Mothers Who Murder (33 page)

11
Pursuant to section 30AA of the Bail Act 1978. Available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/ba197841/
>.

12
In criminal cases, the burden of proof rests with the prosecution, who must demonstrate that the defendant is guilty before a jury may convict them..

13
Available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/nsw/NSWCCA/2013/317.html
>.

14
Case details available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2004/158.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=sudo%20cavkic
>.

15
Two ten-year-old English girls who were murdered in the village of Soham, Cambridgeshire in 2002, by Kevin Huntley who was convicted of their murder and received two life sentences with a minimum term of forty years.

16
Also known as crime mapping, this is an investigative technique that uses the locations of known movements or crimes to help determine the most probable area that an offender lives or works in. Although it is generally applied in serious serial crimes, it can also be applied in single cases and could have been used here to help determine where Lane was most likely to have deposited a child’s body within the timeframe available to her,, helping to define a search area.

CHAPTER 7

1
Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria from 1991–2008 and currently Chair of the Council of the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine.

2
Available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2007/398.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(r%20and%20matthey%202007%20)
>.

3
Interesting, these findings correspond closely with those found during the post-mortem of Sarah and Laura Folbigg (
Chapter 3
), the third and fourth Folbigg children to die, but in their cases SIDS was ruled out on the basis that (as put forward by the Crown) the likelihood of four children dying of SIDS in one family was astronomical.

4
For clinical information on AOM refer to: <
www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Acute_Otitis_Media/
>.

5
Apnoea means a temporary cessation of breathing.

6
Available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2007/398.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(r%20and%20matthey%202007%20)
>.

7
For more information on this condition go to: <
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/rds/
>.

8
For clinical information on HPS refer to: <
www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Pyloric_Stenosis/
>.

9
The VIFM operates under the auspices of the Department of Justice, reporting to Parliament through the Attorney General. For more information about the VIFM refer to: <
www.vifm.org
>.

10
More than a dentist, an odontologist studies the structure, development, and abnormalities of the teeth and surrounding
tissues, and a forensic odontologist undertakes analysis of the entire oral environment as part of a criminal process.

11
Available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2007/398.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(r%20and%20matthey%202007%20)
>.

12
The concept of probative vs. prejudicial evidence is central to a fair trial. Probative evidence is information that is appropriately valuable to help demonstrate something important in a trial. The probative value of proposed evidence (how useful it is) has to be balanced against potential prejudice in the minds of jurors towards the defendant. An example would be a rape case where the accused has been found guilty of rape previously – the prosecution might want the judge’s permission to enter the previous conviction into evidence to demonstrate a tendency towards a particular crime. The questions the judge has to consider is: is that fair to the defendant as the jury should be weighing up the facts of that particular case, and will it unfairly prejudice them against the accused? There are times when previous convictions could be disclosed to the jury. For example, if the defendant claims untruthfully to be of good character, if the judge rules that the events of the past and present cases are ‘strikingly similar’, or if the circumstances call into question the character of a prosecution witness.

13
Available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2007/398.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(r%20and%20matthey%202007%20)
>.

14
Folbigg case information, including this quote, is available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/nsw/NSWCCA/2003/17.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=folbigg
>.

15
Pollanen, M. S. (2005), ‘Deciding Cause of Death after Autopsy – revisited’, Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine, 12: 113-121. Available from: <
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353113105000428
>.

16
Emphasis added by author.

17
Available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2007/398.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(r%20and%20matthey%202007%20)
>.

18
Available from: <
https://jade.barnet.com.au/Jade.html#sdi=5&sdp=1
>.

19
Available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2007/398.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(r%20and%20matthey%202007%20)
>.

20
Available from: <
www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2004/1.html
>.

21
Available from: <
www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2007/398.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(r%20and%20matthey%202007%20)
>.

CHAPTER 8

1
Available from: Office for National Statistics (2013): <
www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_298904.pdf
> [Newport]: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

2
Information from the NSPCC: <
www.nspcc.org.uk/inform/research/statistics/child_homicide_statistics_wda48747.html
> To read more about infant mortality in England and Wales go to: <
www.ons.gov.uk/ons/index.html
>.

3
Available from: Office for National Statistics (2013): <
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_298904.pdf
> [Newport]: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

4
Available from: <
www.ons.gov.uk/ons/search/index.html?newquery=child+mortality
>.

5
For more information go to: <
www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/research/briefings/child_killings_in_england_and_wales_wda67213.html
>.

6
Available from: <
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ERORecords/VC/2/2/P2/FINREPORT/REPORT.PDF
> and <
www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmhealth/570/570.pdf
>.

