John A (60 page)

Howe, “away from tidewater”: Martin,
Causes of Confederation,
p. 44.

Howe, “The builders of Babel” Beck,
Howe,
p. 205.

Tupper, “a great body of the trading men”: Reid,
Source-book,
p. 277.

(fn) Howe, “deadly weapons, so common”: to George Moffat, May 8, 1849.

Howe, “this crazy Confederacy”: Slattery,
McGee,
p. 425.

Brown, “we hear much talkee-talkee”: Careless,
Brown,
vol. 2, p. 165.

Ryerson, “a man does not love the King”: Berger,
Sense of Power,
p. 103.

Rev. Gray, “spirit of
submission
”: ibid.

“nationalistic history”: ibid., p. 90.

“the primacy of the community over individual selfishness”: ibid., p. 103.

Wood, “The bond of union between Canada and the other provinces”: Ajzenstat,
Founding Debates,
pp. 215–17.

Taché, “the last cannon which is shot”:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography,
vol. IX.

Collins, “more than any other Canadian statesman”: Griffith, Speech to Kingston Historical Society.

Davin, “the type of politician”: Willison,
Reminiscences,
pp. 34–37.

British American,
“They are more American”: Waite,
Life and Times,
p. 230.

CHAPTER 21: THE TURN OF THE SCREW

Cardwell, “Our official dispatch”: memorandum, Dec. 10, 1864, Colonial Office.,
British North American Provinces Correspondence Respecting the Proposed Union
(London, 1867).

Cardwell (to Monck), “to turn the screw”: Batt,
Monck,
p. 109.

Brown, “Dukes and Duchesses had to give way”: Careless,
Brown,
vol. 2, p. 196.

Galt, “down on the right knee”: Skelton,
Galt,
pp. 379–80.

Brown, “whether Darwin believed”: Martin,
Britain and Confederation,
p. 264.

Derby Day description: ibid., pp. 383–86.

Brown, “are a different race from us”: Careless,
Brown,
vol. 2, p. 197.

Galt, “We were treated as if we were ambassadors”: Martin,
Britain and Confederation,
p. 261.

Macdonald, “This is the greatest honour”: letter to Louisa, June 17, 1865, Johnson,
Affectionately,
pp. 98–99.

Telegraph
's calculation of election result: Waite,
Life and Times,
p. 246.

Tilley, “an expenditure of 8 or ten thousand dollars”: Martin,
Foundations,
p. 372.

Gordon, “I am convinced I can make (or buy)”: ibid., vol. 2., p. 209.

Brown, no “personal aspirations whatever”: ibid., vol. 2, p. 201.

Macdonald, “The union of all the Provinces is a fixed fact”:
Ottawa Citizen,
Sept. 29, 1865.

Brown, “Thank Providence—I am a free man”: Careless,
Brown,
vol. 2, p. 207.

Brown, “is a very serious matter for the Maritime provinces”: ibid., p. 189.

Brown, “a most inconvenient and inexpedient device”:
Globe,
Aug. 8, 1866.

Brown, “I want to be free to write”: Waite,
Life and Times,
p. 43.

Macdonald on Brown, “gave me assistance” Moore,
Fathers,
p. 246.

Memorial services for Lincoln in black churches: Winks,
Civil War,
p. 166.

Monck, “helplessness, inertness and dependence”: Stacey, “Fenianism,” p. 248.

McMicken detective, “one thousand dollars is offered in gold”: Slattery,
McGee,
p. 303.

Tilley to Macdonald, “Telegraph me in cipher” and “To be frank with you,” and Galt to Macdonald, “That
means
had better be used”: Martin,
Foundations,
pp. 373–74; and Wilson, “New Brunswick and Confederation,” pp. 23–24.

McMicken detective, “1,500 Fenians landed at Fort Erie”: Senior,
Last Invasion,
p. 83, and following description of Fenian battles.

Globe,
“The autonomy of British America”: Stacey, “Fenianism,” p. 252.

Monck to Macdonald, “valuable time is being lost”: Reid,
Source-book,
pp. 280–81.

Macdonald, “The proceedings have arrived at the stage that success is certain”: ibid.

Monck, “your right as a leader of the Government”: ibid.

Macdonald vomits on Government House chair: Batt,
Monck,
p. 34.

