Alexander II, Tsar 9–10
Alexander III, Tsar 10
Alexandra, Tsarina 138
Alexeev, General 187
American revolution 221
Amritsar massacre 249
Aristotle 127
Armand, Inessa 95, 103, 129–30, 131, 134, 207, 237, 258–9
August 1915 crisis 138
Avenarius, Richard 89
Axel’rod, Pavel 11, 43, 72
Bakunin, Mikhail 13, 167, 288
Balabanoff, Angelica 129, 258
Baltic Fleet 159, 179
Baltic States 205
Bebel, August 58, 93, 118
Bednyi, Demian 96
Beethoven, Ludwig van 36
Berne 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 151
Bernhardt, Sarah 65
Bernstein, Eduard 40–1, 67, 121
Bible 283
Blanquism 154, 167
Bloody Sunday (1905) 75
Bogdanov, A.A. 65, 78, 88–91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 102, 125, 164, 180, 239
Bolshevik (Communist) Party 161, 163, 178–82, 192, 210, 225, 240–6; seventh All-Russian Conference (April–May 1917) 154; Tenth Congress March 1921 253, 258, 264, 268–9, 278, 290; Central Committee 154, 160, 165, 175, 178–82, 188, 190, 199, 256, 257, 262 changes name to Communist Party (March 1918) 219; purging 245, 272–3
Bolshevism 59, 66, 70, 72, 73, 87, 88, 149, 155, 160, 174–5, 184–6, 190, 206, 234, 252–5, 263, 287 and split in party 60–2, 83–4, 92–7
Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir 157, 182, 287, 261
Bosh, Evgeniia 129
Boxer rebellion 249
Brest-Litovsk 187
Brest-Litovsk, treaty of 124, 193, 198,–9, 200, 203, 213, 228, 223
Brezhnev, L.I. 246
Britain 43, 46–8, 116, 121, 124, 140, 143, 144, 219
British Museum 90
Brussels 102
Bukharin, N.I. 96, 125, 236, 239, 261, 280–2
Bund
see
Jewish Workers’ Party
bureaucracy 243–6, 270–6
Capri Party School 91, 93 careerism 243–6, 278–1 Castroism 283 Ceausescu, N 247 Chagall, Marc 237 Cheka 97, 186, 209–11, 235, 250, 269, 272 Chernov, Victor 160, 193, 194–5 Chernyshevsky, Nikolai 12, 18, 33, 52, 103, 200,
What is to be Done?
12–13, 18, 33 China 171, 249 Chudivise 135 Churchill, Winston 221 civil war 205–6, 219–20, 290 ‘first’
(1917–18) 187, 204 Comintern (Communist International) 223, 225–6, 275 committees of poor peasants (
kombedy
) 217–9 communist arrogance 270–1 Communist Party
see
Bolshevik Party Constituent Assembly 176, 177, 192–3, 194, 236 Constitutional Democratic (Kadet) Party 60, 71, 83, 84, 85, 142, 192 Control Commission, Party 272, 273 Copenhagen 81, 102 cossacks Don 187 Crimean War 8 Cuba 283 cult of Lenin’s personality 283–4 cultural revolution 234–40 Czech Legion 205
Danielson, N.F. 37 Danton, Georges-Jacques 189 Defence Soviet (Labour and Defence Committee) 256–7 Denikin, General 205 dialectics 128 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 288,
The Devils
288 Dukhonin, Admiral 186, 197
Duma 152, 176 First (1906) 84; Second (1906) 76, 85; Third (1907–12) 85, 86–7, 92; Fourth (1912–17) 92–3, 106–7, 138–9
Dzerzhinsky, Feliks 209, 250
Economism 14, 41–2, 53–6, 57, 59,
61, 66, 261 Eisenhower, Dwight120 Ekaterinodar 187 electrification 230, 231; electrifica tion commission (GOELRO) 231 Elizarov, Mark 161, 164, 258 Engelhardt, Alexander 39 Engels, Frederick 18, 40, 54, 90, 168, 172, 200,
The Condition of the Working Class in England
18;
The Origins of Family, Private Property and the State
