Inside the Crosshairs (40 page)

Stanley, John L. “Beyond the Sniper: Special Operations Target Interdiction.”
Special Warfare
. July 1988. Describes post-Vietnam employment and training of snipers in Special Forces and Ranger battalions.

—–. “New Sniper Weapon System Designed to be Rugged, Dependable and Accurate.”
Special Warfare
, July 1988. Describes the M24 sniper rifle system.

Starch, Stephen G. “A Memoir of the Exploits of Captain Alexander Fraser and the Company of British Marksmen, 1776–1777.”
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
, parts I and II, Summer 1985; part III, Autumn 1985. The story of leading British organizer of marksmen in the Revolutionary War.

Stein, Jeff. “Stealth Warriors.”
Washington Post Magazine
, March 9, 1997. A detailed look at current Marine snipers and their training.

Tantum, William H., IV. “Sniping Rifles of the First World War.”
Guns Review
. July 1963. A survey of sniper rifles used by both sides during World War I.

—–. “Sniping Rifles of the Second World War.”
Guns Review
, September 1963. A survey of sniper rifles used by both sides during World War II.

Teegerstrom, Eric J. “Scout-Snipers: One Shot. One Kill.”
Armor
, July-August 1994. Recommendations on how to employ the armor and cavalry unit sniper sections.

Thompson, P. L. “Scout-Sniper School.”
Leatherneck
, March 1985. A description of post-Vietnam Marine sniper training.

Tolbert, Frank X. “Deadly Teams Emerge From This Academy.”
Leatherneck
, October 1943. USMC sniper training at Green’s Farm, California, during World War II.

Trussell, John B., Jr. “He Never Missed His Aim,”
Parameters
1, 1976. The story of American marksman Timothy Murphy in the Revolutionary War.

Ukeiley, Scott E. “Reconnaissance and Surveillance: Combined Arms for the BLT.”
Marine Corps Gazette
, September 1996. Recommends combining the Marine Battalion Landing Team’s reconnaissance and scout sniper platoons.

Walsh, Steven L. “Reorganizing Scout Sniper Training.”
Marine Corps Gazette
, July 1990. Recommends changes in Marine sniper training.

West, Mike. “Sniper!”
Octofoil
, January–March 1969. A brief history of the army’s 9th Infantry Division’s sniper school in Vietnam.

Wilson, G. E. “1st Div Scout-Snipers Killing Two VC a Day.”
Sea Tiger
, February 1, 1967. Contains a brief history of Captain Jim Land’s scout-sniper school.

Wright, D. L. “Training the Scout Sniper.”
Marine Corps Gazette
, October 1985. Discusses use of day and night observation devices.

Directorate of Military Intelligence. “Snipers in Action” (a translation of a USSR Ministry of War publication on the history of Soviet snipers.) September 10, 1952.

U.S. Army Center for Lessons Learned. “Bulletin No. 1–88,” April 1988.

U.S. Army Combat Developments Command. “Trip Report (33–69), Sniper Program,” April 28, 1969.

U.S. Army Concept Team in Vietnam. “Final Report—Sniper Operations and Equipment,” February 23, 1968.

U.S. Army 41st Division Training Note No. 3. “163 Infantry: Counter-Sniping from Musket Perimeter,” 1943.

U.S. Army Ground Forces, Pacific. “Report Number 183: Training and Use of Snipers,” January 5, 1945.

U.S. Army Infantry School. “Snipers,” student paper by John W. Pinkston, August 1971.

U.S. Army Marksmanship Training Unit. “Accurized National Match M14 Rifle,” June 23, 1968.

—–. “Sniper Firing Data Book,” May 13, 1968.

U.S. Army 9th Infantry Division. “Operational Report—Lessons Learned.” July 1967–September 1970.

—–. “Sniper Training and Employment in the 9th Infantry Division.” July 15, 1967.

U.S. Army 25th Infantry Division. “Operational Report—Lessons Learned.” January 1969–October 1970.

FM 21–27. “Combat Training of the Individual Soldier and Patrolling,” October 1950.

FM 21–75. “Combat Training of the Individual Soldier and Patrolling,” January 19, 1962.

FM 23–5. “U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1,” September 26, 1958.

FM 23–5. “U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1,” May 17, 1965.

FM 23–10. “Sniper Training,” August 17, 1994.

TC 23–11. “Starlight Scope, Small Hand-Held or Individual Weapons Mounted Model No. 6060,” November 1966.