Macdonald, “Look here McGee”: Slattery,
McGee,
p. 337.

Brown, “John A was drunk on Friday”: Careless,
Brown,
vol. 2, p. 234.

Macdonald, “The Bill should not be finally settled”: Reid,
Source-book,
pp. 282–83.

Globe
scoop on BNA Act: Careless,
Brown,
vol. 2, pp. 240–41.

Macdonald, “the Act once passed”: letter to Tilley, Oct. 8, 1866, ibid.

CHAPTER 22: THE MAN OF THE CONFERENCE

Langevin, “Macdonald is a sharp fox”: Moore,
1867,
p. 212. Pp. 390–91 Macdonald, “no minutes of the various discussions should be taken”: Martin,
Foundations,
p. 385.

Macdonald, “avoid any publicity”: ibid., p. 386.

Morning Chronicle,
“vanity struck”: Waite,
Life and Times,
p. 295.

Howe, “lonely, weary and vexed”:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography,
vol. X.

Carnarvon, “occasionally so drunk as to be incapable”: Martin,
Britain and Confederation,
p. 280.

Macdonald, “for fear that an alarming story may reach you”: letter to Louisa, Dec. 27, 1866, Johnson,
Affectionately,
pp. 102–103.

Macdonald, “We are quite free to discuss points”: Reid,
Source-book,
p. 243.

Reilly, “I can't make bricks”: Martin,
Britain and Confederation,
p. 282.

Thring's draft legislation on independence: ibid., p. 190.

Bury's proposal for agreement on independence: ibid.

Howe, “the almost universal feeling”: ibid., p. 171.

Macdonald, “one of her own family, a Royal prince”:
Parliamentary Debates on Confederation,
Feb. 6, 1865.

Queen Victoria, “dearest Albert had often thought”: Martin, “Queen Victoria and Canada,” p. 227.

(fn) “in some speeches he had said”: Monck,
My Canadian Leaves,
p. 82.

Disraeli, “It is so like Derby”: letter to Lord Knutsford, July 18, 1889, LAC, Macdonald Fonds, vol. 529.

(fn) Monck, “the natural yearning”: Batt,
Monck,
p. 143.

(fn) Tilley's letter on “Dominion”: LAC, F/5002, T-54.

Carnarvon, “derives its political existence”: Scott, “Political Nationalism,” p. 407.

“One might almost say”: P.B. Waite, “Ideas and Politics in British North America, 1864–66,” PhD thesis, University of Toronto, 1953, p. 443.

Smith, “the sentiment of provincial independence”:
Macmillan's Magazine,
London, p. 408.

Anderson, “imagined communities”: Gwyn,
Nationalism Without Walls,
p. 20.

“Not life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”: Morton,
Canadian Identity,
p. 111 (1961 ed.).

CHAPTER 23: TWO UNIONS

Lady Macdonald, “My diaries as Miss Bernard”: Reynolds,
Agnes,
p. 45.

Lady Macdonald, “I also know that my love of Power is strong”: ibid., p. 50.

Macdonald, “I don't care for office for the sake of money”: Thompson,
Reminiscences,
p. 231.

Lady Macdonald, “I have found something worth living for” and “I often look in astonishment”: Newman,
Album,
p. 86.

Bernard, “everything to dissuade”:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography,
vol. XII, Macdonald, p. 605.

“tall, tawny, and…rather ‘raw-boned'”: Biggar.
Anecdotal Life,
p. 99.

Lady Macdonald, “The French seem always wanting everything”: Gwyn,
Private Capital,
p. 95.

Lady Macdonald, “tearing down a steep forest roadway”: Phenix,
Private Demons,
p. 164.

Lady Macdonald, “A forcible yet changeful face”: Macpherson,
Macdonald,
p. 315.

Macdonald, “very fine eyes”: ibid., p. 315.

Pp. 410–11 Lady Macdonald, “a delicious country for the rich”: Reynolds,
Agnes,
p. 55.

Ottawa Citizen,
“a bunch of violets”: ibid., p. 39.

Macdonald, “My wife likes it from its novelty to her”: letter to Louisa, March 21, 1867, Johnson,
Affectionately,
pp. 103–104.

Carnarvon, “We are laying the foundation of a great State”: Bliss,
Canadian History,
pp. 109–110.

