Authors: Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR,World War II Espionage
Tags: #Nonfiction
In 1918, as Franklin returned: Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time,
pp. 19â20.
“a woman of lofty liberal principles. . . .”: Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
p. xi.
By 1941, with her husband invalided: Goodwin, pp. 434â35.
His report made clear: PSF Box 57.
“We failed to see. . . .”: Eric Larrabee,
Commander in Chief,
p. 9.
“
TORCH
was a project. . . .”: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 286.
“I feel very strongly. . . .”: ibid., p. 289.
“. . . [T]he assumption [is]. . . .”: ibid.
Under a secret arrangement: Sheridan Nichols, “The Light That Failed: Intelligence Gathering Activities in North Africa Prior to Operation Torch,”
Maghreb Review
4 (July/December 1979), p. 135.
Donovan was to find out: ibid., p. 136.
The organization was to invent: Nathan Miller,
Spying for America,
p. 270.
“I've never met him. . . .”: Nichols, p. 135.
With the arrival of Colonel Eddy: ibid.
“All their thoughts are centered. . . .”: Francis Russell,
The Secret War,
p. 96.
“complacently neutral. . . .”: Christopher Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
p. 134.
Nearly 100,000 troops: Donald A. Walker, “OSS and Operation Torch,”
Journal of Contemporary History,
vol. 22 (1987), p. 673.
“That place is a sieve! . . .”: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 287.
“Don't worry about Cordell. . . .”: Andrew, p. 134.
Murphy left Roosevelt: ibid.
“You know I am not supposed. . . .”: Sherwood, p. 633.
According to anti-Nazi: Walker, p. 668.
The President had taken out: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 290.
The President had it on good authority: ibid., p. 293.
The ship count for Torch: Martin Blumenson,
Mark Clark,
pp. 75â76.
Murphy communicated Mast's wishes: ibid., p. 77.
Attending the meeting: ibid., pp. 77â79.
Clark was to try to enlist: ibid., p. 79.
“I am leaving in twenty minutes. . . .”: ibid., pp. 79â80.
He and the men boarding: ibid., pp. 79â81.
By 6 a.m. Clark's party: ibid., p. 81.
Mast then asked for: ibid., p. 82.
Not until the middle: ibid., pp. 84â85.
There, Eisenhower decided: ibid., p. 87.
“The P. had an awful nightmare. . . .”: Suckley, Binder 16, p. 258.
“We have landed in North Africa. . . .”: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 292.
As the forces landed: Miller, p. 271.
General Mast managed: Peter Young, ed.,
The World Almanac Book of World War II,
pp. 181â82.
Colonel Eddy's team had amassed: Nichols, p. 136.
The enemy was where: Walker, p. 669.
That enemies could penetrate: Gentry, p. 245.
Hitler had revealed his timetable: PSF Box 2; Orville H. Bullitt, ed.,
For the President, Personal and Secret: Correspondence Between Franklin D. Roosevelt and William C. Bullitt,
pp. 319â21.
He had even braved the disfavor: Richard Rhodes,
The Making of the Atomic Bomb,
p. 525.
Roosevelt was already attacked: Lucy S. Dawidowicz, “Could the United States Have Rescued the European Jews from Hitler?”
This World,
Fall 1985, p. 21.
Bigots parodied his New Deal: Goodwin, p. 102.
In that period, before war broke out: Liva Baker,
Felix Frankfurter,
pp. 200â201.
Instead of going to Roosevelt: letter, Rosenman to Berle, Oct. 19, 1939, FDRL.
The transcript Bullitt had sent: Joseph E. Persico,
Nuremberg,
p. 282.
“The Jew party [was]. . . .”: Goodwin, p. 102.
“I now think he travelled. . . .”: James Roosevelt,
My Parents,
p. 219.
A 1938 Roper poll: Goodwin, p. 102.
The tight immigration laws: William J. vanden Heuvel, “America, FDR and the Holocaust,”
Society,
vol. 34, no. 6 (October 1997), p. 3.
Even unfilled quotas: Dawidowicz, pp. 16, 17.
A bill introduced in the House: Goodwin, p. 101.
The saga of the SS
St. Louis:
ibid., p. 102.
Many who landed: vanden Heuvel, p. 5;
Washington Post,
Aug. 2, 1998; Goodwin, p. 102.