23
Estonia 219
fascism 247
February revolution (1917) 129,
138–41, 142, 143–4, 145 Finland 81, 100–1, 219, 226, 257 Finland Station 141, 142, 147 First International 109 First Machine Gun Regiment 159 Flakserman, Galina 179 Fofanova, Marguerita Vasilevna 179 Fourrier, Charles 200 France 43, 47–8, 66, 116, 119, 124, 132, 140, 143, 144, 219 French Revolution 188
Gapon, Fr Georgii 75 Geneva 64–6, 88, 101, 104, 131 Geneva, Lake 11, 68, 76 Germany 100, 110, 116, 119, 121, 161, 184, 219, 221, 226 Gestapo 122
Girondins 188
Glavlit (censorship) 236, 269
Gorbachev, Mikhail 246
Gorky (village) 212, 257, 258, 269, 281–2
Gorky, Maxim 36, 68, 72, 81, 88–9, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 101, 102, 136, 179, 207, 236, 251, 257, 258, 260
Grey, Sir Edward 127
Guchkov, A. 143
Hegel, Friedrich 33, 127
Helsinki 85, 165–6, 179
Hilferding, Rudolf 118–26, 169–71;
Finance Capital
118–25
Hitler, Adolf 247
Ho Chi Minh 283
Hobson, J.A. 117–8, 123
India 249
International Socialist Bureau 78, 85, 92
Iskra
(
The Spark
) 43, 52, 55, 60, 63–4, 71, 78
Izvestiia
213
Jacobins 188, 189, 288 Japan 75, 219 Jaurès, Jean 93 Jewish Workers’ Party (Bund) 60, 61
juche
idea 283 July Days 159–64, 172
Kadet Party
see
Constitutional Democratic Party Kalinin, M 152
Kamenev, L 94, 96, 101, 129, 152, 163, 167, 179–80, 189, 190, 259, 260, 278, 279, 281
Index
305
Kant, Immanuel 33
Kaplan, F 250
Kautsky, Karl 58, 72, 93, 122, 142, 149, 252–3,
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
252
Kerensky, Alexander Fyodorovich 9, 107, 144, 160–1, 162, 173, 174, 175, 194–5
Kerensky, Fyodor 9
Keynes, John Maynard 124
Khrushchev, N.S. 246
Kienthal conference 110, 133–4
Kiev 187
Kokushkino 7, 17
Kolchak, Admiral 205
Kollontai, Alexandra 129, 142
Korea, North 283
Kornilov, General Lavr 162, 173–4, 175, 176, 181, 184, 187, 194
Krakow 104–5, 107, 127
Kremer, Arkadii 23;
On Agitation
23
Kremlin 186, 212, 230, 281
Kronstadt 84, 159, 160, 179, 220, 264, 269
Krupskaya Nadezhda 14, 17, 19, 20–1, 55, 63, 81, 83, 91, 117, 157, 158, 161, 164–6, 207, 211, 212, 240, 257, 260; meets Lenin 20; with Lenin in Siberia 30–36; marries Lenin 30; joins Lenin abroad in 1901 44–5; in Geneva with Lenin (1903–5) 64; in Geneva, Paris and Krakow with Lenin (1907–14) 101–5; and dispute with Stalin 1922–3 279; in Switzerland with Lenin 126–30,132–7; death of her mother 130; with Lenin at Gorky 257, 281–2
Kshesinskaya mansion 151, 158, 159, 161 Kuban 187 Kuokkala 81, 88 Kuskova, E. 41
labour conscription 232–3, 266–8
Lafargue, Paul 93
Lahti 165
Lansbury, George 285
Latvia 219
Latvian Rifle Regiment 186
Lausanne 129, 131
Lena massacre 106
Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich (Ulyanov) birth and family background 4–7; school record 9; and execution of brother 11, 14, 67; and populism 11, 13–14, 21–2, 25, 58–9 ,182; influence of Bakunin on 13, 23, 24, 41, 167; at Kazan University 15, 16; as student of St Petersburg University 15, 18; first visit to western Europe 20, 25–6; meets Nadezhda Krupskaya 20; knowledge of conspiratorial techniques 21; early contacts with workers 22; nicknamed ‘starik’ (the old