Northfield (21 page)

A
UTHOR'S
N
OTE

Since George Huntington's
Robber and Hero: The Story of the Northfield Bank Raid
, first published in 1895, the James-Younger bloodbath of 1876 has been well-chronicled in the history book department. In addition to Huntington's book, my primary sources include
Jesse James, My Father
by Jesse Edwards James (1899),
The Story of Cole Younger by Himself (1903), Jesse James Was His Name
by William A. Settle Jr. (1966),
Youngers' Fatal Blunder: Northfield, Minnesota
by Dallas Cantrell (1973),
The Outlaw Youngers: A Confederate Brotherhood: A Biography
(1992),
Outlaws: The Illustrated History of the James-Younger Gang
(1997), and
Jesse James: The Man and the Myth
(1998), all by Marley Brant,
Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend
by Ted P. Yeatman (2000), and
The Last Hurrah of the James-Younger Gang
by Robert Barr Smith (2001).

Most importantly, I certainly could not have tackled this novel without poring over the works of Minnesota historian John J. Koblas:
The Jesse James Northfield Raid: Confessions of the Ninth Man
(1999),
Faithful Unto Death: The James-Younger Raid on the First National Bank
(2001),
Jesse James Ate Here: An Outlaw Tour and History of Minnesota at the Time of the Northfield Raid
(2001), and
Minnesota Grit: The Men Who Defeated the James-Younger Gang
(2005). I first met Jack Koblas at a Jesse James writers' conference in Liberty, Missouri, and he helped me through certain snags during the writing of
Northfield.

All major characters in this novel were actual people, although interpretations of actions and character traits are my own inventions. Of course, you can find much debate on who killed Joseph Heywood, who and how many actually took part in the bank robbery (were Bill Stiles and Bill Chadwell two different people, or was Chadwell an alias Stiles used?) and why the outlaws chose Northfield. Likewise, the image of Jesse James leaping his horse across the Palisades in South Dakota may be folklore, and most likely is nothing more than myth, but I sure wouldn't put it past as brash an outlaw as Dingus, or leave it out of a Western novel.

When I visited Northfield and elsewhere in southern Minnesota, I found some tremendous allies in my project. I am deeply thankful to Chip DeMann of the James Gang for the beers, theories, and anecdotes shared at a Millersburg tavern. Likewise, Mark Fagerwick, then executive director of the Northfield Historical Society and Museum Store, offered much insight and other ideas, as well as access to the wonderful museum in the restored Scriver Building that housed the First National Bank in 1876. Kathy Feldbrugge of the Northfield Area Chamber of Commerce and Tara Mueller of the Madelia Area Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Bureau were gracious hosts, as were Wayne Eddy, Kurt Fishtorn, and Bob Abbott. On the Missouri side of the story, the Friends of the James Farm have always been supportive of my projects and provided valuable information and help. Much appreciation to Friends members Scott Cole, Howard Dellinger, Christie Kennard, and Phillip Steele.

Thanks also go to Bruce and Ruth Thorstad of Dresser, Wisconsin, Will Ghormley of Des Moines, Iowa, Jon Chandler of Westminster, Colorado, and the staffs at the Vista Grande Public Library in Santa Fé County, New Mexico, and Missouri Valley Special Collections at the Kansas City Public Library

Other key sources include
Adelbert Ames: Broken Oaths and Reconstruction in Mississippi, 1835-1933
by Blanche Ames Ames (1964),
The Northfield Bank Raid, Sept. 7, 1876
, published by the Northfield News Inc. in 1933,
Before Their Identity
(1996), compiled by Ruth Rentz Yates, courtesy of the Madelia Chamber of Commerce, the September 14, 1876, edition of the Rice County
Journal
, and the 1991 University of Minnesota master's thesis by Paul Thomas Hetter,
The Last Raid of the Younger Brothers; or, Missouri, Outlawry and Minnesota, and How Their Histories Influenced the Outcome of the Great Northfield Raid
, courtesy of Missouri Valley Special Collections, Kansas City Public Library.

