K
kabuki:
Japanese form of theater
L
labor migration: the movement of individuals from country to country, usually illegally, in search of employment
laolao:
agent or pimp (China, modern)
legalize:
v
. to make a formerly criminal behavior legal, typically through legislation or judicial action; legalization,
n
.
LGBTI: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgendered, Intersex; many variants exist, a common one being LGBTQ (Queer)
licensed premises: a place, such as a bar or club, having official government permission to sell alcohol
life world:
n
. a person’s subjective experience of everyday life
lingual code: common language to which secret meanings have been assigned in order to send hidden messages
linguistic transgenderism: the use of language to refer to both males and females in such a way as to erase distinctions between them
longitudinal:
adj
. describes research that involves repeated observations conducted over a period of time
M
M: “for mature audiences” in the rating system established in 1968 by the Motion Picture Association of America
M4M: men for men
M$M: men selling sex to men
machismo:
n
. behaviors or attitudes associated with the belief that men are superior to women
macho:
adj
. exhibiting machismo; in some contexts,
macho
may be used to describe any masculine traits or behaviors
macro-level processes: large-scale social policies or processes that influence the health, welfare, or status of an individual or a community
male endowment: the size of a man’s penis
male gaze: the objectification of women stemming from the cultural control that men have over visual representations of women, especially in film or advertising
marginality:
n
. the state of existing on the outer edges or lower levels of society
marginalize:
v
. to regulate or confine an individual or group to a lower level of social standing; marginalization,
n
.
market logic: the attitudes and forces that affect the buying and selling of a product or service
masculinist:
adj
. based on the belief that men are dominant and superior to women
Mattachine Society: one of the earliest national organizations of gay men in the U.S. (1950–1970s)
MB: money boy (MSW, China)
meritori, meretrix:
male or female prostitute (Ancient Rome)
metrosexual:
n
. a male who acts or dresses in ways stereotypically associated with homosexuality, whether or not he self-identifies as a homosexual
migrant male sex worker: an MSW who lives and engages in sex work in a foreign country
modality:
n
. the pattern of an individual’s behavior, actions, or manner
moffie:
a man who engages in feminine behavior or dress (southern Africa)
moral calculus: the act or process of determining the correct moral action in a given situation
Motion Picture Production Code: a set of guidelines, enforced by the U.S. film industry from 1930 to 1968, determining acceptable content in motion pictures
MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area (U.S.)
MSM: men who have sex with men
MSW: male sex worker
N
nan gongguan:
MSWs who predominantly serve female clients (China, modern)
narrative:
n
. in the social sciences, a sequential account of connected events, typically in language or images, or the worldview or cultural views expressed through this account; narrative,
adj
.
nasake:
emotional sensitivity, love (17
th
-century Japan)
natal family: the family into which a person is born
National Ugly Mugs Scheme: a national database allowing anonymous reporting of violence against sex workers (UK)
needs assessment: an organized process for determining what services are needed in a community
New Queer Cinema (NQC): a cinematic movement of the early 1990s featuring sexually diverse protagonists and often characterized by the rejection of heteronormativity
NGO: nongovernmental organization
NI: Northern Ireland
non-fixity:
n
. the quality or state of being changeable nongovernmental organization (NGO): a local, national, or international nonprofit organization that operates independently of government, usually one having a humanitarian purpose
nonhegemonic:
adj
. describes aspects of a society or culture that do not match those of the dominant social group
Nordic
or
Swedish model: a legal policy in which the purchase of sex is prohibited by law, but the sale of sex is not
normative:
adj
. describes a cultural standard or ideal based on shared values or norms
nosocomial:
adj
. (of a disease or infection) acquired in a hospital
NQC: New Queer Cinema
NSW: New South Wales (state, Australia)
O
objectification:
n
. the act of viewing a person as an object instead of as an independent, rational human
Oireachtas:
the parliament of the Republic of Ireland
oppression paradigm: a scholarly theory considering prostitution to be entirely the result of male domination and exploitation of women
P
p: (
statistics
) a statistical value showing the likelihood that results are statistically significant
paederastia:
a mentoring relationship between younger and older male citizens (Ancient Greece)
pais:
“child” or “slave”; younger or more passive participant in a same-sex relationship (Ancient Greece); also
eromenos
pars orientalis:
the eastern regions of the later Roman Empire
passive participle: a verb form that functions as an adjective in some languages
PCA: Production Code Administration (film censorship agency, U.S.)