Macdonald, “H.M. said—‘It is a very important measure'”: letter to Louisa, March 21, 1867, Johnson,
Affectionately,
p. 104.

Nova Scotian, “The great body of the house was utterly indifferent”: Farr,
Colonial Office,
p. 16. Pp. 415–16 Macdonald, “This remarkable event”: letter to Lord Knutsford, July 18, 1884, LAC, Macdonald Fonds, vol. 529.

McGee, “Everyone knew the result was a foregone conclusion”: Martin,
Britain and Confederation,
p. 289.

Royal Proclamation, 1763, Indians, “not be molested or disturbed”: Russell,
Constitutional Odyssey,
p. 32.

(fn) Lack of debate at Westminster on colonial subjects: Porter,
Absent-Minded Imperialists,
p. 107.

Bennett “leaving their bones to bleach in a foreign land”: Martin,
Britain and Confederation,
p. 62.

BNA Act a blueprint for South Africa and Ireland: Hyam,
British Imperial Century,
p. 201.

Macdonald, “We must, therefore, become important”: Browne,
Documents on Confederation,
pp. 95–96.

CHAPTER 24: IDEA IN THE WILDERNESS

Meredith, “John A. carried out of the lunchroom, hopelessly drunk”: Gwyn,
Private Capital,
p. 97.

Feo Monck, Ottawa “beastly”:
Monck Letters,
p. 214.

Meredith, “The more I see of Ottawa”: Gwyn,
Private Capital,
pp. 36–37.

Smith, “the tempering and restraining influences”:
Macmillan's,
May 1865.

(fn) “A Canadian settler
hates
a tree”: Jameson,
Winter Studies,
p. 49.

Trollope, “The noblest architecture”: Gwyn,
Private Capital,
p. 38.

Macdonald, tower of West Block “like a cow bell”: Slattery,
McGee,
p. 338.

“a visionary, if slightly uncertain, idea in the wilderness”: Gwyn,
Private Capital,
p. 38.

McGee, “give way neither to Galt”: Slattery,
McGee,
p. 392.

Macdonald, “if the list were settled now”: Pope,
Memoirs,
Appendix XV, pp. 727–28.

Galt, “It is an ingracious and most unusual thing”: Slattery,
McGee,
p. 392.

Bourget, “l'obeissance à l'autorité constituée” and statement by Quebec bishops: Waite,
Life and Times,
pp. 300–301.

Cartier, “The question is reduced to this”: Ajzenstat,
Founding Debates,
p. 183.

Tribune,
“When the experiment of the ‘dominion'”: Shippee,
Canadian-American Relations,
pp. 198–99.

Sumner, “a visible step”: Callahan,
American Foreign Policy,
p. 308.

Seward, “I know that Nature designs”: Shippee,
Canadian-American Relations,
p. 200.

Taylor, “events have presented to the people”: Callahan,
American Foreign Policy,
p. 304.

Nor'Wester,
“Americanism has become rampant”: Waite,
Pre-Confederation,
p. 147.

Stanley, “Many people would dislike the long boundary line” and “if they choose to separate”: Stacey, “Britain's Withdrawal,” p. 15.

Adderley, “It seems to me impossible”: Waite,
Life and Times,
p. 317.

Times,
“We look to Confederation as the means of relieving this country”: Stacey, “Britain's Withdrawal,” p. 14.

Galt, “I am more than ever disappointed”: Skelton,
Galt
, pp. 410–11.

Macdonald, “British North America is now merely a geographical description”: letter to Monck, April 5, 1867, Pope,
Memoirs,
p. 730.

Pp. 435–36 Lady Macdonald, “This new Dominion of ours”: Gwyn,
Private Capital,
p. 191.

Vindicator,
“some of them rush[ed] so closely”: Louella Creighton,
Elegant Canadians,
pp. 170–71.

Morning Chronicle,
“Died! Last night at twelve o'clock,” refusal to allow Queen's Proclamation, and Yarmouth with no gun salute: Granatstein and Hillmer,
First Drafts,
pp. 83–84.

Brown, “With the first dawn of this gladsome midsummer morn”: Careless,
Brown,
vol. 2, p. 252.

Reporter,
“From Halifax to Sarnia”: Waite, “Ideas and Politics in British North America, 1864–66,” thesis, p. 442.

Times,
“It supposes a nationality”: Waite,
Pre-Confederation,
p. 251.