Among the main characters in this novel, Adelbert Ames lived to age ninety-seven, dying on April 13,1933, the last full-rank general officer of the Civil War. Ara Barton continued on as sheriff of Rice County until 1885. He died in Morristown, Minnesota, on November 6,1898.

Alonzo Bunker resigned from the First National Bank in 1878 and took a similar job at the Citizens Bank of Northfield. He later worked at banks in Kansas City, St. Paul, and Helena, Montana. He died in 1929 in Los Angeles. James Glispin wound up serving a fourth and final term as sheriff of Watowan County before leaving Madelia in 1880 for California. Later, he served as a lawman in and around Spokane, Washington, then became a realtor before going blind. He died in 1890.

Lizzie May Heywood left Northfield after her father's death, but returned at age thirteen and enrolled at a college preparatory school. She graduated from Carleton College with a degree in music, furthering her music studies in Indianapolis, and returned to Northfield again in 1897 to marry before moving to Scranton, Pennsylvania. She died in 1947.

Anselm Manning saw his two daughters, one born three years after the Northfield raid, graduate from Carleton College. At age seventy-five, he dropped dead of a heart attack in 1909 while walking through the snow to his barn. Farm hand Thomas Jefferson Dunning apparently continued farming until his death in Nicollet County, Minnesota in 1924. Joe Brown, Mollie Ellsworth, and Sidney Mosher (providing they aren't other bits of fictional folklore) seem to have faded from history after their alleged run-ins with the outlaws.

Two years after the raid, Captain William Murphy, one of the heroes at Hanska Slough, wound up in trouble with the law. After a man named Samuel Ash “exposed his person and made the most disgusting proposals” to two girls, including Murphy's daughter, Murphy went after Ash. He found Ash in the custody of the sheriff, but fatally shot Ash anyway. Murphy maintained his revolver went off accidentally, but was convicted of fourth degree manslaughter and served a one year sentence in the Blue Earth County Jail. He died at his home in 1904 at age sixty-five.

Asle Oscar Sorbel's father was killed in a wagon accident in 1879, and young Oscar moved to Dakota Territory in 1883—some accounts say he feared reprisals from the James-Younger Gang, while other sources discount this—where he married in 1890. He worked as a veterinarian, dying in 1930 at age seventy-one.

Thomas Lee Vought left Madelia after the capture, living in New York and South Dakota before winding up in LaCrosse, Wisconsin, where he died in 1917. Henry Wheeler finished medical school and returned to Northfield to open a practice in 1877. He furthered his medical studies in New York City, married his childhood sweetheart in 1878, and hung his shingle in Grand Forks, North Dakota, in 1891. He died in 1930 at age seventy-six.

History tells us that the James brothers reformed their gang and continued their criminal careers in Missouri and elsewhere. On Monday, April 3,1882, gang member Robert Ford shot and killed Jesse James at the outlaw's home in St. Joseph, Missouri, where he was living with his family under the name Howard. A short while later, Frank James negotiated a surrender to authorities and turned himself in at the Missouri governor's office. Acquitted in two trials (in Gallatin, Missouri, and Huntsville, Alabama), Frank James was never brought to trial for the Northfield bank raid. He never answered questions about his career as an outlaw. “If I admitted that these stories were true,” he once said, “people would say: ‘There's the greatest scoundrel unhung' and if I denied 'em they'd say: 'There's the greatest liar on earth,’ so I just say nothing.” On February 18, 1915, Frank James died at his home on the family farm, which he took over running after his mother's passing in 1911.

An ailing Cole Younger attended his old friend's funeral.