TC 23–14. “Sniper Training and Employment,” October 1969.

TM 5–9341. “Operation and Maintenance Instructions for Sniperscopes Models M1 and M2,” August 1951.

TM 5–9342A. “Repair Instructions for Sniperscope, Infrared Set No. 1,” April 1952.

TM 9–270. “U.S. Rifle. Cal..30, M1903A4 (Sniper’s) Characteristics and Operation; and Use of Telescopic Sight,” September 28, 1943.

TM 9-1005-205-12. “Operator’s and Organizational Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts and Special Tool Lists: Rifle, Cal. 30 M1903A4 (Sniper’s).” December 1970.

TM 9-1005-221-10 (draft). “Operator’s Manual: Rifle, 7.62 mm, XM21, Sniper W/Adjusting Ranging Telescope and Mount With Equipment,” November 1969.

Weapons and Equipment
—
Southeast Asia
. 1965.

“Army’s Civilian Marksmanship Program Is of Limited Value,” May 23, 1990.

Equipment for the American Sniper
by George O. Van Orden and Calvin A. Lloyd, 1942.

Marine Corps Competitive Shooting
by Robert E. Barde, 1961.

U.S. Marine Corps Development and Education Command, Public Affairs Office, Quantico, Virginia. Release No. 004–86, “Scout-Sniper’s Ghillie Suit,” January 27, 1986.

U.S. Marine Corps Equipment Board, Quantico, Virginia. “Project No. A9–757: Sniper Rifles. Telescopes, and Mount Study,” 1951.

U.S. Marine Corps 1st Marine Brigade, FMF. News Release No.: 16–62, “This Is a Sniper,” January 26, 1962.

U.S. Marine Corps 3rd Marine Division. “Division Order 3590.3B, Scout-Sniper Platoons,” June 9, 1968.

U.S. Marine Corps 3rd Marine Division. “Division Order 1510.5, Scout-Sniper Refresher Training Course.” September 3, 1968.

FMFM 1–3B. “Sniping,” August 5, 1969.

FMFM 1–3B. “Sniping,” April 7, 1976.

FMFM 1–3B. “Sniping,” January 28, 1981.

SL-3-05539A. “Components List for Rifle, 7.62 mm: M40,” August 1970.

SL-3-05539B. “Components List for Rifle, Sniper, 7.62 mm M40A1,” May 1978.

SL-4-05539A. “Repair Parts List for Rifle, 7.62 mm: M700,” November 1966.

TM 00539-13/1. “Operation and Maintenance, Rifle, Sniper, M40A1 and Related Optical Equipment,” November 1981.

U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, Headquarters. “Combat Experiences: Sniper Training and Employment in the 9th Infantry Division,” 1969.

U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff Intelligence. “Order of Battle Study ST 67–029: VC/NVA Employment of Snipers,” January 6, 1967.

NAVMC 2614. “Professional Knowledge Gained From Operational Experience in Vietnam,” 1967.

FM 21–75. “Infantry Scouting, Patrolling, and Sniping,” February 6, 1944.

TM 5–9340. “Sniperscope and Snooperscope,” September 1944.

TM 9–1275. “U.S. Rifles, Cal..30 M1, M1C, and M1D,” 1947.

TM 9–270. “U.S. Rifle, Cal..30 M1903A4 (Sniper’s),” September 1943.

TM 5–9341. “Sniperscope M2,” June 1945.

The following individuals gave freely of their knowledge, experience, recollections, personal papers, and research time. Without their support, candor, and hard work, this book would not have been possible.

