Jeremy Varon (76 page)

Studentenbund (SDS); Students

state governments.
See
American govern-

for a Democratic Society (SDS)

ment; German government; state

Seale, Bobby, 154, 159, 333n14

violence

The Seed,
Chicago, 84

state violence, 94, 98; German prisons,

September 11, 2001, 4, 19, 311,

220–21, 223, 255;
Gewaltmonopol,

316n20

272–74, 276; Jackson State, 10, 178;

“Serve the People” slogan, 138–40,

Kent State University, 10, 131, 174,

142–43, 155

178, 181; leftist violence mirroring/

sex: fascist morality, 244; gay liberation

challenging, 39, 73, 168, 170, 186–

movement, 149, 179; lesbian WUO

87, 235, 242–43, 254–55, 273–74;

collectives, 291; political rape, 163;

magnitude next to leftist violence,

Weatherman and, 58, 60, 291.
See

170, 195; vs. mass demonstrations,

also
gender

116–17; Nazi/ U.S. compared,

sexism: New Left, 103, 149; Weather-

326n85; Ohnesorg killing, 39; vs.

man, 59–60, 149

people of color, 14, 22, 36–37, 153–

Shero, Jeff, 78

57, 159, 162–64, 186, 275, 318n41,

Sichermann, Barbara, 239

333nn15,19, 334n40; under Reagan,

silent majority, 330n64; Baudrillard on,

316n19; repressive antiterrorism,

140–43, 146; pro-Vietnam War, 116–

14–15, 254–89, 303–4, 311, 351–

17, 134–43, 146, 330nn64,66,67

52n1; Vietnam War, 35, 162, 194–

SLA, 292, 294, 295, 300, 342n217

95, 201–3, 210, 331n71, 332n89,

slavery, U.S., 99

341n214.
See also
CIA; civil rights

Social Democratic Party (SPD), Ger-

violations; fascism; FBI; law enforce-

man, 31, 233, 258; and antiter-

ment; militarism; National Guard;

rorism, 270, 274, 276, 278, 280,

Nazism/fascism; police; prison;

285–86

torture

socialism, 7, 103, 129; German leftists

Stern
(magazine), 215

392

Index

Stern, Susan, 166; Chicago Democratic

Teufel, Fritz, 201

convention demonstrations (1968),

Teuns, Sjef, 217–18

94–95; Days of Rage, 76, 79; Flint,

theater, 167, 336n92

158, 162, 166; and Manson, 162,

Third World revolutions, 1, 6–10, 34,

169, 337n102

224–25, 314n3; black movement

Sternebeck, Sigrid, 243–44

akin to, 24; Cuba, 8, 52, 56–57, 73,

Stone, I. F., 165, 176–77

79, 119, 314n3; Debray and, 56–57;

Stonewall riot, 149

manual, 71–72, 323–24n182; RAF

Stop the Draft Week, Oakland, 25

and, 8, 9–10, 70; Weatherman and,

Stroeble, Hans-Christian, 266–67, 269

8, 9–10, 50–59, 90, 138, 165–66,

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS),

186, 193, 294.
See also
National

7–8, 22–24, 45–50, 173; antiwar

Liberation Front (NLF)/Viet Cong

demonstration (1965), 23, 148;

“Time to Die” (Wicker), 149

collapse, 49–50, 105, 188; Colum-

tolerance: German democratic, 39, 283,

bia, 25, 28, 29–30; convention

304–5; Marcuse on, 42–43, 283.

(1968), 138–39; democracy prac-

See also
intolerance

ticed by, 22, 25, 29, 49; FBI report,

“To Posterity” (Brecht), 89

332n5; founders, 25, 80, 175;

torture, isolation, 216–23, 226–29, 267,

ideology, 22, 23, 45–46, 47, 48, 294;

269, 300, 303

National Convention in Chicago

“Torture in the Prisons of the FRG”

(1969), 49–50, 61–62, 74–112;

teach-in, 219

National Council, 47, 158; news-

“Toward a Revolutionary Youth Move-

paper
FIRE!,
107–9, 111, 124, 157,

ment,” 47

166; revolutionary politics, 23–24,

Trikont-Verlag publishing, 261, 262

30, 37, 47–51, 55; UFF roots, 298;

Trotskyites, Germany, 67

Weatherbureau office, 57, 153, 171

Tunisia, student protests, 102

Sturm, Beate, 72

Tupamaros, 71, 110

suicides, 97, 229; BPP and, 81, 97; Days

Tupamaros—West Berlin, 208

of Rage as, 79, 85; RAF prisoners/

murders, 11, 197, 198, 222, 223,

UFF, 298–300

228–30, 233–34, 343n3

Ulmer, Helmut, 234

Sweden, Germany embassy seizure,

underground, 178, 225–26; German

196–97

antiterrorist laws and, 257; J2M,

Swinton, Patricia, 118, 178

236; Klein, 251; Lang, 268; RAF,

Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), 292,

72, 225–26, 231–33, 243, 254, 306;