Suffering from kidney and heart trouble, Cole Younger retired to Lee's Summit, Missouri, after an unsuccessful Wild West venture with Frank James, a series of lecture tours titled “What Life Has Taught Me”, and his 1903 autobiography,
The Story of Cole Younger by Himself.
He joined the Christian Church of Lee's Summit, quietly living out his days. On March 19, 1916, Younger called friend Harry Hoffman and Jesse James's son, Jesse Edwards James, to his deathbed, where he told stories about the old days, and, if the story's true, swore James and Hoffman to secrecy before revealing that Frank James had killed Joe Heywood in Northfield.

Two days later, at 8:45 p.m., Thomas Coleman Younger, the last known surviving member of the gang of outlaws that raided Northfield, died. He was seventy-two.

“There is no heroism in outlawry,” Younger wrote in his autobiography, “and the fate of each outlaw in his turn should be an everlasting lesson to the young of the land.”

Johnny D. Boggs
Santa Fé, New Mexico

A
BOUT THE
A
UTHOR

Johnny D. Boggs has worked cattle, shot rapids in a canoe, hiked across mountains and deserts, traipsed around ghost towns, and spent hours poring over microfilm in library archives—all in the name of finding a good story He’s also one of the few Western writers to have won two Spur Awards from Western Writers of America (for his novel,
Camp Ford
, in 2006, and his short story, “A Piano at Dead Man’s Crossing,” in 2002) and the Western Heritage Wrangler Award from the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum (for his novel,
Spark on the Prairie: The Trial of the Kiowa Chiefs
, in 2004). A native of South Carolina, Boggs spent almost fifteen years in Texas as a journalist at the
Dallas Times Herald
and
Fort Worth Star-Telegram
before moving to New Mexico in 1998 to concentrate full time on his novels. Author of twenty-seven published short stories, he has also written for more than fifty newspapers and magazines, and is a frequent contributor to
Boys’ Life, New Mexico Magazine, Persimmon Hill
, and
True West.
His Western novels cover a wide range.
The Lonesome Chisholm Trail
is an authentic cattle-drive story, while
Lonely Trumpet
is an historical novel about the first black graduate of West Point.
The Despoilers
and
Ghost Legion
are set in the Carolina back-country during the Revolutionary War.
The Big Fifty chronicles the slaughter of buffalo on the southern plains in the 1870s, while East of the Border is a comedy about the theatrical offerings of Buffalo Bill Cody, Wild Bill Hickok, and Texas Jack Omohundro, and Camp Ford tells about a Civil War baseball game between Union prisoners of war and Confederate guards. “Boggs’s narrative voice captures the old-fashioned style of the past,” Pub-lishers Weekly said, and Booklist called him “among the best Western writers at work today” Boggs lives with his wife Lisa and son Jack in Santa Fé. His Web site is
www.johnnydboggs.com
.

HIGH PRAISE FOR SPUR AWARD WINNER
JOHNNY D. BOGGS…

“One of the best Western writers at work today!”

—
Publishers Weekly

“Boggs…writes with a finely honed sense of character and a keen eye for detail…”

—
Booklist

“Boggs is unparalleled at evoking the gritty reality of the Old West.”

—
The Shootist

“A terrific writer.”

—
Roundup

“Johnny D. Boggs has a keen ability to interlace historically accurate information amid a cast of descriptive characters and circumstances.”

—
Cowboy Chronicle

“Boggs, one of the most dependable Western writers working today, delivers again with this charming and exciting over-the-hill adventure.”

—
Booklist

…AND
NORTHFIELD

“Lively and entertaining…A vibrant retelling of the Old West’s most notorious and deadly bank robbery flop.”

—
Publishers Weekly

“A fast-moving and strangely poignant tale that never pauses to rest.”

—
The Denver Post

“This book stands head and shoulders above others of its kind.”

—
Roundup

“The kaleidoscopic effect pays handsome rewards, fueling the action from all vantage points in concise, frenetic bursts that might even leave you feeling a mite poorly for those doomed outlaws.”

—
Booklist

“Boggs’s riveting telling of the infamous raids reads both fresh and different: a tall order strikingly delivered.”

—
The Santa Fe New Mexican