“The whole trouble is in England”: John Morton Blum,
Years of War, 1941â1945: From the Morgenthau Diaries,
p. 208.
“some very wonderful. . . .”: ibid., p. 207.
“I actually would put a barbed wire. . . .”: ibid., p. 208.
All had turned out: Charles Roetter,
The Art of Psychological Warfare: 1914â1945,
p. 46.
“The post-war settlement. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 1, Frames 543, 544.
“From Midland. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 23, Frames 22, 23.
One account described: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,”
Washingtonian,
vol. 31 (June 1996).
His agents interrogated: Irwin F. Gellman,
Secret Affairs,
p. 283.
“Yesterday's cleansing action in Slonim. . . .”: David Stafford,
Churchill and Secret Service,
p. 298.
“The number of Jews engaged. . . .”: Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jonas, eds.,
Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence,
p. 308.
The largest number: Goodwin, p. 101.
One, the Portuguese: Joseph E. Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 3.
Throughout the war: Robert H. Ferrell,
The Dying President: Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1944â1945,
p. 150.
chapter xvi: an exchange: an invasion for a bomb
The President pointed out: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 235; Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
pp. 47â48.
“vast and conspicuous factories”: Eric Larrabee,
Commander in Chief,
p. 646.
“when the President said he. . . .”: ibid.
That matter settled:
FRUS,
3d Washington Conference, p. 2.
Besides, the British considered: Larrabee, p. 645.
Two American physicists:
FRUS,
p. 4.
What the British had shared: H. D. Smythe, “The Smythe Report,”
Library Chronicles,
p. III6.
“[I]nterchange on design. . . .”:
FRUS,
p. 5.
Serving with the Army:
American National Biography,
vol. 5, pp. 284â315.
Conant expressed General Groves's position: HH Box 132.
Upon learning that FDR approved:
FRUS,
p. 6.
“The War Department is asking. . . .”: ibid., p. 1.
“There is no question of breach. . . .”: ibid., p. 2.
“. . . entirely destroys. . . .”: ibid., p. 5.
The Americans had chucked: ibid., p. 3.
His government wanted to share: HH Box 132.
“impossible [and] dangerous”: Brian Loring Villa, “The Atomic Bomb and the Normandy Invasion,”
Perspectives in American History
2 (1977â1978), p. 472.
At one point, he told: ibid., p. 499.
“never had any intention. . . .”: ibid., p. 481.
And a conciliatory FDR: ibid., p. 483.
“since our program is not suffering. . . .”:
FRUS,
First Quebec Conference, p. 631.
The secretary of war advised: Villa, p. 478.
“I think you made a firm commitment. . . .”: HH Box 132.
“Dear Van, while I am mindful. . . .”:
FRUS,
Quebec, p. 633.
“magnificent in reconciliation. . . .”: Villa, p. 493.
“to bring the Tube Alloys project. . . .”:
FRUS,
Quebec, Aug. 19, 1943; Villa, p. 495.
“It would be in the best interests. . . .”: HH Box 132.
Among them was a slight: Norman Moss,
Klaus Fuchs,
pp. 36, 45.
“[W]hat you are after is to see. . . .”: Richard Rhodes,
The Making of the Atomic Bomb,
p. 314.
Still, plenty of brainpower remained: Pamela Spence Richards, “Wartime: The OSS and the Periodical Republication Program,” FDRL.
“would throw a man off his horse. . . .”: Thomas Powers,
Heisenberg's War,
p. 151.
“The attached clipping shows. . . .”:
NYT,
April 4, 1943; HH Box 132.
Heisenberg was a loyal German: Thomas Powers, p. 40.
“At every point during the argument. . . .”: ibid., pp. 132, 151.
“Professor Heisenberg had not given. . . .”: Rhodes, p. 405.
Of 1,006 bombs dropped: Thomas Powers, p. 212.
While Bill Donovan was raining: Robin W. Winks,
Cloak and Gown,
p. 176; Nathan Miller,
Spying for America,
p. 245.
Running the scientific smuggling: Richards, p. 262.
Within minutes, a mysterious: ibid., pp. 261â62.
FDR, whose early law practice:
Los Angeles Times,
Sept. 22, 2000
“practically became a member. . . .”: Curt Gentry,
J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 303.
The young man was soon: ibid.
It was from this post: Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time,
p. 420.
