Liberation (119 page)

Cadmus, Paul (1904–1999).
American painter of Basque and Dutch background, trained by his parents and at the National Academy of Design in New York; he joined the U.S. government Public Works of Art Project in 1933. Lincoln Kirstein became interested in his work in the mid-1930s and later married Cadmus's sister, Fidelma, also a painter. Jon Andersson, a model and would-be singer and Cadmus's long-time companion, was the subject of many of his works. Cadmus and Andersson eventually settled in Weston, Connecticut. As Isherwood tells in
D.1
, Cadmus drew Isherwood in February 1942 in New York, and the two became friends.

Caldwell, George and Philadelphia.
Neighbors, across the street and two doors east, on Adelaide Drive. As Isherwood records, he and Bachardy met with them several times in the spring of 1976, in preparation for the March 15 Coastal Commission hearing at which they obtained the permit to enlarge Bachardy's studio. The Caldwells initially opposed the building work, which was roughly between their own house, in which she grew up, and the ocean view.

Calley, John (1930–2011).
American film producer and studio executive, born in New Jersey. He began his career in T.V. in the 1950s, worked in advertising, and then became an executive at Filmways, Inc. From 1968 to 1981, he was a senior executive at Warner Brothers and president for a time. During the 1980s, he was an independent producer, working closely with Mike Nichols, and then he ran United Artists and Sony Pictures. Isherwood worked for him when Calley was co-producer with Haskell Wexler of
The Loved One
(Neil Hartley was associate producer). Calley's other films include
Ice Station Zebra
(1968),
Catch-22
(1970),
Postcards from the Edge
(1990),
The Remains of the Day
(1993),
Goldeneye
(1995),
Closer
(2004), and
The Da Vinci Code
(2006). He appears in
D.2.

Calthrop, Gladys (1894–1980).
British artist and stage designer; she designed most of Noël Coward's plays and films from the 1920s onward.

Cameron, Roderick (Rory) (1913–1985).
American shipping heir; he published history and travel books about Africa, India, the South Pacific, South America, Australia, and the French Riviera where he lived. After World War II, he and his often-married Australian socialite mother—when she was Countess of Kenmare—restored La Fiorentina and its gardens at St. Jean on Cap Ferrat. As Isherwood records, the villa was near Somerset Maugham's house, Villa Mauresque. In the 1960s, Cameron and his mother sold La Fiorentina, and he moved into a smaller adjacent property, an eighteenth-century farmhouse, Le Clos Fiorentina, the oldest house on Cap Ferrat. This is the house Isherwood visited with Hockney and Schlesinger in 1970.

Camilla.
See Clay, Camilla.

Campbell, Alan (1904–1963).
Actor and screenwriter, second husband of Dorothy Parker. They first married in 1933, divorced after the war, and later remarried, eventually settling on Norma Place, West Hollywood, the heart of Boys Town, as it was known among the gay community (Campbell was rumored to be homosexual). They worked on more than a dozen screenplays together, including, with Robert Carson,
A Star Is Born
(1937) and Lillian Hellman's film adaptation of her play
Little Foxes
(1941). Campbell was involved with the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League and other leftist causes, and he was blacklisted by the House Un-American Activities Committee during the 1950s. He appears in
D.2.

Campbell, Brian.
American model, actor, women's clothing designer. He was Mike Van Horn's boyfriend for a time from the mid-1970s. Campbell fell ill with AIDS, and, although they broke up soon afterwards, Van Horn looked after him during his last months. He sat for Bachardy twice.

Capote, Truman (1924–1984).
American novelist, born in New Orleans; his real name was Truman Persons. In
Lost Years
, Isherwood describes meeting Capote in the Random House offices in May 1947 shortly before the publication of Capote's first novel,
Other Voices, Other Rooms
. They quickly became friends, and Capote also appears in
D.1
and
D.2.
Capote wrote for
The New Yorker
, where he worked in the early 1940s, and other magazines. His books include
The Grass Harp
(1951),
Breakfast at Tiffany's
(1958), and the non-fiction novel
In Cold Blood
(1966). He never finished his last novel,
Answered Prayers
, though a chapter, “La Côte Basque, 1965,” was published in
Esquire
magazine in 1975, forever alienating rich and powerful friends like the Paleys who were portrayed in it. The rest of what he had written of the novel was published posthumously. Capote's com panion for many years was Newton Arvin, a college professor; afterwards, he lived and travelled with Jack Dunphy, and then later picked up new boyfriends with increasing frequency, including John O'Shea. Drink and drugs hastened his death.

