understood by Everyman. During the proof stage of Evenings on a Farm Gogol paid a visit to t
understood by Everyman. During the proof stage of Evenings on a Farm Gogol paid a visit to t
Evenings on a Farm
122
More and more, common speech entered literature, as writers like Gogol began to assim
More and more, common speech entered literature, as writers like Gogol began to assim
More and more, common speech entered literature, as writers like Gogol began to assim
Song of the Merchant Kalashnikov
bylina;
Borodino
For three long days we fired at random, We knew that we had not unmanned them, And neither me
For three long days we fired at random, We knew that we had not unmanned them, And neither me
For three long days we fired at random, We knew that we had not unmanned them, And neither me
123
Russian music also found its national voice through the assimilation of folk song. The f
Russian music also found its national voice through the assimilation of folk song. The f
Russian music also found its national voice through the assimilation of folk song. The f
Collection of Russian Folk Songs
124
was an instant hit, and it quickly went through several editions. Throughout the ninete
was an instant hit, and it quickly went through several editions. Throughout the ninete
was an instant hit, and it quickly went through several editions. Throughout the ninete
themes russes.
Boris Godunov
sviatochnaya,
125
The Imperial recruitment of this peasant theme was equally pronounced in Glinka’s ope
The Imperial recruitment of this peasant theme was equally pronounced in Glinka’s ope
The Imperial recruitment of this peasant theme was equally pronounced in Glinka’s ope
A Life for the Tsar
A Life,
*After 1917 there were suggestions that the ‘Glory’ chorus should become the national ant
*After 1917 there were suggestions that the ‘Glory’ chorus should become the national ant
*After 1917 there were suggestions that the ‘Glory’ chorus should become the national ant
life by misdirecting the Polish troops who had invaded Russia in its ‘Time of Troubles’ (
life by misdirecting the Polish troops who had invaded Russia in its ‘Time of Troubles’ (
life by misdirecting the Polish troops who had invaded Russia in its ‘Time of Troubles’ (
Glinka said that his opera was conceived as a battle between Polish and Russian music. Th
Glinka said that his opera was conceived as a battle between Polish and Russian music. Th
Glinka said that his opera was conceived as a battle between Polish and Russian music. Th
A Life
126
In painting, too, there was a new approach to the Russian peasantry. The canons of good ta
In painting, too, there was a new approach to the Russian peasantry. The canons of good ta
In painting, too, there was a new approach to the Russian peasantry. The canons of good ta
This can be seen in the work of Alexei Venetsianov, a quintessential child of 1812. The so
This can be seen in the work of Alexei Venetsianov, a quintessential child of 1812. The so
This can be seen in the work of Alexei Venetsianov, a quintessential child of 1812. The so
6. Alexei Venetsianov: Cleaning Beetroot, 1820
6. Alexei Venetsianov: Cleaning Beetroot, 1820
6. Alexei Venetsianov: Cleaning Beetroot, 1820
6. Alexei Venetsianov:
1820
came originally from Greece), Venetsianov was a draughtsman and a land surveyor for the g
came originally from Greece), Venetsianov was a draughtsman and a land surveyor for the g
came originally from Greece), Venetsianov was a draughtsman and a land surveyor for the g
127
artists from his meagre income off the land. One of them was Grigory Soroka, whose tender p
artists from his meagre income off the land. One of them was Grigory Soroka, whose tender p
artists from his meagre income off the land. One of them was Grigory Soroka, whose tender p
Venetsianov knew the peasants of his village individually - and in his best portraits, tha
Venetsianov knew the peasants of his village individually - and in his best portraits, tha
Venetsianov knew the peasants of his village individually - and in his best portraits, tha
The Threshing Floor
Cleaning Beetroot
In the Ploughed Field: Spring
5
5
5
5
5
Compared to their parents, the Russian nobles who grew up after 1812 put a higher valuatio
Compared to their parents, the Russian nobles who grew up after 1812 put a higher valuatio
Compared to their parents, the Russian nobles who grew up after 1812 put a higher valuatio
In the eighteenth century the aristocracy had seen childhood as a preparation for the ad
In the eighteenth century the aristocracy had seen childhood as a preparation for the ad
In the eighteenth century the aristocracy had seen childhood as a preparation for the ad
The Minor,
War and Peace.
in absentia)
considered disadvantageous: the sooner one got on to the promotion ladder the better.
considered disadvantageous: the sooner one got on to the promotion ladder the better.
considered disadvantageous: the sooner one got on to the promotion ladder the better.
The memoirist Vasily Selivanov grew up in a household where the seven sons were all prep
The memoirist Vasily Selivanov grew up in a household where the seven sons were all prep
The memoirist Vasily Selivanov grew up in a household where the seven sons were all prep
128
vous
129
130
Distant fathers were, of course, the norm in nineteenth-century Europe, but there were fe
Distant fathers were, of course, the norm in nineteenth-century Europe, but there were fe
Distant fathers were, of course, the norm in nineteenth-century Europe, but there were fe
she tended to be in the Russian noble family. It was the custom for a noble child to be put i
she tended to be in the Russian noble family. It was the custom for a noble child to be put i
she tended to be in the Russian noble family. It was the custom for a noble child to be put i
131
132
It was not unusual, then, for the noble child to grow up without any direct parental discip
It was not unusual, then, for the noble child to grow up without any direct parental discip
It was not unusual, then, for the noble child to grow up without any direct parental discip
Yet there were bonds of affection and respect between many noble children and their serfs
Yet there were bonds of affection and respect between many noble children and their serfs
Yet there were bonds of affection and respect between many noble children and their serfs
This resemblance between servants and children accounts for their mutual attraction.
