. 285.

24.
Ibid., pp. 290–91.

25.
Ibid., pp. 297–99. The 13th and 101st Divisions were composed mainly of reservists who, on average, were over thirty years old. Fujiwara Akira,
Nankin no Nihongun: Nankin daigyakusatsu to sono haikei
(
tsuki Shoten, 1997), p. 13.

26.
Fujiwara, “Nitch
sens
ni okeru horyo gyakusatsu,” in
Kikan sens
sekinin kenky
9 (Autumn 1995), p. 23, citing from
RikuShi himitsu dai nikki
, B
ei Kenky
jo, Toshokan, secret telegram number 1,679 sent to China in 1937, bearing the title “Rikugun daijin kunji s
fu no ken.”