Thus investigators opened his mail: Athan Theoharis, ed.,
From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 59.
The general reviewed the CIC record: Gentry, p. 305; Theoharis, p. 63.
“indicated quite clearly that Mrs. Roosevelt. . . .”: Theoharis, p. 61.
“I'm so happy to have been with you. . . .”: Goodwin, p. 420.
“Subject and Mrs. Pratt appeared. . . .”: Gentry, p. 305.
Actually, they had played gin: ibid.
At the prompting of a furious FDR: Goodwin, p. 421.
Marshall ordered the CIC's domestic spying: Theoharis, p. 60.
The CIC was supposed to hunt: ibid., p. 62.
Eleanor went to her husband: Gentry, p. 299.
“This type of investigation. . . .”: ibid.
“[O]h gosh, Hoover has apologized. . . .”: ibid., p. 300.
“anybody who knew anything about this. . . .”: Theoharis, p. 61.
He was to keep the scurrilous: ibid., p. 62.
“bosses want me to speak about”: John Franklin Carter Diary, Feb. 23, 1943.
“Doctors know more about. . . .”: ibid.
He began spouting: PSF Box 98.
Chin lifted, he began dictating: Carter Diary, Feb. 23, 1943.
He believed himself utterly unappreciated: PSF Box 98.
“When the Hitler regime begins. . . .”: ibid.
“The Army could really be turned. . . .”: ibid.
Among his deliveries was the daughter: M 1642, Reel 109, Frame 398.
“Probable Mode of Exit of Adolph Hitler . . .”: PSF Box 98.
“Hitler is familiar enough with ancient history. . . .”: ibid.
He startled his family:
NYT,
Dec. 31, 1974.
On one occasion, the burly envoy: William B. Breuer,
Hoodwinking Hitler,
p. 36.
At one dance hall, he listened impatiently: Ladislas Farago,
The Game of the Foxes,
p. 574.
State Department careerists were less amused: Breuer, p. 36.
The old capital of the Ottoman Empire: Farago, p. 570.
“[W]e had a General. . . .”: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 323.
“I heard the words. . . .”: Anthony Cave Brown,
Bodyguard of Lies,
p. 247.
“A gradual break-up in Germany. . . .”: Winston S. Churchill,
The Second World War: Closing the Ring,
pp. 573â74.
“If you were given two choices. . . .”: Brown,
Bodyguard of Lies,
p. 248.
“[S]uddenly the press conference was on. . . .”: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 323.
A policy of uncompromising total surrender: John Gunther,
Roosevelt in Retrospect,
pp. 332â33.
“Of course, it's just the thing. . . .”: Richard A. Russell,
Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan,
p. 29.
Stalin believed that leaving the Germans:
FRUS,
Cairo Conference, p. 513.
Upon checking into Istanbul's luxurious: Farago, p. 572.
He signed the telegram: ibid.
Ten days after Earle checked into: ibid., p. 576.
“unquestionably a Nazi agent. . . .”: MR Box 13.
“Earle is cooperating. . . .”: ibid.
When the Allied troops did invade: Farago, pp. 578â79.
One day FDR received a large envelope: ibid., p. 577.
“there would be no place. . . .”: ibid., p. 576.
chapter xvii: leakage from the top
Yet, he had trouble persuading: Christopher Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
p. 143.
“I have learned that you seldom. . . .”: ibid.
“C in C [Commander in Chief] combined. . . .”: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 606.
While the Battle of Midway: Andrew, p. 138.
“Oshima often impressed this observer. . . .”: Polmar and Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 417.
“I took occasion to ask him. . . .”: RG 457 #89076.
“Why does Germany have to take . . .?”: RG 457 #92031.
“Before long, as things now look. . . .”: RG 457 #93120.
“Well, it is quite true that these bombings. . . .”: RG 457 #94081.
In one summary, the ambassador: RG 457 CBOM 76.
“Local municipal authorities told me. . . .”: RG 457 #94388.
“The main reason is failure to close. . . .”: RG 457 SRH 111.
“. . . [T]he prisoners tell us. . . .”: RG 457 CBOM 76.
On December 15 the Japanese foreign office: ibid.
“. . . [L]ooking at it from the American point of view. . . .”: RG 457 #74938.
In 1943 over four hundred messages: Polmar and Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 417.