man) 27; exile in Siberia 29–42; marries Nadezhda Krupskaya 30; returns from Siberian exile 42; leaves Russia (1900) 43; in Munich 1901–2 44–6; in London 1902–3 46–8; and party building 1901–3 49–62; in Geneva 1903–5 64–6, 77–81; and 1905 revolution 74–6, 77–86; and party in 1905 77–9, 83; and tactics in 1905 79–81; in Russia and Finland 1905–7 81–6; and violence 80, 208–11, 246–55; returns to western Europe 1907 85–6; and philosophy 88–91; and party organization 1909–12 92–7; on imperialism 98–9, 123–6; on reforms 99; on Taylorism 100; in Geneva, Paris and Krakow 100–5; in Switzerland 1914–17 105–41; and outbreak of war 1914 107–9, 111–16; and dialectics 128; returns to Russia April 1917 140–1; in Petrograd April–July 1917 142–164; in Finland July–October 1917 162–179; campaign for insurrection 175–82, 188–9; and bureaucracy 187, 270–6; and land policy 1917 193–5; and Decree on Peace 1917 196; and peace treaty March 1918 198–9; and policies for transition to socialism 200–2, 212–19, 263–8, 276–7; mental framework and morality of 206–8; 247–9, 259–60; in Finland with Krupskaya Jan 1918 211; car shot at Jan 1918 211; on dictatorship 214–5; and ‘turn towards the middle peasant’ 218; importance of consciousness to 234–40, 274–5; on sex 237; dismisses freudianism 237; on religion 238–9, on Defence Committee 256–7; illnesses worsen 258; and cult of personality 259–61, 283–4; and relations with colleagues 261–2; as philosopher-king 262; at Tenth Party Congress 268–9; on leading role of party 274; and question of succession 277–81; and final dispute with Stalin 278–81; last visit to Kremlin 281; dies at Gorky 282
Leninism 72, 208, 275–6, 284, 287
Liebknecht, Karl 58, 225 liquidators 92–7, 102
Lissitsky, El 237
Lithuania 219
London 46–8, 60–1, 63, 67, 78, 81, 102, 104, 117, 126, 157, 289
Loyola, Ignatius 96
Lunacharsky, A.V. 72, 88, 89, 93, 102, 159, 186
Luxemburg, Rosa 72, 91, 100, 114, 125, 225, 253–4
Macchiavelli, Niccolo 252
Mach, Ernst 89
Malinovsky, Roman 93, 96
Mao Zedong 171; Maoism 283
Marne, river 127
Martov, Iulii 45, 50, 52, 60–2, 63, 70, 71, 72, 93, 94, 129, 131, 164, 180, 261, 288
Marx, Karl 11–12, 13, 14, 18, 36, 39, 40, 53, 54, 61, 64, 82, 88, 90, 155, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 186, 200, 233–4, 248;
Communist Manifesto
12, 18, 40;
Das Kapital
18, 23;
The German Ideology
90;
Anti-Duhring
90
Marxism 36, 49, 50, 59, 72, 88, 99, 166–9, 227, 233–4, 235, 239, 248, 263
Masurian Lakes 127
Mayakovsky, V 237, 284
Menshevism 14, 59, 73, 84, 92–7, 131, 147, 149, 150, 163, 174, 176, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 188, 192, 261, 263, 288
Miliukov Note 158
Miliukov, Pavel 86, 142, 143, 175
Mirbach, Count von 199
Mogilev 186
Molotov, V.M. 96
Index
307
Moscow 68, 75, 83, 179, 186, 251, 274, 289; Soviet government moves to 212
Moscow State Conference 173
Moscow uprising (1905) 76, 84, 219
motor cycles 100
Munich 43, 45, 166; Fasching in 43
Narodnaya volya
(
The Peoples Will
) 23, 58
Nechaev, Sergei 13, 288
Neivola 157
New Economic Policy 206, 232, 259, 264–6, 276–7, 290–1
Nicholas I, Tsar 8
Nicholas II 75, 76, 86, 138, 139, 289
