9
. Major G.D. Mitchell,
RCHA â Right of the Line: An Anecdotal History of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery from 1871
(Ottawa: RCHA History Committee, 1986), 114.
10
. Porter, “Report No. 166,” 76.
11
. Ibid., 78.
12
. Kim Beattie,
Dileas: History of the 48th Highlanders of Canada: 1929â1956
(Toronto: 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1957), 433.
13
. 48th Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Dec. 1943, 32-N-9, National Archives of Canada.
14
. Beattie,
Dileas
, 436.
15
. Porter, “Report No. 166,” 80.
16
. Ibid., 80â81.
17
. Beattie,
Dileas
, 437.
18
. Ibid., 439.
19
. Ibid., 438.
20
. Ibid.
21
. Nicholson,
Canadians in Italy
, 318.
22
. Beattie,
Dileas
, 439.
23
. Nicholson,
Canadians in Italy
, 318â19.
24
. Strome Galloway,
Some Died at Ortona
(n.p., n.d.), 192â93.
25
. G.W. Stephen Brodsky,
God's Dodger
(Sidney, B.C.: Elysium Publishing Co., 1993), 203.
26
. Galloway,
Some Died at Ortona
, 192.
27
. Ibid., 192â94.
28
. J.T.B. Quayle,
In Action: A Personal Account of the Italian and Netherlands Campaigns of WW II
(Abbotsford, B.C.: Blue Stone Publishing, 1997), 22â23.
29
. Galloway,
Some Died at Ortona
, 193â94.
30
. Porter, “Report No. 166,” 82â83.
31
. Quayle,
In Action
, 23â24.
1
. J.T.B. Quayle,
In Action: A Personal Account of the Italian and Netherlands Campaigns of WW II
(Abbotsford, B.C.: Blue Stone Publishing, 1997), 24.
2
. Charlie Prieur, “Chronicles of the Three Rivers Regiment (Tank) at War,” n.p., n.d., 115.
3
. Colonel Strome Galloway,
Some Died at Ortona
(n.p., n.d.), 195.
4
. Captain J.A. Porter, “Report No. 166 Historical Section Canadian Military
Headquarters: Administrative Aspects of the Operations of 1 Canadian Infantry Division in Italy, December 1943,” Department of National Defence, 29 Nov. 1946, 83.
5
. Quayle,
In Action
, 24.
6
. Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, Dec. 1943, n.p., National Archives of Canada.
7
. Galloway,
Some Died at Ortona
, 196.
8
. Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, n.p.
9
. Strome Galloway,
A Regiment at War: The Story of the Royal Canadian Regiment, 1939â1945
(RCP, reprint, 1979), 115.
10
. G.W.L. Nicholson,
Canadians in Italy: 1943â1945
, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1956), 320.
11
. Porter, “Report No. 166,” 84.
12
. Ibid.
13
. Nicholson,
Canadians in Italy,
323.
14
. Karl Bayerlein, diary.
15
. Americo Casanova, interview by author, Ortona, 8 Dec. 1998. It is unlikely the Germans destroyed the Casanova apartment because of American possessions. More probable is that the building, on Ortona's southern outskirts, was perceived as a threat to the defensive positions inside Ortona. Such a large building would have provided an excellent observation point for Canadian artillery forward observation officers and would have been virtually immune to German artillery or mortar fire.
16
. John Alpine Dougan, interview by Tom Torrie, 27 July 1989, University of Victoria Special Collections.
17
. Jim Stone, interview by William S. Thackray, 13, 20 May and 3, 10, 17 June 1980, University of Victoria Special Collections.
18
. 12th Canadian Armoured Brigade War Diary, Dec. 1943, 108-N-27, National Archives of Canada.
19
. Ibid.
20
. Robert L. McDougall,
A Narrative of War: From the Beaches of Sicily to the Hitler Line with the Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 1943â1944
(Ottawa: The Golden Dog Press, 1996), 151.
21
. Ibid.
22
. Jock Gibson, interview by author, Vancouver, B.C., 23 Nov. 1998.
23
. McDougall,
A Narrative of War
, 151.
24
. Ibid.
25
. Reginald Roy,
The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 1919â1965
(Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1969), 258â61.
26
. McDougall,
A Narrative of War
, 153.
27
. Charles Comfort,
Artist at War
(Pender Island, B.C.: Remembrance Books, 1995), 102â3.
28
. Americo Casanova, interview.
1
. Jim Stone, interview by William S. Thackray. 13, 20 May and 3, 10, 17 June 1980, University of Victoria Special Collections.
2
. Ibid.
3
. John Alpine Dougan, interview by author, Victoria, B.C., 23 Oct. 1998.
4
. Ibid.
5
. Ibid.
6
. Elwyn R. Springsteel, correspondence with author, fall 1998.
7
. John Alpine Dougan, interview by Tom Torrie, 27 July 1989, University of Victoria Special Collections.
8
. Dougan, interview by author.
9
. Alon Johnson, interview by author, Victoria, B.C., 29 Sept. 1998.
10
. Stone, interview.
11
. Johnson, interview.
12
. Loyal Edmonton Regiment War Diary, Dec. 1943, 38-N-8, National Archives of Canada.
13
. 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade War Diary, Dec. 1943, 583-N-23, National Archives of Canada.
14
. Dougan, interview by Torrie.
15
. Ibid.
16
. Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Dec. 1943, n.p., National Archives of Canada.
17
. Associazone Archeologica Frentana,
Immagini: Ottobre 1943âGiugno 1944, Nove mesi di martirio
(Ortona: Soc. Coop. Iniziativa Cristiana, 1993), n.p.
18
. Captain A.J. Porter, “Report No. 165 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 Canadian Infantry Division and 1 Canadian Armoured Brigade in Italy, 25 Nov. 43â4 Jan. 44,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 86â87.