Caron, Leslie (b. 1931).
French dancer and actress. Her father was a chemist, her American-born mother a dancer. Caron studied ballet from childhood, performed in Paris as a teenager, and was discovered by Gene Kelly, who made her a star in
An American in Paris
(1951). Isherwood first met her during the 1950s, when she was appearing in Hollywood musicals such as
The Glass Slipper
(1955) and
Gigi
(1958); he mentions her in
D.1
, and she appears in
D.2.
She received British Film Academy Awards and was nominated for Academy Awards for
Lili
(1953) and
The L-Shaped Room
(1962). Later, she appeared in
Damage
(1992),
Jean Renoir
(1993),
The Reef
(1997),
Chocolat
(2000), and
Le Divorce
(2003). She also worked on the stage in New York, London, and Paris. She was married briefly to George Hormel in the early 1950s, then for ten years to British director Peter Hall, with whom she had two children. Her third husband, from 1969 to 1980, was American producer Michael Laughlin.

Carroll, Nellie (d. 2005).
American artist, born Jean Dobrin; she designed and drew greeting cards. She was a close friend of Jim Bridges and Jack Larson. Bachardy drew and painted her many times after they met in 1963. She married once and had a daughter, Amy, who died of cancer in the early 1990s. For the last forty or so years of her life, she lived with a Mexican man about fifteen years her junior, who also had a wife and son. They appear in
D.2.

Carson, Joanne.
Pan Am stewardess and RKO starlet. She was “Tonight Show” host Johnny Carson's second of four wives. They separated in 1970 and divorced in 1972. She launched her own talk show and later became a therapist. She was one of Truman Capote's most loyal friends, and he died in her house while she was with him.

Carter, Jimmy.
In his diary entry for February 2, 1980, Isherwood mentions his anxiety that Carter's response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan will lead to a nuclear face-off. On February 1,
The New York Times
reported on a seventy-page Pentagon study, “Capabilities in the Persian Gulf” (completed before the invasion of Afghanistan), which said that the U.S. could not repel a Soviet thrust into northern Iran without the possible use of tactical nuclear weapons. Carter had already imposed a grain embargo on the USSR, and his new military budget was the largest proposed in fifteen years. U.S. military presence in the Gulf had been building ever since Iranian militants took more than sixty Americans hostage in the U.S. Embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979. The longterm concern was protecting the flow of oil from the region.

Caskey, William (Bill) (1921–1981).
American photographer, born and raised in Kentucky; a lapsed Catholic of Irish background, part Cherokee Indian. Isherwood met him in 1945 when Caskey arrived in Santa Monica Canyon with a friend, Hayden Lewis, and joined the circle surrounding Denny Fouts and Jay de Laval. They became lovers in June that year and by August had begun a serious affair. Caskey was briefly in the navy during World War II and was discharged neither honorably nor dishonorably (a “blue discharge”) following a homosexual scandal in which Hayden Lewis was also implicated. Caskey's father bred horses, and Caskey had ridden since childhood; he had worked in photo-finish at a Kentucky racecourse, and in about 1945 he took up photography seriously. He took portraits of his and Isherwood's friends, and he took the photographs for
The Condor and the Cows
, which Isherwood dedicated to Caskey's mother, Catherine. Caskey's parents were divorced, and he was on poor terms with his father and two sisters. He and Isherwood split in 1951 after intermittent separations and domestic troubles. Later, he lived in Athens and travelled frequently to Egypt. As well as taking photographs, he made art objects out of junk, and for a time had a business beading sweaters. There are many passages about him in
D.1
, some in
D.2
, and he is a main figure in
Lost Years.

chaddar.
A length of cloth worn on the upper body, often draped on the shoulders as a shawl, by monks and nuns of the Ramakrishna Order and by many other Hindus. Some Western Vedantists meditate in it, to keep warm, and to conceal their rosary.

Chaikin, Joe (1935–2003).
American actor, stage director, writer. In the early 1960s, he founded the Open Theater which became one of the most influential experimental groups in New York. In the late 1970s, he wrote plays with Sam Shepard.