Nietzsche, Friedrich 247
Nizhnii Novgorod 250
Novaia zhizn’i (New Life)
(1905) 64, 81; (1917) 236
NovoCherkassk 187
October Manifesto 76, 77, 78, 86
October Revolution 159, 172, 184, 188, 189, 197, 206
Ordzhonikidze, S 96, 258, 279
otzovists 92–7, 102
Owen, Robert 200
Paris 63, 88, 91, 101–4, 126, 155
Paris Commune 155, 167–9
Passchendaele 127
Pershikova, Valentina 260
Petrograd Soviet 144, 152, 156, 173, 179, 182–3, 105; Military Revolutionary Committee 182–3, 185, 189
planning, economic 231–2
Plato 89
Platten, Fritz 140–1, 198, 211
Plekhanov, George 11, 26, 38, 43, 52, 58, 61, 62, 70, 71, 72,77,78, 85, 92, 93, 129, 131, 164, 180;
Our Differences
38
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin 10
pogroms 210
Pokrovsky, M.N. 238
Poland 104–5, 219, 221
populism 11, 24, 25, 37, 49, 99
Poronin 105
Port Arthur 75
Potemkin mutiny 75
Potresov, N 61
Prague 44, 95, 166
Pravda
95, 152, 163, 165, 192, 213, 243
Preobrazhensky, E 236, 262, 281
productionism 216, 227–33
Progressive Bloc 138
Prokopovich, S 41;
Credo
41
Proletarii
(
Proletarians
) 64, 78, 88, 93
Proletkul’t 239–40, 274
Provisional Government 138, 142, 147, 153, 154, 156, 162, 174, 175, 180, 182, 192
Pyatakov, G 129
Q’uran 283 Quelch, Harry 51
Radek, K 96, 261
Rasputin 138
Razliv 165
recallists 92–7, 102
Red Army 186, 217; political commissars 217, 272; communists in 217
Red Guards 186, 216
red terror 1918–19 250
Revel 179
revolutionary war 205–55 Robins, Colonel J 198
Rostov 187
Rothorn 132–3
Rozmirovich, Elena 96, 129
Rumsfeld, Donald 247
Russell, Bertrand 285
Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) founded 1898 42; Second Congress 42, 60–2, 66; Third Congress 77–8, 79; central committee 94
Rykov, A 96
Saddam Hussein 247
Second International 109, 128, 142, 149, 288; and outbreak of war in 1914 109–110
Serge, Victor 244
Shklovsky, V 129
Shlyapnikov, Alexander 129
Shmidt inheritance 95
Shuia 251
Shushenskoe 31–6
Siberia 206
Simbirsk 4, 187
Skaldin (Alenev, Fyodor) 39
Smith, Adam 39
Smolny Institute 102
Snowden, Ethel 285
socialism in one country 227
Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) 71, 74, 83, 150, 153, 163, 174, 176, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 188, 192, 194–5, 269; left SRs 193, 288; left SR uprising (July 1918) 199–200
Soerenberg 132–3
Somme, battle of 127
Sotsial Demokrat
127
soviets 144, 148–9, 153, 170, 201, 202; First All-Russian Soviet Congress (June 1917) 156–7, 188; Second All-Russian Congress (October 1917) 183, 185, 189, 190, 194, 195–6, 212, 223; Third All-Russian Congress (Jan 1918) 193; Fourth (Extraordinary) All-Russian Congress (March 1918) 193, 199; Congress of Soviets of the Northern Region 179
Sovnarkom (Council of People’s Commissars) 183, 198, 256, 257
Spartacus League 225
Spiridonova, Maria 193
SRs
see
Socialist Revolutionary Party
St Petersburg (Petrograd) 74, 75, 81, 126, 141, 146–7, 156, 179, 203, 219, 249, 250, 289; Soviet government moves from 212
St Petersburg Soviet 83
St Petersburg, University of 8–9, 15, 18
Stalin I.V. 96, 129, 152, 162, 247, 251, 256, 260, 261, 268, 272, 278–81, 284, 290, 291;
Problems of Leninism
284