294, 295, 300, 342n217

Weatherman (WUO), 81, 83–84,

symbol: RAF as, 2, 198–200, 206, 228–

151–59, 171–73, 179–87, 291–301,

29; Schleyer as, 279, 281; symbolic

340n173

violence, 186, 199, 202, 206, 229,

Underground
movie, 293

238; Weatherman as, 2, 127, 152,

underground press, American, 38, 84–86,

175, 194, 293

97–98;
Ann Arbor Argus,
85, 164;

sympathizers, German antiterrorism vs.,

Berkeley Tribe,
85, 165, 168–69,

257–69, 282–83, 286

177–78; Chicago’s
The Seed,
84;

“Sympathy for the Devil” (Rolling

DeKalb’s
News from Nowhere,
177;

Stones), 169

Detroit’s
Fifth Estate,
97, 177; on

the system, New Left vs., 24–25, 38, 42,

language, 165; Liberation News

43–44, 68, 94

Service (LNS), 84, 125–26, 158,

164; New York’s
Guardian,
84, 103,

taz
newspaper, 303

129, 133, 134, 159; New York’s

television, German, 259

Leviathan,
177;
Quicksilver Times,

terrorism, 192, 314n3; “decade of,” 174–

126, 338n147;
RAT: Subterranean

75; Italy, 174–75, 244, 355n68;

News,
78, 98; SDS’s
FIRE!,
107–9,

Marcuse on, 189; 9/11, 4, 19, 311,

111, 124, 157, 166; Seattle’s
The

316n20; RAF, 174–75, 196, 200–

Helix,
124–25; on Vietnam War

203, 214–15, 314n3; symbolic

demonstrations, 124–26, 129, 133,

violence, 206.
See also
antiterrorism;

134; violent graphics, 88–89, 107–8.

political violence

See also
German leftist press

Index

393

unions: vs. RAF, 281.
See also
labor

74–195, 243, 293–99, 308–11,

United Freedom Front (UFF), 298–300

314n3, 331n75.
See also
National

United States.
See
American government;

Liberation Front (NLF)/Viet Cong

American New Left

violence.
See
political violence

University of California at Santa Barbara,

Vogel, Bernhard, 259, 304–5

37

Vogel, Hans-Jochen, 266

University of Göttingen, AStA (Allge-

Volunteers of America, 309

meiner Studierendenausschuss),

von Drenkmann, Günter, 233, 237, 245

263–64

von Hoffman, Nicholas, 130

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 47,

von Rauch, George, 208, 209

85, 87, 164

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Wagner, Rolf Clemens, 308

bombings, 162, 178, 195

Wagner, Susan, 173

Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers,

The War Within
(Wells), 143–45, 146, 147

36–37, 59

Washington Daily News,
176

Urbach, Peter, 64

Washington Post,
118, 120, 130, 132,

utopianism, 308–10.
See also
optimism

148

Watergate, 14, 293

van Dyck, Elisabeth, 268, 303

Weatherbureau, 57, 75–76, 158–59, 172–

Venceremos, 195

73, 180; office, 57, 153, 171; and

Venceremos Brigades, Cuba, 52, 179–80,

Palmer bombings, 186

331n75

Weatherman, 2–21, 36, 44, 49–62, 74–

Vesper, Berward, 202, 248

195, 310; anti-imperialism, 7, 10,

Vienna, OPEC attack, 268, 351n184

50, 51–56, 72, 137–38, 151, 152,

Vietnam Moratorium Committee (VMC),

162, 294, 298; arrests, 333n13; and

115–16, 126

black Americans, 11–12, 14, 50, 51,

Vietnam War, 14, 23–24, 113–50;

54–55, 77, 81, 90, 92, 99, 108, 154–

American New Left and, 7–17, 21,

65, 184–87, 193–94, 295, 340n181;

26–27, 36, 49, 51–53, 61–62, 74–

bombings by, 11, 76, 112, 131, 149,

195, 243, 293–99, 308–11, 314n3,

171–87, 292, 294–95, 308–9; “bring

331n75; “bring the war home”

the war home” slogan, 61, 83, 124,

slogan, 61, 83, 124, 157; democracy

157; and Chicago 8 conspiracy trial,

and, 114–15, 123–24, 132, 134–36,

77, 80, 81, 82, 154, 159; collectives,

139, 144, 146; economics, 51–52;

57–61, 107, 171–74, 180, 182–83,

German FRG and, 12, 248; German

291; Columbia University, 25, 28–

Nazi past related to, 34, 99–100;