Smith, “to hold together a set of elements”:
The Week,
April 10, 1884.

Gowan, “artificer in chief”: Pope,
Correspondence
, p. 43.

 

Bibliography

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

The motherlode of Macdonaldiana is located in the Library and Archives Canada (LAC), in Ottawa. His fonds comprise 805 rectangular cardboard boxes that, if stacked side by side, would stretch 37 metres. By contrast, the collection of Pierre Trudeau extends to 851 metres, or more than twenty times as long, and that of Brian Mulroney to 722 metres. The volume of paperwork generated by and for Canadian prime ministers thus expands to fill the capacity of the technology available to generate it, as well as the number of officials assisting in its production, and also, perhaps, to meet an ever-growing prime ministerial conviction of accomplishment.

Macdonald was well served, nevertheless. He claimed to have kept a copy of every letter he sent (largely true, his personal letters excepted) and to be able to put his hand on every letter he received (substantially untrue, according to his confidential secretary and biographer, Joseph Pope). After Macdonald's death, Pope, besides writing three books about him, devoted his retirement to sorting out what he called Macdonald's “appalling mass of correspondence.” Between 1914 and 1917, Pope handed over 714 “bundles” of letters to the then Public Archives. Later rearranged professionally, these letters form the foundation of LAC's collection of Macdonaldiana. There are gaps: during his stints in opposition, 1862 to 1864 and 1873 to 1879, Macdonald wrote and kept little.
Additional material has been added over the years—the most recent, quoted in this book, being Macdonald's letter to a British lawyer on April 9, 1867, expressing his concern about possible American military action against the putative new nation. Gaps have been filled and the collection enriched, but the basic record is pretty much as it was a century ago.

Suggestions have been made that Pope was unduly protective of his former master, particularly because, after handing over his “bundles,” he burned the rest. Pope insisted there was nothing in the residue that “could not stand the light of day.” This is probably true. Pope, although a fierce defender of Macdonald, included in his books letters and papers that showed him in an adverse light; Queen's University principal George Munro Grant carped in his review of Pope's 1894 biography that it contained information about public figures that “contribute[d] nothing of the slightest consequence to our knowledge of the man or of the times.”

All this material about Macdonald resides in the LAC cardboard boxes bearing the descriptor MG26-A. Besides Macdonald's outgoing letters (preserved in the form of copies of the originals, then stored in “letter-boxes”), the collection includes incoming letters from close to one hundred individuals with whom Macdonald corresponded regularly, and also his memoranda to the governor general and to the cabinet, state papers and ephemera such as railway tickets and programs for state occasions.

One invaluable aid to researchers exists now, as wasn't the case for Donald Creighton, who had to work entirely from the original handwritten letters and before the invention of the photocopier. In the early 1960s, the then National Library committed itself to publishing all of Macdonald's annotated correspondence. Two volumes were completed, covering the years 1836 to 1861. In the mid-1970s the project was halted for lack of funds. In fact a third volume, extending to mid-1867, was all but completed by this time; its contents are in the archives—Vol. 589, Macdonald Fonds. In addition, Pope published a selection of Macdonald's correspondence containing some 750 letters, as well as those in his Memoirs. The historian Keith Johnson (editor of the National Library
volumes) has published in the book
Affectionately Yours
the 205 extant letters exchanged between members of Macdonald's family.

To any researcher these materials are all an immense boon. But they are incomplete. For Macdonald's entire post-Confederation term, nothing has changed since Creighton's day (laptop computers and photocopiers notwithstanding). Macdonald's later letters are available on microfilm, but often these are almost unreadable due to the passage of time and the poor quality of the original technology.

Here, Macdonald has been served less well than have two contemporaries of lesser consequence to Canadians. As a result of a federal grant, the writings of Louis Riel have been published. As the result of another federal grant, Queen's University in Kingston, which owes its existence in part to Macdonald, is engaged in publishing the writings of British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli (the seventh volume came out in 2006, with about as many still to go). Yes to Riel, of course. Yes likewise to Disraeli, Queen's having acquired a valuable collection of his writings. But why not Macdonald's life record? (The author must declare an “interest,” since the research for Volume Two of this work will be a good deal slower.)

