Korea (39 page)

-do:
Province.

-dong:
Suburb.

-gun:
County.

-jip:
Literally, house, used as ‘restaurant’.

-mun:
Gateway, as in
Namdae-mun
, the great south gate in Seoul.

-myun:
Borough.

-pan:
Parish.

-ri:
Village.

-saram:
Person, e.g.
Meeguk saram
, American.

-shi:
City-region.

-up:
District.

A-joshe!:
Hey, you! (said to a man).

Angibu:
The Korean secret police.

Anio:
No.

Anju:
Snacks and salty appetizers served with beer.

Annyong-haseyo:
Literally, Are you in peace? Used as ‘Hello’.

Annyong-hee kaesayeo:
Goodbye (said by the one who is leaving to the one who isn’t).

Annyong-hee kashipshiyo:
Goodbye (said by the one who isn’t leaving to the one who is).

Arirang:
A Korean mountain, and the title of a famous song.

Buk:
North.

Bulgoki:
Marinated and barbecued meat.

Cha-da:
Sleep.

Chaebol:
The major Korean industrial corporations, e.g. Hyundai, Samsung.

Cheju-do:
Literally, the land over there.

Chige:
Wooden A-frame-shaped carrier used by porters or
chige
men.

Chima:
Long, floor-length skirt, traditional dress for women.

Chindo-kae:
A tough little dog found on Chindo Island in southwest Korea.

Chogori:
Jacket or blouse, traditional Korean dress.

Chokbo:
Family-tree book kept by almost all Korean families.

Chonbok chuk:
Rice and abalone gruel, popular in the south.

Chong mal?:
Really?

Choson:
Literally, Land of Morning Calm; old name for Korea.

Choson Minchu-chui Inmin Konghwa-guk:
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea).

Cho-un:
Good.

Chung wa dae:
The Blue House—the Korean presidential palace.

Daegook:
Literally, big country; also used to refer to China.

Daehan Minguk:
Republic of Korea (South Korea).

Dong:
East.

Gang:
River.

Gwen chan sumnida:
No thank you.

Haenyo:
Diving women of Cheju Island, gatherers of abalone and sea cucumbers.

Hae-sam:
Sea cucumber, a much-favoured seafood.

Haetae:
Guardian beasts of a town, mythological mixtures of lion and dog.

Hanafuda:
Japanese word for the Korean game
hwatu

Hangbok:
Korean national dress.

Hangul:
Korea’s unique phonetic alphabet, designed by King Sejong.

Hanyak:
Korean folk medicine.

Harubang:
Standing ‘grandfather’ stones, often found on Cheju-do.

Hodori:
Baby tiger, symbol of the 1988 Seoul Olympics.

Hong cha:
Red tea.

Hongsam:
Red (steamed) ginseng root.

Hopak-dan chu:
Ornamental amber buttons, used for fastening Korean clothing.

Hun min chong um:
Early designation of hangul script.

Hwadu:
Profound question set as a basis for Korean Buddhist meditation.

Hwan-gap:
Sixty-first birthday celebrations.

Hwatu:
A traditional Korean picture card game, played like gin.

Hyodo kwan guang:
Literally, parental respect tour—holidays for the elderly paid for by their children.

Ibalso:
Korean barbershop.

Ibul:
Coverlet placed over
yo
.

Insam:
Ginseng.

Ip chang:
Face, as in the Oriental concept of pride and self-esteem.

I shipaloma:
Grave insult; literally, a whore.

Jip-sin:
Traditional Korean straw slippers.

Kalbi:
Barbecued spare ribs.

Kimchi:
Peppered, garlicked and brine-pickled vegetables—a national staple.

Kinyombi:
Monument.

Kkot saem chu wi:
Literally, flower-jealousy weather—a snap of cold in early spring.

Koan:
Riddle posed for Japanese Buddhist meditation.

Kobuk-son:
The armoured ‘turtle ships’ of Admiral Yi Sun-shin.

Koguryo:
Ancient northern Korean kingdom.

Kokoro:
Japanese word for ‘heart’.

Komusin:
Korean slippers.