19
. Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
20
. Ibid.
21
. 12th Canadian Armoured Regiment War Diary, Dec. 1943, 108-N-29, National Archives of Canada.
22
. Reginald Roy,
The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 1919â1965
(Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1969), 265.
23
. Jock Gibson, interview by author, Vancouver, B.C., 23 Nov. 1998.
24
. Karl Bayerlein, interview by Michael Boire, Heilbronn, Germany, 12 Jan. 1999.
25
. Karl Bayerlein, diary.
26
. Porter, “Report No. 165,” 86.
27
. Captain A.G. Steiger, “Report #18 Historical Section Army Headquarters: The Campaign in Southern Italy (Sept.âDec. 1943), Information from German Military Documents regarding Allied operations in general and Canadian operations in particular,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., 63.
1
. Jim Stone, interview by William S. Thackray, 13, 20 May and 3, 10, 17 June 1980, University of Victoria Special Collections.
2
. Daniel Dancocks,
The D-Day Dodgers: The Canadians in Italy, 1943â1945
(Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1991), 176.
3
. Alon Johnson, interview by author, Victoria, B.C., 29 Sept. 1998.
4
. Stone, interview, by Thackray. Stone was awarded the Military Cross for this exploit.
5
. Ibid.
6
. In fact, Stone never accepted that the attack probably would have failed at the rubble pile. He remained convinced that the tankers' timidity was the only reason the Edmontons failed to break resistance in Ortona on Dec. 22.
7
. John Dougan, interview by author, Victoria, B.C., 23 Oct. 1998.
8
. G.R. Stevens,
A City Goes to War
(Brampton, Ont.: Charters, 1964), 176.
9
. Melville A. McPhee, correspondence with author, 21 Oct. 1998.
10
. G.W.L. Nicholson,
The Canadians in Italy: 1943â1945
, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1956), 327.
11
. 12th Canadian Armoured Regiment War Diary, Dec. 1943, 108-N-30, National Archives of Canada.
12
. Peggy Turnbull, correspondence with author, Feb. 1999.
13
. Karl Bayerlein, diary.
14
. Karl Bayerlein, interview by Maj. Michael Boire, Heilbronn, Germany, 12 Jan. 1999.
15
. Ibid.
16
. Captain A.G. Steiger, “Report #18 Historical Section Army Headquarters: The Campaign in Southern Italy (Sept.âDec. 1943), Information from German Military Documents regarding Allied operations in general and Canadian operations in particular.” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., 64.
17
. Bayerlein, interview.
18
. Steiger, “Report #18,” 63.
19
. Major N.L.C. Mathers, “Lessons learned and experience gained during fighting for Ortona,” National Archives of Canada, n.p.
20
. Ibid.
21
. Ibid.
1
. Captain A.J. Porter, “Report No. 165 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 Canadian Infantry Division and 1 Canadian Armoured Brigade in Italy, 25 Nov. 43â4 Jan. 44,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 94.
2
. Ibid., 95.
3
. Ibid.
4
. Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment War Diary, Dec. 1943, 33-N-13, National Archives of Canada.
5
. Frank McGuire eyewitness account, as related in note to author. June 1999.
6
. Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment War Diary, 33-N-13.
7
. McGuire account.
8
. Basil Smith, “Memoirs of a Quarterbloke,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., 42.
9
. Ibid., 43.
10
. Farley Mowat,
The Regiment
, 2nd ed. (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1973), 154.
11
. Lex Schragg,
History of the Ontario Regiment: 1866â1951
(n.p., n.d.), 170.
12
. G.W.L. Nicholson,
The Canadians In Italy: 1943â1945
, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1956), 334.
13
. Daniel Dancocks,
The D-Day Dodgers: The Canadians in Italy, 1943â1945
(Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1991), 182.
14
. Schragg,
History of the Ontario Regiment
, 170â71.
15
. Mowat,
The Regiment
, 157.
16
. N.a., “Battle of the Moro River: Hastings & Prince Edward Regiment,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
17
. Smith, “Memoirs,” 44.
18
. Nicholson,
Canadians in Italy
, 334.
1
. G.W.L. Nicholson,
The Canadians in Italy: 1943â1945
, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1956), 327.
2
. Ed Boyd, correspondence with author, 11 Oct. 1998.
3
. “Employment of Snipers in Sicily and the Italian Campaign,” National Archives of Canada, 1â2.
4
. Fritz Illi, interview by Major Michael Boire, Zuffenhausen, Germany, 20 Feb. 1999.
5
. Jock Gibson, interview by author, Vancouver, B.C., 23 Nov. 1998.
6
. Captain A.J. Porter, “Report No. 165 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 Canadian Infantry Division and 1 Canadian Armoured Brigade in Italy, 25 Nov. 43â4 Jan. 44,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 89.
7
.
Fighting in Built Up Areas, Part Two: Ortona
(London: Ministry of Defence, Britain, 1990).
8
. Ibid.
9
. Harry Rankin, interview by author, Vancouver, B.C., 15 Oct. 1998.
10
. Charles Comfort,
Artist at War
(Pender Island, B.C.: Remembrance Books, 1995), 90.
11
. Anna Tucci, interview by author, Ortona, 8 Dec., 1998.
12
. June Thomas, interview by author, Victoria, B.C., 23 Oct. 1998.
13
. Major D.H. Cunningham, “The Press in the Ortona Battle,” National Archives of Canada, n.p.
14
. Porter, “Report No. 165,” 90.
15
. Bert Hoffmeister, interview by author, West Vancouver, B.C., 23 Nov. 1998.
1
. Kim Beattie,
Dileas: History of the 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1926â1956
(Toronto: 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1957), 459.