A last observation in this bibliographical note. Primary sources, such as original letters, are of course the vein of gold for which every historian searches. In fact a great many of the secondary sources listed in the succeeding pages contain primary material that their authors have panned, either from Macdonald's original “appalling mass” of material or from other contemporary sources. The great majority of the books and articles and theses by professional historians listed below postdate Creighton's research of the 1950s. This author thus has been able to peer both ahead and backwards by standing on the shoulders of a great many first-rate post-Creighton researchers. Whenever it seemed appropriate, a particular author has been mentioned in the text or in a footnote. The purpose of this note is to thank all the others who have helped do the work from which this book has emerged.

PRIMARY SOURCES

Almost all of Macdonald's outgoing letters up to Confederation Day have been published in LAC's (then the National Library) two volumes for the period 1834 to 1861 or can be easily accessed in the intended third volume for the period 1862 to May 1867.

An additional important source of pre-Confederation material is contained in LAC's volumes of correspondence between Macdonald and particular individuals. Among these collections, the most important are Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau, E.W. Biggar, William Hume Blake and George Brown, all packed into Vol. 188 of the MG26-A Macdonald Fonds; Alexander Campbell, Vol. 194; George-Étienne Cartier, Vol. 202; Richard Cartwright, Vol. 204; Alexander Galt, Vol. 216; Archbishop Lynch, Vol. 228; D'Arcy McGee, Vol. 231; Gilbert McMicken and Allan MacNab, jointly, Vol. 246; Étienne Taché, Vol. 273; Leonard Tilley, Vol. 276; Charles Tupper, Vol. 282.

Other pre-Confederation volumes in the Macdonald Fonds are grouped under the heading of “Subject Files.” Among these are Quebec Conference, Vol. 46; London Conference, Vol. 47; B.N.A Act drafts, Vols. 48, 49; Fenians, Vol. 56–58; Governors General Head, Vol. 74, and Monck, Vol. 75; Minutes of Council, Militia and Defence, Vol. 103; Intercolonial Railway, Vol. 120; Reciprocity, 1865–66 (Vol. 145); Visits to England, Vol. 161.

Other relevant private papers, mostly in the LAC collection, are George Brown, LAC (MG24-B40); Isaac Buchanan, Hamilton Public Library; Edward Cardwell, Public Records Office, London (30/48); Alexander Campbell, Ontario Archives (F-23); Mercy Coles, Diary, LAC (MG24 B66); Alexander T. Galt, LAC (MG27-ID8); James Gowan, LAC (MG27–1E17); John Rose (Macdonald Papers, Vol. 258–59); and Charles Tupper, LAC (MG26-F).

PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES/SPEECHES

 

Debates of the Legislative Assembly of United Canada, 1842
–
1856.
(Transcripts of subsequent legislature debates to 1867 are in the process of being published by the Parliamentary Library.)

 

Parliamentary Debates on the Subject of the Confederation of the British North America Provinces, 3rd Session, 8th Provincial Parliament of Canada.
Quebec: Hunter, Rose & Co., 1865.

 

Address of the Hon. John A. Macdonald to the Electors of the City of Kingston, with Extracts from Mr. Macdonald's Speeches Delivered on Different Occasions in the Years 1860 and 1861.
No Publisher, 1861.

An invaluable selection of material on both the Confederation Debates and the equivalent debates in the provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, Manitoba, British Columbia) is contained in Janet Ajzenstat, ed.,
Canada's Founding Debates
(Toronto: Stoddart, 1999).

OFFICIAL SOURCES

Specific relevant official sources are quoted in the notes for each chapter, such as, in Chapter 13, Governor General Head's memorandum on what it takes to govern Canada. In fact a great many documents and official communications of the period are in readily available books and articles. Among these:

Bliss, Michael.
Canadian History in Documents, 1763
–
1966.
Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1966.

Browne, G.P.
Documents on the Confederation of British North America.
Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1969.

Doughty, Arthur G., ed. “Notes on the Quebec Conference, 1864”
Canadian Historical Review
1, no. 1 (1920).

Elgin, James Bruce, Earl of.
The Elgin-Grey papers, 1846–1852.
Edited by Arthur G. Doughty. Ottawa: Printer to the King, 1937.

Forbes, H.D., ed.
Canadian Political Thought.
Toronto: Oxford University Press Canada, 1985.