Koran-cho:
Medicinal herb.

Koryo:
Post-Shilla kingdom from which Korea took her name.

Kukbo:
The National Treasures, the most valuable classification.

Kut:
Shamanist devil-driving ceremony.

Mabu:
A horseman.

Maekju:
Beer.

Makkoli:
Milky rice wine, the working man’s principal drink.

Makkoli-jip:
Working-class bar where
makkoli
is the favoured, though not the only, drink.

Man:
Ten thousand, as in
man won
, ten thousand
won
.

Man won gyon:
Telescope.

Maum sang hada:
Anguish over the loss of face (see
Ip chang
).

Meeguk:
America.

Mian hamnida!:
I am sorry!

Mogyok:
Bath.

Mogyoktang:
Public bath.

Moktak:
Wooden clapper used in Buddhist ritual.

Mudang:
Shamanist sorceress.

Mukkop-ta:
Heavy.

Nakhwa-am:
Rock of Falling Flowers in Puyo.

Naksonjae:
Mansion of Joy and Goodness at Changdok Palace, Seoul.

Nam:
South.

Nay:
Yes.

Nunchi:
An extraordinary Korean ability to discern someone’s mood.

Odi isumnikka?:
Where is?

Ojingoa:
Dried squid, a favourite snack.

Oksusucha:
Toasted-corn tea.

Ondol:
Lacquered-paper floor, heated from beneath, common in Korean houses.

Onnyi:
Literally, older sister; used by women, e.g., to summon bar hostess.

Paduk:
Korean version of the Japanese board game
go
.

Paekche:
Ancient southern Korean kingdom.

Paekhwa jom:
Department stores.

Paeksam:
White ginseng root.

Paem sul:
Snake wine.

Paem tang:
Snake soup.

Paji:
Trousers for men, traditionally worn baggy, ankle-length.

Pegae:
Small pillow, filled with corn husks.

Pindae-ttuk:
Bean-flour pancake; Korean pizza.

Pi pim pap:
Rice and vegetables, staple food.

Pomul:
Literally, treasured things—a secondary classification (see
Kukbo
).

Pori-cha:
Toasted-barley tea.

Poshin-tang:
Dog-meat soup; literally, soup for strength.

Putokkhamnida:
Please.

Pyong:
Unit of area measurement.

Sa:
Temple.

Saemaul Undong:
New Community Movement, a rural organization created by President Park.

Sajok:
National Historic Sites.

San:
Mountain.

Sangnom:
‘Unperson’, outcast, untouchable.

Saunatang:
Public bath with sauna and other luxuries.

Seoul:
The word means ‘capital’ it cannot be written in Chinese.

Shilla:
Ancient eastern Korean kingdom; later, the term represented the unified whole country.

Sijo:
Form of Korean poetry.

Soh:
West.

Soju:
A strong sweet potato liquor, the Korean approximation of sake.

Sunim:
Buddhist monk.

Sushi:
Japanese-style raw fish and rice.

Taeguk: Yin
and
yang
emblem used in the Korean flag.

Taeguk-ki:
The Korean national flag, with
taeguk
and four trigrams.

Taehakkyo:
University.

Taejungtang:
No-frills public bath for the poorer people.

Taekwon-do:
Korean martial art.

Tae-namu:
The bamboo.

Tangun:
The mythological founder of Korea.

Tojang:
Name seal, equivalent to Chinese
chop
.

Ttok:
Rice cakes.

Won:
The unit of Korean currency.

Yangban:
The Korean aristocracy, now officially defunct.

Yangnom:
A Westerner—a term of mild abuse, similar to the Cantonese
gweilo
.

Yo:
Thin mattress, placed on
ondol
floor at night.

Yogwan:
An inexpensive roadside inn.

Yoinsuk:
A very cheap Korean hotel for working men.

Yongduam:
The Dragon Head Rock of Cheju-do.

Yong guk:
England.

Yontan:
Drum-shaped powdered-coal briquettes used for heating and cooking.

Yukgap:
The five twelve-year cycles of life—the sixtieth year.

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South Korea
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