Chamberlain, Richard (b. 1935).
American actor and singer; born in Beverly Hills and educated at Pomona College before serving in Korea for a year and a half. He became famous in the series, “Dr. Kildare,” in which he starred from 1961 to 1966, and he never shook off the role, despite ambitious appearances on the London stage (for instance as Hamlet) and in a number of films, including
The Madwoman of Chaillot
(1969),
Julius Caesar
(1970),
The Three Musketeers
(1974), and
The Four Musketeers
(1975). He returned to T.V. successfully in the miniseries “Shogun” (1980) and “The Thorn Birds” (1985). He appears in
D.2.

Chandlee, William H., III (Will).
American historian; raised in Philadelphia, son of an architect. He was Assistant Chief of the Division of Education at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, organized lecture series there, and wrote seasonal publications. He joined Woodfall Productions for a time, then returned to Philadelphia and ran an antique store in nearby Germantown.

Chapin, Douglas (Doug) (b. 1950).
American actor and film and T.V. producer, younger brother of actor Miles Chapin and son of Betty Steinway, a descendant of the founder of the piano company. He appeared on T.V. in the 1960s and 1970s. Later, with his partner and companion Barry Krost, he produced
When a Stranger Calls
(1979),
American Dreamer
(1984),
What's Love Got to Do with It
(1993),
Love! Valour! Compassion!
(1997), and the T.V. series “Dave's World.”

Chapman, Hester (1895–1976).
Novelist and biographer of royal figures such as Anne Boleyn, Caroline Matilda of Denmark, and the Duke of Buckingham. She was a cousin of Dadie Rylands, a habitué of Bloomsbury, and a longtime friend of Rosamond Lehmann. With her first husband, she ran a boys' prep school in Devon. Her second husband, Ronnie Griffin, a banker, died in 1955. She appears in
D.2.

Charlton, Jim (1919–1998).
American architect, from Reading, Pennsylvania. He studied at Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin West in Arizona and also at Wright's first center, Taliesin, in Wisconsin. He joined the air force during the war and flew twenty-six missions over Germany, including a July 1943 daylight raid. Isherwood was introduced to him by Ben and Jo Masselink in August 1948 (Ben Masselink had also studied at Taliesin West), and they established a friendly– romantic attachment that lasted many years. Towards the end of the 1950s, Charlton married a wealthy Swiss woman called Hilde, a mother of three; he had a son with her in September 1958. The marriage ended in divorce. After wards he lived briefly in Japan and then, until the late 1980s, in Hawaii, where he wrote an autobio graphical novel,
St. Mick
. Charlton was a model for Bob Wood in
The World in the Evening
. He appears in
D.1
,
D.2
, and
Lost Years.

Chester.
See Kallman, Chester.

Chetanananda.
Indian monk of the Ramakrishna Order. He was sent to Hollywood at the start of the 1970s to be Swami Prabhavananda's assistant in place of Vandanananda. When Prabhavananda died, Chetanananda was too young and inexperienced to take over; Belur Math appointed Swahananda, with Chetanananda continuing as assistant. The arrangement was not successful, and Chetanananda was eventually appointed head of the St. Louis center. He often travelled back to southern California, spending several months a year at Laguna Beach. Isherwood wrote forewords for two volumes edited by Chetanananda,
Meditation and Its Methods
(1976), a selection on meditation from the works of Vivekananda, and
Vedanta: Voice of Freedom
(1986), a selection from Vivekananda's lectures with a preface by Huston Smith. He also helped Chetanananda with his translation of the Avadhuta Gita of Dattatreya, published in India by Advaita Ashrama.

Chetwyn, Robert (b. 1933).
British director; educated at the Central School of Speech and Drama; he began his career as a repertory actor in the early 1950s. From 1960 onward, he directed for the stage in London and abroad, including works by Shakespeare, Shaw, and Wilde, Terence Frisby's
There's a Girl in My Soup
—which he took from the West End to Broadway in 1967—and, in 1979, Martin Sherman's
Bent
at the Royal Court. He also directed and produced for BBC television and for ITV. In 1970, when he worked with Isherwood on the proposed London production of
A Meeting by the River
, he was also considering directing Lynn Redgrave in Michael Frayn's series of short plays,
The Two of Us
, and planning to take his West End production of Tom Stoppard's
The Real Inspector Hound
to New York, but these deals fell through.