Granatstein, J.L., and Norman Hillmer.
First Drafts: Eyewitness Accounts from Canada's Past.
Toronto: Thomas Allen, 2002.

George Brown to his wife,
13 Sept. 1864, (George Brown Papers, pp. 1029–36),
Canadian Historical Review
48, no. 1 (1967): 110.

Morton, W.L.
Monck Letters and Journals, 1863–1868: Canada from Government House at Confederation.
Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1970.

Ormsby, W.G. “Letters to Galt Concerning the Maritime Provinces and Confederation”
Canadian Historical Review
34, no. 2 (1953).

Pope, Joseph, ed.
Confederation: Being a Series of Hitherto Unpublished Documents Bearing on the British North America Act.
Toronto: Carswell, 1895.

Reid, J.H. Stewart, Kenneth McNaught, and Harry S. Crowe.
A Source-book of Canadian History.
Toronto: Longmans, Green, 1959.

“Sir Edmund Walker Head's Memorandum on the Choice of Ottawa as the Seat of Government of Canada” Notes and Documents,
Canadian Historical Review
16 (1935).

Smith, Wilfrid. Introduction to “Charles Tupper's Minutes of the Charlottetown Conference”
Canadian Historical Review
48, no. 1 (1967).

Waite, Peter B. “Ed Whelan's Reports from the Quebec Conference”
Canadian Historical Review
42, no. 1 (1961).

———.
Pre-Confederation.
Canadian Historical Documents Series, vol. 2. Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice-Hall of Canada, 1965.

Whelan, Edward.
The Union of the British Provinces, a Brief Account of the Several Conferences Held in the Maritime Provinces and in Canada, in September and October, 1864
, on the Proposed Confederation of the Provinces. Charlottetown, 1865.

NEWSPAPERS

The complete reports of the Toronto
Globe
for the period 1844 to 1867 are available on-line at the Toronto Public Library website,
www.tpl.toronto.on.ca
.

Extensive extracts from newspaper reports of the period are contained in: Silver, Arthur I. “Quebec and the French-Speaking Minorities, 1864–1917.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, 1973.

———.
The French-Canadian Idea of Confederation, 1864–1900.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1982.

Waite, Peter B.
The Life and Times of Confederation, 1864–1867: Politics, Newspapers, and the Union of British North America.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962. (Included is an extensive list of all relevant newspapers for the period, pp. 334–38.)

SECONDARY SOURCES

BOOKS ABOUT MACDONALD AND FAMILY CONSULTED DURING THE RESEARCH

(A prime source of biographical and related material about all of the major figures of the time is the authoritative
Dictionary of Canadian Biography,
vols. 7 to 14.)

Adam, G. Mercer.
Canada's Patriot Statesman: The Life and Career of the Right Honourable Sir John A. Macdonald.
Based on the work of Edmund Collins, revised. Toronto: Rose, 1891.

Angus, Margaret.
John A. Lived Here.
Kingston: Frontenac Historic Foundation, 1984.

Biggar, E.B.
Anecdotal Life of Sir John Macdonald.
Montreal: Lovell, 1891.

Bliss, Michael.
Right Honorable Men: The Descent of Canadian Politics from
Macdonald to Chrétien.
Toronto: HarperPerennial Canada, 2004.

Collins, Joseph Edmund.
Life and Times of the Rt. Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, Premier of the Dominion of Canada.
Toronto: Rose, 1883.

Creighton, Donald Grant.
John A. Macdonald.
Vol. 1,
The Young Politician,
and vol. 2,
The Old Chieftain.
Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1952.

———.
John A. Macdonald, Confederation and the West.
Winnipeg: Manitoba Historical Society, 1967.

Johnson, J.K.
Affectionately Yours: The Letters of Sir John A. Macdonald and His Family.
Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1969.

———. “John A. Macdonald.” In
The Pre-Confederation Premiers: Ontario Government Leaders, 1841–1867,
edited by J.M.S. Careless. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980.

———.
John A. Macdonald: The Young Non-Politician
. Ottawa: CHA Papers, 1976.

———, ed.
The Letters of Sir John A. Macdonald, 1836–1857.
Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1968.

Johnson, J.K., and Carole B. Stelmack, eds.
The Letters of Sir John A. Macdonald, 1858–1861.
Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1969.

Maclean, W.F. “The Canadian Themistocles.”
Canadian Magazine
4 (1894): 253–60.