Lee V. Abbott, Queensland, Australia

Stephen E. Atkins, College Station, Texas

Bob Aylward, Fort Benning, Georgia

Colonel Roger H. Barnard, USMC (Ret.), Quantico, Virginia

General George S. Blanchard, USA (Ret.), McLean, Virginia

Major General A. R. Bolling Jr., USA (Ret.), Dallas, Texas

Frank J. Camper. Dolomite, Alabama

David K. Canfil, Oxford, England

Master Sergeant Roy F. Chandler. USA (Ret.), St. Mary’s City, Maryland

Sergeant Major Dan Cragg, USA (Ret.), Springfield, Virginia

John J. Culbertson, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

General Raymond G. Davis, USMC (Ret.), Stockbridge, Georgia

General Michael S. Davison, USA (Ret.), Arlington, Virginia

Richard P. DeMarco, North Royalton, Ohio

Colonel James A. Donovan, USMC (Ret.), Atlanta, Georgia

Ed W. Eaton, Walla Walla, Washington

Lieutenant General Julian J. Ewell, USA (Ret.), Fort Belvoir, Virginia

Lieutenant Colonel James Fitter, USA (Ret.), Fairfax, Virginia

Thomas R. Hargrove, Galveston, Texas

William J. Houser, Hinsdale, Illinois

Major General Kenneth J. Houghton, USMC (Ret.), La Jolla, California

First Lieutenant Peter Joannides, USA (Ret.), McLean, Virginia

Lieutenant General William K. Jones, USMC (Ret.), Alexandria, Virginia

Brigadier General Frederick J. Karch, USMC (Ret.), Arlington, Virginia

First Lieutenant David Kasten, USA, Glendale, Arizona

General P. X. Kelley, USMC (Ret.), Arlington, Virginia

General Walter T. Kerwin Jr., USA (Ret.), Alexandria, Virginia

General Frederick J. Kroesen, USA (Ret.), Falls Church, Virginia

Ed Kugler, Spring, Texas

Major Jim Land, USMC (Ret.), Woodbridge, Virginia

Lieutenant Colonel James W. Lanning, USA (Ret.), San Marcos, Texas

Bill Laurie, Mesa, Arizona

H. R. (Lefty) Luster, Naturita, California

Major General S. H. Matheson, USA (Ret.), Carmel, California

Lieutenant General William J. McCaffrey, USA (Ret.), Alexandria, Virginia

JoAnna M. McDonald, Carlisle, Pennsylvania

Mike Monfrooe, Bemidji, New Mexico

Jack Murphy, Croydon, Pennsylvania

Lieutenant General Herman Nickerson Jr., USMC (Ret.), Jacksonville, North Carolina

Major Willis L. Powell, USA (Ret.), Columbus, Georgia

Donn R. Proven, Glenview, Illinois

Lieutenant Colonel Jim Reid, USMC (Ret.), Fallbrook, California

Rick Reynolds, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Lieutenant General Elvy B. Roberts, USA (Ret.), San Francisco, California

Terry B. Roderick, Cocoa, Florida

General W. B. Rosson, USA (Ret.), Salem. Virginia

Ray Sautter, Long Beach, California

Captain Scott R. Schoner, USA. Fort Campbell, Kentucky

Lieutenant General Ormond R. Simpson, USMC (Ret.), Bryan, Texas

Gary Smith, Perrin, Texas

James W. Sotherland, Glen Allen, Virginia

Major General Paul F. Smith, USA (Ret.), Melbourne, Florida

Lawrence W. Tahler, Whitefish, Montana

Brigadier General Joseph R. Ulatoski, USA (Ret.), Bellevue, Washington

Joseph T. Ward, Lafayette, Colorado

Ray Weiner, Roselle, Illinois

General William C. Westmoreland, USA (Ret.), Charleston, South Carolina

General Fred C. Weyand, USA (Ret.), Honolulu, Hawaii

Gary M. White, Phoenix, Arizona

Colonel Nevin Williams, USA (Ret.), Carmichael, California

Major General Ellis W. Williamson, USA (Ret.), Arlington, Virginia

Darryl Young, Carmel, California

Department of the Army, General Officer Management Office, Washington, D.C.

Department of the Navy, Office of Information, Washington, D.C.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles, California

Pentagon Library, Washington, D.C.

Phoenix Public Library, Phoenix, Arizona

Public Affairs Office, Fort Campbell, Kentucky

Public Affairs Office, Fort Benning, Georgia

Public Affairs Office, NAB Coronado, California

Public Affairs Office, Quantico, Virginia

Public Affairs Office, Schofield Barracks, Hawaii

Redcatcher, Inc., McLean, Virginia

Scottsdale Public Library, Scottsdale, Arizona

Southwest Business, Industry, and Rehabilitation Association, Phoenix, Arizona

U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit, Fort Benning, Georgia

U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania

U.S. Army Public Affairs Office, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Army Recruiting Command, Phoenix, Arizona

U.S. Marine Corps Public Affairs, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Marine Corps Museum and Library, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Marine Corps Recruiting Station, Phoenix, Arizona

U.S. Marine Corps University, Quantico, Virginia

U.S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland

To
Gerald Hugh “Gerry” Corcoran

By Michael Lee Lanning