PEP: post-exposure prophylaxis
piece rate: payment by the item, with a fixed price being paid for each unit completed or service performed
pleshka:
public outdoor spaces frequented by MSWs and other MSM (Russia)
political economy: the interaction between political and economic systems and its effect on governments or individuals
polymorphous paradigm: a scholarly theory exploring the many variables that contribute to prostitution, including victimization and exploitation, but also choice, job satisfaction, and self-esteem
porne, pornai:
FSW (Ancient Greece)
porneia
: male prostitution (Ancient Greece)
positive marginality: the act of considering an out-of-the-mainstream social or political identity to be an asset rather than a liability
postcolonialism:
n
. the study or interpretation of a society through a focus on the legacy of colonialism; postcolonial,
adj
.
post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP): medical treatment administered following exposure to a pathogen in order to reduce the chances of infection
postfeminist:
adj
. occurring or believed since the rise of the feminist movement of the late 20
th
century; post-feminism,
n
.
post-Stonewall:
adj
. in or of the period in gay and lesbian history following the New York-based Stonewall riots, particularly in the Western world
poststructuralism:
n
. a scholarly approach based on the idea that there are many truths, and rejecting the binary oppositions and patterns of the earlier structuralist movement; post-structuralist,
adj
.
pricing model: a method of determining where prices should be set within a particular market
primary prevention: an attempt, especially through a government or public health program, to help people avoid developing health issues
procreative sexual laws: laws enforcing a Christian moral code by making illegal sexual behavior that does not lead to reproduction
pseudohomosexual:
adj
. describes men who do not identify as gay or same-sex attracted but are willing to engage in sexual activities with other men in exchange for payment; also
gay-for-pay
psychodynamics:
n
. a school of psychology based on the theories of Sigmund Freud and his followers, emphasizing the role of the unconscious mind and childhood experience in determining behavior and personality; psychodynamic,
adj
.
psychological resilience: a person’s ability to withstand and overcome adversity
psychosocial:
adj
. involving or stemming from the interaction between one’s psychological processes and the wider social world
public sex environments: public locations frequented by individuals, mainly men, seeking casual and often anonymous sexual encounters
public sphere: a virtual or metaphorical space in which public opinions, attitudes, ideals, etc., are formed or discussed
pueri:
MSWs, often those who solicited in public spaces (Ancient Rome)
pueri delicati:
young MSWs, predominantly slaves (Ancient Rome); also
catamati
putto:
male or female prostitute (medieval Italy)
Q
qualitative:
adj
. using a research approach that focuses on in-depth information collected from a small or contained sample
quantitative:
adj
. using a research approach that focuses on employing mathematical and statistical techniques to measure phenomena, often across very large samples; quantitatively,
adv
.
quasi-hegemonic:
adj
. reflecting a cultural or ideological ideal within a given subculture that is similar to that of the majority culture
R
Rainbow Project: an organization promoting “physical, mental, and emotional health” among the LGBT population in Belfast, NI
rapid assessment: a method of needs assessment using a small data sample in order to save time or cost
reductionism:
n
. a school of philosophy based on the belief that complex systems, such as ideas, behaviors and theories, can be understood as collections of smaller and simpler parts
reform detention: in Communist China, forced labor intended to reform and reeducate criminals or other individuals deemed dangerous by the state
regression analysis: (
statistics
) a mathematical analysis yielding an equation that describes the statistical relationship between two or more variables
relationship trajectory: the way in which an individual’s relationships within a society develop and interact