This resemblance between servants and children accounts for their mutual attraction.
This resemblance between servants and children accounts for their mutual attraction.
that in the eyes of grown-up people they are children, while in the eyes of servants they are p
that in the eyes of grown-up people they are children, while in the eyes of servants they are p
that in the eyes of grown-up people they are children, while in the eyes of servants they are p
weak
simple.
133
Writing as a socialist, Herzen put down his ‘hatred of oppression’ to the ‘mutual allian
Writing as a socialist, Herzen put down his ‘hatred of oppression’ to the ‘mutual allian
Writing as a socialist, Herzen put down his ‘hatred of oppression’ to the ‘mutual allian
1
4
135
The high-born Russian boy spent his childhood in the downstairs servants’ world. He was care
The high-born Russian boy spent his childhood in the downstairs servants’ world. He was care
The high-born Russian boy spent his childhood in the downstairs servants’ world. He was care
Eugene Onegin:
She dare not look to see behind her, And ever faster on she reels; At every turn he seems to f
She dare not look to see behind her, And ever faster on she reels; At every turn he seems to f
She dare not look to see behind her, And ever faster on she reels; At every turn he seems to f
136
By necessity the children of the servants were the playmates of the high-born child - for in
By necessity the children of the servants were the playmates of the high-born child - for in
By necessity the children of the servants were the playmates of the high-born child - for in
children of a similar social class for miles around. Like many nineteenth-century memoi
children of a similar social class for miles around. Like many nineteenth-century memoi
children of a similar social class for miles around. Like many nineteenth-century memoi
(gorodki);
(babki
137
Herzen wrote that there existed ‘a feudal bond of affection’ between the noble family and
Herzen wrote that there existed ‘a feudal bond of affection’ between the noble family and
Herzen wrote that there existed ‘a feudal bond of affection’ between the noble family and
138
Morning of the Lady of the Manor
Of all the household servants, those associated with childcare (the maid, the wet nurse a
Of all the household servants, those associated with childcare (the maid, the wet nurse a
Of all the household servants, those associated with childcare (the maid, the wet nurse a
7. A wet nurse in traditional Russian dress. Early-twentieth-century photograph
7. A wet nurse in traditional Russian dress. Early-twentieth-century photograph
7. A wet nurse in traditional Russian dress. Early-twentieth-century photograph
A wet nurse in traditional Russian dress. Early-twentieth-century photograph
of the nobleman for his childhood was associated with the warmth and tenderness of his rel
of the nobleman for his childhood was associated with the warmth and tenderness of his rel
of the nobleman for his childhood was associated with the warmth and tenderness of his rel
The wet nurse was a particularly important figure in the Russian noble family. Russian
The wet nurse was a particularly important figure in the Russian noble family. Russian
The wet nurse was a particularly important figure in the Russian noble family. Russian
of this habit, claiming that the ‘milk of a peasant girl can give lifelong health and moral
of this habit, claiming that the ‘milk of a peasant girl can give lifelong health and moral
of this habit, claiming that the ‘milk of a peasant girl can give lifelong health and moral
139
140
141
But it was the nanny who was closest to the heart of the noble child.
But it was the nanny who was closest to the heart of the noble child.
But it was the nanny who was closest to the heart of the noble child.
” The artist Dobuzhinsky described the spectacular appearance of the traditional wet n
” The artist Dobuzhinsky described the spectacular appearance of the traditional wet n
” The artist Dobuzhinsky described the spectacular appearance of the traditional wet n
summer the wet nurses used to wear coloured sarafans with lots of small gold or glass
summer the wet nurses used to wear coloured sarafans with lots of small gold or glass
summer the wet nurses used to wear coloured sarafans with lots of small gold or glass
sarafans
buttons and muslin balloon sleeves’. (M. V. Dobuzhinskii vospominaniia (New York, 1976,
buttons and muslin balloon sleeves’. (M. V. Dobuzhinskii vospominaniia (New York, 1976,
buttons and muslin balloon sleeves’. (M. V. Dobuzhinskii vospominaniia (New York, 1976,
vospominaniia
The stereotype of the old-fashioned nanny - the sort that appears in countless works of art
The stereotype of the old-fashioned nanny - the sort that appears in countless works of art
The stereotype of the old-fashioned nanny - the sort that appears in countless works of art
Eugene Onegin
Boris Godunov
142
Such indeed was the lasting influence of the nanny’s tender care that many nineteenth-cen
Such indeed was the lasting influence of the nanny’s tender care that many nineteenth-cen
Such indeed was the lasting influence of the nanny’s tender care that many nineteenth-cen
143
144
At the age of six or seven the noble child was transferred from the
At the age of six or seven the noble child was transferred from the
At the age of six or seven the noble child was transferred from the
care of a nanny to the supervision of a French or German tutor and then sent off to school. T
care of a nanny to the supervision of a French or German tutor and then sent off to school. T
care of a nanny to the supervision of a French or German tutor and then sent off to school. T