Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (419 page)

rice cultivation ritual of, 182–83

rice riots in, 52, 93

rightists in, 101–2

right of supreme command debate in, 154–56

and rise of communism, 150–51

secrecy in, 178–79, 181, 197–98

Shimanaka incident in, 665–66

Soviet declaration of war against, 496, 502, 525, 527, 529, 530

Soviet neutrality pact with, 393–94, 399, 402, 490, 521, 523

Soviet relations with, 649, 656–57

spiritual mobilization campaign in, 313–14

Tanaka cabinet of, 184–86

textbook issue in, 659, 668, 680–81

as theocracy, 16

thought police of, 195

Tokugawa tradition of, 59

Toranomon incident in, 140–42, 158

and total spiritual mobilization, 276–78

Tripartite Alliance signed by, 380–83

Tsinan affair and, 214–15

undeclared Siberia war of (1918–22), 152–53

U.S. culture and products in, 41

U.S. economic sanctions against, 395–96, 400–401, 403, 405, 425

U.S. military in, 651, 662

U.S. oil embargo of, 399, 401, 403–7, 408, 439

U.S. plan for invasion of, 501–2, 524

U.S.-Soviet Cold War rivalry and, 624, 627, 634, 646, 651

war dead memorial services in, 651, 652–53, 658–59

war declared against U.S. by, 436–37

Washington Conference debates in, 146–51

West and collective identity of, 279–80

and Western democratic and social ideas, 103, 105

in withdrawal from League of Nations, 256, 261–63, 265, 268, 269, 279

xenophobic nationalism in, 8–9

Yasukuni Shrine controversy in, 682–83

Japan, occupied:

abdication issue in, 550, 552–53, 571–73, 628

antimilitary campaign in, 555–59

atomic bomb awareness in, 637

black market in, 539–40, 619

Communists and, 552

“crab walk” incident in, 632–33

demobilization in, 544

economy of, 539–40, 624–25

educational reform in, 552, 560

election of April 25, 1947

in, 624–27

end of occupation, 647

and fear of occupiers, 537–38

food distribution crisis in, 619–20

GHQ-government conflict in, 551–52

GHQ's reforms in, 551–52

and Hirohito-MacArthur photograph, 548, 549–51, 553

Hirohito's domestic tours of, 620–26, 628–31

Hirohito's religious tours in, 553–55

Hirohito's status as emperor in, 568–70

Hirohito war crimes issue in, 559, 567–68

Hiroshima visit in, 628–31

Korean War and, 636, 640–43

Kyoto University protest incident in, 644–45

land reform in, 619

MacArthur-Eisenhower “Secret” telegram and, 567–68

MacArthur's strategy for, 544–45

media censorship in, 551

Meiji past and, 560–62

name change in, 621

New Year's poetry reading in, 632

Okinawa issue in, 646

peace movement in, 642

peace treaty debate in, 634–35, 639–40

Pearl Harbor responsibility issue in, 546–47

and preservation of
kokutai,
535, 537, 538, 540, 542, 544, 545, 547, 551, 552, 559

protect monarchy campaign in, 536–37, 542–43, 568–70

racial fears in, 538–39

and rehabilitation of emperor's image, 553–54, 561, 563–66

renewal of nationalism in, 636, 638

and rewriting of history, 555–59

Shinto Directive of, 560

U.S. military alliance with, 644, 646

U.S. military in, 627, 640, 641–42

U.S.-Soviet Cold War rivalry and, 624, 627, 634, 646

war criminals released in, 634–35

war responsibility issue in, 543–45, 549, 553, 556, 577

Japan-China Basic Treaty of 1940, 348

Japanese Terror in China
(Timperley), 337

Japan in the National Emergency,
273–77

Japan-Manchukuo Protocol, 257

“Japan-Manchuria Relations and the Diplomatic History of Manchuria” (Matsuoka), 266

Japan Teachers Union, 659

Japan-U.S. Administrative Agreement, 647

Japan-U.S. Peace Treaty, 634–35, 644, 647

Japan-U.S. Security Treaty, 644, 647–48, 651, 654, 660, 665, 667

renegotiation of, 660–63

Japan Veterans Friendship League, 658

Japan War-Bereaved Families Association, 658, 682

Jaranilla, Delfin, 595

Java, 445

Jellinek, George, 79–80

Jews, Judaism, 168, 208, 226, 280–81, 601

Jiji shinbun,
86

Jimmu, emperor of Japan, 38, 72, 73, 189, 275, 384, 554

Jitsugy
no Nihon,
198

J
Eiichir
, 436, 443, 471

background of, 450–51

Hirohito and, 451–52

inspection tour by, 452–53

Joffre, Joseph, 109

Johnson, Lyndon B., 671

Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 524, 587, 617

Joint Resolution 94, U.S. Senate, 544

J
ichikai, 177

junshi,
42

 

Kaga, 194, 450

Kaih
(Liberation), 141

Kaik
sha kiji,
53, 165

Kaiz
(Reconstruction), 141

Kaku Sakatar
, 138–39