30; consolidation, 171–72; and

German New Left and, 12, 33–35,

counterculture, 60, 78, 158, 183,

42, 66–69, 196, 201–4, 210–12,

184, 185, 292–93; criticism-self-

244, 248; Guevara and, 7, 25; inter-

criticism sessions (CSC or Weather-

nationalism and, 1, 24, 53, 66–67;

fries), 58–59, 107, 291; democracy,

and Iraq, 341n215; liberals and,

55, 58, 124, 130, 182, 294; disso-

27, 115–16, 129; mass demonstra-

lution (1976), 196, 291, 298; FBI

tions vs., 23, 113–35, 137, 142–

and, 10, 14, 78, 82, 117–18, 153,

48; militancy against, 8, 73, 87,

158, 175–82, 293, 295–97, 332n5,

97, 99–100, 113–32, 136–38, 142–

339n164, 358nn34,36; Flint War

47, 157; nonviolent protests, 5, 23,

Council (1969), 151, 152, 158–

90–91, 113–35, 137, 142–46; RAF

66, 181; freaks, 164–65, 180–81;

bombings vs., 210, 211, 212,

in German anarchist press, 203;

344n45; silent majority, 116–17,

and globalization, 321n106; ideol-

134–43, 146, 330nn64,66,67; veter-

ogy, 17, 50, 109, 183, 185, 294;

ans and service people against, 123,

indictments, 176, 181, 296–97,

148, 195, 332n89, 341–42n214;

339n164; informants, 78, 81,

Vietnamese success, 8, 12, 53, 150,

117, 121, 171, 176, 186, 329n16,

290, 331n71; violence of, 35, 162,

339n164; internationalism, 6, 52–

194–95, 201–3, 210, 331n71,

54, 72; inversion policy, 297–98;

332n89, 341n214; Weatherman/

limits to violence, 12–14, 182–95,

WUO and, 7–17, 21, 36, 51, 61,

203, 294; militancy, 8–9, 74–119,

394

Index

Weatherman
(continued)

white guilt, 90–91, 155–56

124–69, 179–95, 294; mirroring/

White Panthers, 158, 169

challenging state violence, 243,

White Rose, 326n85

273; morality, 11, 12–13, 17, 18,

Wicker, Tom, 149

52, 73, 75, 86, 90–93, 98–101, 188–

Wie alles anfing
(Baumann), 261–62

94; mythology, 38, 60, 109, 152,

Wilkerson, Cathy, 78, 339n135; and

293–94; and Nazism, 6, 85, 98–99,

criticism-self-criticism sessions, 59;

326n85; “New Morning—Changing

Days of Rage, 100–101; escaped,

Weather,” 182–88, 340n172; New

173, 175; father’s townhouse, 173;

York townhouse explosion (March

Flint, 161; and Hampton murder,

1970), 10, 13, 151–52, 172–92,

156; SDS newspaper column, 48;

203, 291, 295; Northern California

and townhouse explosion, 173, 181;

summit, 181–82; optimism, 54,

and Weatherman extreme language,

290–91, 293, 308–9; and other

194

armed groups, 341n210; PL conflict,

Winters, “Jake,” 154, 155

47, 49–50, 84, 321n113; police

Wisniewski, Stefan, 303

attacked by, 10, 11, 61–62, 74,

Wolff, Brigitta, 219

77–85, 107–8, 126, 180–81, 183;

women: lesbian WUO collectives, 291;

prison pardons, 300; purges, 171,

militancy vs. Vietnam War, 87; racial

182; RAF compared, 10–18, 21,

political rape of, 163;
Rota Zora,

290–91, 308–9; RAF wanting to

359n45; Weatherman, 59–60, 80,

meet, 69; as RYM I, 321n113; SDS

81, 183, 291.
See also
feminism;

National Convention in Chicago

sexism

(1969), 49–50, 61–62, 74–112;

working class: German leftists and, 67,

sexism, 59–60, 149; Songbook, 159;

68, 214, 231, 236, 261; labor meta-

as symbol, 2, 127, 152, 175, 194,

physic, 22; revolutionary politics

293; underground (WUO), 81, 83–

and, 7, 22, 46–51, 53, 55, 61–62, 67,

84, 151–59, 171–73, 179–87, 291–

68, 77–78, 104, 156, 214, 294; and

301, 340n173; unofficial uniform,

Vietnam War, 127, 135, 330nn64,67;

61; and Vietnam War, 7–17, 21, 36,

Weatherman and, 7, 50–51, 53, 55,

51, 61, 74–195, 243, 293–99, 308–

61–62, 74, 77–78, 85, 104, 108–9,

11, 314n3, 331n75; violence, 3,

156, 165, 294.
See also
labor

7–17, 21, 36, 51, 61, 74–195, 243,

The Wretched of the Earth
(Fanon), 88

294–95, 297–99, 308–9, 310–11,

WUO (Weather Underground Organiza-