7
Available from: <
www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3295163/Overcoming-the-anger.html
> Fanshawe met Victoria’s parents and spoke to them about their loss.

8
Available from: <
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/CM-5730PDF.pdf
>.

9
A leafy west London suburb, Ealing is London’s third largest borough with a current population of around 300,000.

10
An infestation caused by a microscopic mite that buries eggs under the skin, which then hatch into other mites. The main symptoms are pimple-like spots, a rash, or burrows under the skin that are extremely itchy. The scratching can cause sores, which can then get infected, especially if the skin is not clean; this will become relevant later when Victoria’s living conditions are discussed. More information is available from: <
http://ideas.health.vic.gov.au/bluebook/scabies-info.asp
>.

11
There are a lot more details associated with the workings of the social services personnel in regards to what took place when, which are all given in Lord Laming’s report and therefore not provided further here. Information is available from: <
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ERORecords/VC/2/2/P2/FINREPORT/REPORT.PDF
>.

12
Normal body temperatures for children is 38 degrees Celsius; anything under 35
^o
C would be considered dangerously low.

13
Available from: <
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ERORecords/VC/2/2/P2/FINREPORT/REPORT.PDF
>.

14
One of the many articles covering Victoria’s death: <
www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3295163/Overcoming-the-anger.html
>.

15
Children Act 1989 (<
www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/contents
>), National Health Service Act 1977 (<
www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/49/contents
>), and Police Act 1996 (<
www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/16/contents
>). All of the documents relating to this inquiry are available from: <
www.victoria-climbie-inquiry.org.uk
>.

16
Established in 1829, now Britain’s largest police force; for more information refer to: <
http://content.met.police.uk/Home
>.

17
For more information refer to: <
www.nspcc.org.uk
>. Similar to the Australian Childhood Foundation <
www.childhood.org.au
>.

18
Available from: <
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/CM-5730PDF.pdf
>.

19
Available from: <
www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/contents
>.

20
Available from: <
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ERORecords/VC/2/2/P2/FINREPORT/REPORT.PDF
>.

21
Available at: <
http://vcf-uk.org
>.

22
A transcript of sentencing remarks is available from: <
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/22_05_09_sentencing_remarks_baby_p.pdf
>.

23
Informative BBC article on the case is available from: <
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8055340.stm
>.

24
National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

25
Available from: <
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8063765.stm
>.

26
Available from: <
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8070302.stm
>.

27
Available from: <
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1193395/Baby-P-jail-sentences-WONT-increased-Attorney-General-backsdown.html
>.

28
Available from: <
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1162061/Baby-P-boss-1m-sex-bias-claim-reveal-explosive-report-Ed-Balls-refused-make-public.html
>.

29
Available from: <
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2017382/Baby-P-Dr-Jerome-Ikwueke-failed-spot-abuse-allowed-returnwork.html#ixzz2tdNR2eD3
>.

30
Available from: <
www.theguardian.com/society/2010/feb/22/baby-peter-doctor-al-zayyat
>.

31
Available from: <
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/12_03_09_children.pdf
>.

32
Available from: <
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/12_03_09_children.pdf
>.

33
Available from: <
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ERORecords/VC/2/2/P2/FINREPORT/REPORT.PDF
>.

34
Available from: <
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2507737/Baby-Ps-mother-Tracey-Connelly-spotted-enjoying-shopping-Aldi.html
>.

35
Limited information is available from: thelawpages.com <
www.thelawpages.com/court-cases/Emma-Louise-Wilson-12674-1.law
> but the majority for this section comes from various new items published online and websites, information from which has to be treated with caution <
http://murderpedia.org/female.W/w/wilson-emma.htm
>.

36
Available from: <
www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-25372238
>.

37
Available from: <
www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-24918653
>.

38
Available from: <
www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/emma-wilsonmum-jailed-battering-3057891
>.

39
Available from: <
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2523336/Baby-boy-battered-death-mother-posed-selfie-injured-body.html
>.

40
Available from: <
www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-24918653
>.

41
Available from: <
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2514564/Mother-Emma-Wilson-took-pictures-babys-injuries-murderinghim.html
>.

42
Available from: <
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2523336/Baby-boy-battered-death-mother-posed-selfie-injured-body.html
>.

43
Available from: <
www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-25874635
>.

44
Available from: <
www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-24918653
>.

45
Available from: <
www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-25372238
>.

46
Available from: <
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2523336/Baby-boy-battered-death-mother-posed-selfie-injured-body.html
>.