17 Cal SP Foreign , 1553-8, ed.W.Turnbull (1861), p. 4.
18 Ambassades de Messieurs de Noailles en Angleterre , vol. 3, dispatches of 29 and 31 July and 4 and 7 August 1553, pp. 96-106.
19 When the ambassadors presented letters from Charles V on 4 September 1553, Mary said she would need time to read them ‘as she was not familiar with your Majesty’s handwriting’.This may, however, have just been quick-wittedness on her part. She wanted to make sure there were no direct references to her having written personally to Charles without the knowledge of the privy council. Cal SP Spanish , 11, p. 200.
20 Report by Francisco Duarte to Prince Philip, 9 September 1553, ibid., 11, pp. 221-7.
30 J. R. Planché, Regal Records, or a Chronicle of the Coronations of the Queens Regnant of England (1838), p. 3. Waits were bands of musicians playing wind instruments; shawmes were an early type of clarinet.
32 Holinshed’s Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, quoted in R.Tittler (ed.), The Reign of Mary I (1991), pp. 84-5.The caul referred to is a net cap used to keep the hair in place.There is disagreement about what Mary actually wore during the state entry.The account of French ambassador Noailles has her wearing a mantle and kirtle of cloth of gold, furred with miniver and powdered ermines. See Regal Records , p. 5.
33 The duchess of Norfolk herself died less than two weeks after Queen Mary, on 30 November 1558.
36 30 September 1553, Cal SP Spanish , 11, pp. 259-60.
37 The last queen consort to be crowned, Anne Boleyn, had gone to the ceremony with loosened hair, but it seems unlikely that Mary would wish to have been connected with her mother’s usurper by copying her.
21 Quoted in E. H. Harbison, Rival Ambassadors at the Court of Queen Mary (1940), p. 116.
22 Quoted in D. Loades, Two Tudor Conspiracies (1992), p. 115.
23 Draft of 7 December 1553, Cal SPD Mary I, pp. 13-14. It is unclear whether this was the precise text that Lord Chancellor Gardiner used when presenting the treaty at court on 14 January 1554.
27 26 January 1554, Hearne, Sylloge Epistolarum , pp. 154-5. It is not clear how Mary knew of the possibility that her sister might move to Donnington. Renard and his network of informers may have alerted her. Elizabeth, under interrogation in March, claimed that she did not even know she owned a house at Donnington. See Chapter 10.
28 Undated, January 1554, Cal SP Spanish , 12, p. 50.
33 Gertrude Courtenay died less than two months before Mary in September 1558. She had been unwell over several years but it is not known whether her death was hastened by the influenza epidemic of 1558.
37 Henry Grey, duke of Suffolk, Jane’s father, was executed on 23 February. So far as is known, his wife made no plea for clemency, as she had done seven months earlier.
40 17 March 1554, in Leah S. Marcus et al. (eds), Elizabeth I, Collected Works , (Chicago, 2000).
Chapter 10 King Philip
1 29 November 1553, Cal SP Spanish , 11, pp. 398-9.
2 Document drawn up ‘in the noble town of Valladolid’ on 4 January 1554. Among the witnesses were the duke of Alba, master of Philip’s household, and Ruy Gómez de Silva, his chamberlain. Cal SP Spanish , 12, pp. 4-5.
11 ‘State Papers relating to the custody of the Princess Elizabeth at Woodstock, in 1554’, ed. R. C. Manning, Norfolk Archaeology, 4 (1855), pp. 133-231.
12 The 1352 treason statute covered only female consorts of the monarch.
13 Act concerning the regal power (1554) in Stephenson and Marcham (eds), Sources of English Constitutional History (New York, 1937), p. 328.
14 Philip was advised to reduce the number of troops to 4,000 before he left.
15 Simon Renard and M. de Courrières to the emperor, 26 July 1554, Cal SP Spanish , 13, p. 1.
16 ‘John Elder’s Letter describing the arrival and marriage of King Philip, his triumphal entry into London, the legation of Cardinal Pole, etc’, Chronicle QJ&QM , p. 139.
17 It is difficult to understand this as anything other than Spanish prejudice. A contemporary portrait of Eleanor, sister of Charles V, shows her in furred sleeves much more voluminous than anything Mary ever wore.
23 For further discussion of the significance of this and related matters of precedence in the marriage ceremony, see Alexander Samson, ‘Changing Places: the marriage and royal entry of Philip, Prince of Austria and Mary Tudor’, Sixteenth Century Journal , xxxvi(3) (2005).
25 I am indebted to Tanya Elliott for this description.
26 Lady Margaret Clifford was the daughter of the earl of Cumberland and his first wife, Eleanor Brandon, sister of Frances Brandon. She was herself married in February 1555 to Henry Strange, later the third earl of Derby, in a splendid ceremony in the Chapel Royal of Whitehall Palace. Mary seems to have been fond of this young relative, who had herself a claim to the throne.
29 ‘An account of what has befallen in the realm of England since Prince Philip landed there …’, written by a Spanish gentleman, 17 August 1554, in Cal SP Spanish , 13, p. 31.