Authors: Roger Moorhouse
Tags: #History, #General, #Europe, #Western, #Germany
3
John Wheeler-Bennett,
The Nemesis of Power—The German Army in Politics, 1918–45
(London, 1961), p. 67.
4
Quoted in John Wheeler-Bennett,
Hindenburg—The Wooden Titan
(London, 1967), p. 237.
5
Ibid., p. 229.
6
Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf (London
, 1969), p. 186.
7
Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, p. 694.
8
Marion Gräfin Dönhoff,
Preuβen—Maβ und Maβlosigkeit
(Berlin, 1998), p. 75.
9
Grand-Admiral Erich Raeder quoted in Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, p. 291.
10
Quoted in Heinz Höhne,
Canaris
(London, 1976), translated by John Brownjohn, p. 172.
11
Quoted in Lauran Paine,
The Abwehr
(London, 1984), p. 33.
12
Quoted in Höhne, op. cit., p. 174.
13
Quoted in J. Noakes and G. Pridham (eds.),
Nazism 1919–45
, Vol. 1 (Exeter, 1983), p. 14.
14
Max Domarus,
Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations, 1932–1945
, Vol. III (London, 1997), p. 1868.
15
For a discussion of the significance of the Hossbach Memorandum, see Jonathan Wright and Paul Stafford, “A Blueprint for War? Hitler and the Hossbach Memorandum,” in
History Today
, Vol. 38, No. 3, March 1988.
16
Ian Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936 Hubris
(London, 2000), p. 50.
17
Quoted in Fabian von Schlabrendorff,
The Secret War Against Hitler
(London, 1966), p. 127.
18
Ian Colvin,
Canaris: Chief of Intelligence
(London, 1951), p. 43.
19
For a short biography of Blomberg, see Walter Görlitz, “Blomberg,” in Correlli Barnett (ed.),
Hitler’s Generals
(London, 1989), pp. 129–39.
20
See Robert O’Neil, “Fritsch, Beck and the Führer,” in Barnett, op. cit., p. 24.
21
Quoted in Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis,p.
372.
22
Paul Leverkuehn,
German Military Intelligence
(London, 1954), p. 27.
23
David Kahn,
Hitler’s Spies—German Military Intelligence in World War II
(London, 1980), p. 218.
24
Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, p. 341.
25
Kahn, op. cit., pp. 314–17.
26
Helmut Krausnick, “Aus dem Personalakten von Canaris,” in
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
(hereafter
VfZ)
, Vol. X, 1962, p. 292.
27
André Brissaud,
Canaris
(London, 1973), p. 5.
28
Höhne, op. cit., p. 167.
29
Ibid., p. 179.
30
General Lahousen’s description of Canaris quoted in Hans Gisevius,
To the Bitter End
(Cambridge, MA, 1947), p. 439.
31
Peter Padfield,
Himmler—Reichsführer-SS
(London, 1990), p. 197.
32
Höhne, op. cit., p. 471.
33
Franz Maria Liedig quoted in Paine, op. cit., p. 29.
34
Kahn, op. cit., p. 221.
35
Colvin, op. cit., p. 43.
36
Brissaud, op. cit., p. 106.
37
Quoted in ibid., p. 102.
38
Paine, op. cit., p. 33.
39
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 282.
40
Quoted in Hermann Graml, “Der Fall Oster,” in
VfZ
, Vol. XIV, 1966, p. 27.
41
Neue Deutsche Biographie
, p. 616.
42
Graml, op. cit., p. 31.
43
Klemens von Klemperer,
German Resistance Against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad
(Oxford, 1992), p. 194.
44
Terry Parssinen,
The Oster Conspiracy of 1938
(New York, 2003), p. 7.
45
Liedig quoted in Höhne, op. cit., p. 262.
46
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 421.
47
Reinhard Spitzy,
How We Squandered the Reich
(Wilby, Norfolk, 1997), pp. 296, 300.
48
Ted Harrison, “‘Alter Kämpfer’ im Widerstand: Graf Helldorf, die NS-Bewegung und die Opposition gegen Hitler,” in
VfZ
, Vol. XXXXV, 1997, p. 412.
49
Spitzy, op. cit., p. 293.
50
Ibid., p. 296.
51
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 424.
52
Quoted in Ewan Butler,
Mason-Mac
(London, 1972), p. 70.
53
Quoted in Ian Kershaw,
Hitler: 1936–1945 Nemesis
(London, 2000), p. 81.
54
Domarus, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 1056–57.
55
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 83.
56
Joachim Fest,
Plotting Hitler’s Death
(London, 1997), p.
77.
57
Harrison, op. cit., pp. 385–423.
58
Hjalmar Schacht,
76 Jahre meines Lebens
(Bad Wörishofen, 1953), pp. 487–88.
59
See Susanne Meinl,
Nationalsozialisten gegen Hitler
(Berlin, 2000), p. 268.
60
Susanne Meinl and Dieter Krüger, “Der politische Weg von Friedrich Wilhelm Heinz,” in
VfZ
, Vol. XXXXII, 1994, pp. 39–69.
61
William Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
(London, 1964), p. 440.
62
Domarus, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 1150–61.
63
Erich Kordt,
Nicht aus dem Akten
(Stuttgart, 1950), p. 258.
64
Helmuth Groscurth,
Tagebücher eines Abwehroffiziers 1938–1940
(Stuttgart, 1970), p. 35.
65
Quoted in Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 112.
66
Alexandra Ritchie,
Faust’s Metropolis
(London, 1999), p. 479.
67
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 322.
68
Quoted in Parssinen, op. cit., p. 133.
69
Hans Rothfels,
Die deutsche Opposition gegen Hitler
(Zürich, 1994), p. 129.
70
Quoted in Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 114.
71
Quoted in ibid., p. 115.
72
Kordt, op. cit., p. 262.
73
Ibid.
74
Quoted in Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 118.
75
Alan Bullock,
Hitler: A Study in Tyranny
(London, 1962), p. 461.
76
Domarus, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 1183–93.
77
Kordt, op. cit., p. 263.
78
Ibid., p. 270.
79
Parssinen, op. cit., p. 162.
80
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 326.
81
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 120.
82
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 330.
83
Quoted in Martin Gilbert,
Churchill—A Life
(London, 1991), p. 600.
84
Norman Davies,
Europe
(London, 1997), p. 990.
85
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 326.
86
Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, pp. 404–5.
87
Groscurth quoted in Fest, op. cit., p. 124.
88
Gisevius, op. cit., p. 359.
89
Harold Deutsch,
The Conspiracy Against Hitler in the Twilight War
(London, 1968), p. 44.
90
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, p. 270.
91
Kordt, op. cit., p. 371.
92
Ibid.
93
Spitzy, op. cit., p. 305.
94
Kordt, op. cit., p. 374.
95
Klemperer, op. cit., p. 196.
96
Deutsch, op. cit., p. 99.
97
Spitzy, op. cit., p. 312.
98
Peter Hoffmann,
German Resistance to Hitler
(London, 1988), p. 87.
99
Fest, op. cit., p. 86.
100
Lahousen quoted in Gisevius, op. cit., p. 439.
101
Brissaud, op. cit., p. 112.
102
Spitzy, op. cit., pp. 303–4.
103
Parssinen, op. cit., p. 149.
104
Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, p. 431.
105
See Bullock, op. cit., p. 452.
106
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, 123.