Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (425 page)

Russo-Japanese War and, 9

Shiratori's description of, 75

stereotyped as “the Great,” 131

Yi Un guardianship and, 35

“Meiji Centennial,” 671

Meiji constitution, 39, 40, 54–55, 57, 66, 121, 131, 184, 226, 255, 296, 308, 442, 517, 518, 560, 563, 648, 668, 675

anti-organ theory campaign and, 287–89, 291

Article 1 of, 171

Article 3 of, 291

Article 4 of, 295

Article 8 of, 300

continued influence of, 576–77

and divinity of emperor, 6–7, 291–92

extraconstitutional bodies and, 78–79

Hirohito's view of, 294–95

independence of supreme command in, 154

kokutai
and, 292–94

and mutiny of 1936, 302–3

organ theory and, 77, 80

rule theory and, 77

Shimizu on interpretation of, 77–79

Sh
wa monarchy's subversion of, 202

state-monarchy relationship and, 78–79

Meiji Palace, 212

Meiji tenn
-ki
(Chronicles of Emperor Meiji), 76

Mei Ju-ao, 594

Metropolitan Police, 252, 297, 655

Miao Ping, 492–93

Michiko, Empress of Japan, 661–62, 664

Midway, Battle of, 447, 449, 453, 454, 457, 461, 464, 677

Mikami Sanji, 130, 131–32, 134, 160

Mikasa, Prince, 21, 282, 605

abdication urged by, 571–72

China mission of, 474

criticism of, 642–43

Miki Takeo, 673

military, militarism, 8, 150, 178, 207, 208–9, 228–30, 302, 306, 311, 519, 545, 549, 569

in attempted coups of 1931, 243–44, 284–85

bushid
, code of, 34, 51–52

in Chang assassination, 207, 215–16, 220

collapse of, 539

decisive battle doctrine of, 205–6

democratic institutions and, 13–14

diplomacy conducted by, 286–87

domestic unrest and, 52–53

dual mission of, 55–56

emperor ideology and, 34, 374

“emperor's army” concept and, 154

European model and, 55

factional conflict in, 154–55, 157, 224–25, 243–44, 279, 295–96, 298, 299–300

Geneva Conventions opposed by, 207

German alliance issue and, 368–71

government's relationship with, 33–34

and Hirohito as supreme commander, 278, 327, 329–31, 359, 387, 390–91, 398–99, 422–23, 519–20, 553

Hirohito as viewed by, 165–66, 283–84, 314

Hirohito's discipline problem with, 15–16, 245, 247, 252, 351–52

and Hirohito's establishment of Imperial Headquarters, 327–32

Hirohito's relationship with, 235–40, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 278, 303, 304, 305–6, 549

independence of, 33–34

Jehal Province campaign and, 257–60

Kellogg-Briand Pact and, 221–22

kokutai
clarification movement and, 288–89, 296

Manchurian Incident and, 235–40, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248

Marco Polo Bridge incident and, 317–18

Meiji empowerment of, 29, 34, 55–56

and middle school education, 156

modernization and reorganization of, 152–53

in morale and discipline crisis, 152–53, 157

and mutiny of 1936,
see
mutiny of February 1936

Nakamura incident and, 228–29

national defense debate and, 205–6, 208

nationalism and, 105, 203

“never surrender” doctrine of, 251–52, 281

North China problem and, 286–87

privileged status of, 172

propaganda campaign of, 273–78

regionalism and, 51–52

and rise of communism, 150–51

supreme command debate and, 154–56, 211, 226–27, 230, 290–91

surrender debate and, 512–18, 520–21

Taiwan as ruled by, 137

thought police and, 187

U.S. propaganda campaign against, 555–59

see also
Army, Imperial; Navy, Imperial;
specific individuals, battles and wars

Minami Jir
, 229, 230–31, 243, 265

Minobe Tatsukichi, 40, 77–80, 208, 287–94, 295, 296, 576

Minseit
Party, 208, 213, 215, 219, 222, 225, 228, 232

Missouri,
USS, 541

Mitearai Tatsuo, 112

Mitsubishi Company, 27

Mitsukawa Kametaro, 98

Miura Gor
, 86

Miyake Kanran, 42

Miyake Setsurei, 42

Miyoshi Tatsuji, 606

Mizota Sh
ichi, 584, 585

Mizukuri Genpachi, 76

Mizuno Rentar
, 213, 220

Mizuno Yoshiyuki, 273

Molotov, Vyacheslav, 351, 394, 521

monarchy:

British style of, 115–19

constitutional 219, 292, 577

education and, 58–59

European model of, 7, 66–67

see also
emperor theory

Mongolian People's Republic (Outer Mongolia), 307, 351, 394

see also
Inner Mongolia

“Monologue” (Hirohito), 2–5, 678

dictation of, 589–92

Tanaka episode in, 217–18

Mori Tsutomu, 161, 220, 246, 247, 249, 254, 257

Morrow, Thomas H., 616, 617

Moscow Declaration, 581

Motoshima Hitoshi, 685

Mukden Special Agency, 306

Munitions Ministry, Japanese, 539