Pearl Harbor (32 page)

14
“Memorandum: December 7, 1941.”

15
C. P. Trussell, “Congress Decided,”
New York Times
, December 8, 1941, 1; Raymond Z. Henle, “Roosevelt May Ask War on Axis,”
Pittsburgh Post Gazette
, December 8, 1941, 1.

16
“Nearly All Congressional Opposition to Roosevelt's Foreign Policy Fades,”
Wall Street Journal
, December 8, 1941, 3; Trussell, “Congress Decided”; Wm. C.
Murphy Jr., “Roosevelt to Give Message on War to Congress Today,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, December 8, 1941, 1.

17
Henle, “Roosevelt May Ask War on Axis,” 1.

18
“From Brick Dust to Bouquets,”
Time
, December 15, 1941, 50.

19
Alexander Kendrick,
Prime Time: Life of Edward R. Murrow
(New York: Littlehampton, 1970), 240.

20
Frank Costigliola, “Broken Circle: The Isolation of Franklin D. Roosevelt in World War II,”
Diplomatic History
32 (November 2008): 693.

21
Kendrick,
Prime Time
, 240.

22
A. M. Sperber,
Murrow: His Life and Times
(New York: Fordham University Press, 1999), 207; “Memorandum: December 7, 1941.”

23
Ibid., 207.

24
Kendrick,
Prime Time
, 240–241.

25
James Roosevelt,
My Parents: A Differing View
(New York: Playboy Press, 1976), 266.

26
William Seale,
The President's House: A History
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 2:989–990.

1
Grace Tully,
FDR: My Boss
(New York: Scribner's, 1949), 258.

2
Stanley Weintraub,
Long Day's Journey into War: December 7, 1941
(New York: Dutton, 1991), 625.

3
“British Declare War on Japan Without Waiting for America,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 9, 1941, 1.

4
CINCPAC Cable, “Shown to President by Naval Aide, 8:30 am, December 8,” Map Room Papers, Military Files, Series I, Box 36, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library (FDRL); CINCPAC Cable, “Shown to President by Naval Aide, 8:45 am, December 8,” Map Room Papers, Military Files, Series I, Box 36, FDRL.

5
“Phoned from Operations Duty Officer,” December 8, 1941, Map Room Papers, “Warfare: Philippines, 1941–1943,” Box 99, FDRL.

6
Greene to Hulburd,
War Comes to the U.S.—Dec. 7, 1941: The First 30 Hours as Reported to the Time-Life-Fortune News Bureau from the U.S. and Abroad
(New York, 1942); Arthur Krock, “Unity Clicks into Place,”
New York Times
, December 8, 1941, 6.

7
Raymond Z. Henle, “Nation Set to Avenge Jap Blows,”
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
, December 9, 1941, 1.

8
C. Fred Lehr to President, December 8, 1941, Official File, OF4675, World War II, Support: “M-L,” Box 5, FDRL.

9
Jefferson to President, December 8, 1941, Official File, OF4675, World War II, Support: “J,” Box 5, FDRL.

10
The FDR Library also has in its possession aluminum braces that belonged to Roosevelt. It is unclear, however, when Roosevelt wore these braces. The aluminum design is similar to that of the steel braces, but they weigh only three and a half pounds each.

11
William C. Murphy Jr., “U.S. Declares War on Japs,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, December 9, 1941, 1; Hugh Gregory Gallagher,
FDR's Splendid Deception
(Arlington, VA: Vandamere Press, 1994), 163.

12
Felix Belair Jr. to Hulburd,
War Comes to the U.S.

13
Michael F. Reilly,
Reilly of the White House
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1947), 27.

14
Ibid., 27–28. Reilly says the conversation took place on December 9, the day after FDR's address to Congress. In fact, it was December 8.

15
James Reston, “Capital Swings into War Stride,”
New York Times
, December 9, 1941, 1; Belair to Hulburd,
War Comes to the US.

16
Frank Wilson and Beth Day,
Special Agent
(New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1965), 147.

17
“Memoir, Mrs. Charles Hamlin,” December 7, 1941, John Toland Papers, Series V, Infamy, “December 7, 1941,” Box 126, FDRL; Gordon W. Prange,
December 7, 1941: The Day the Japanese Attacked Pearl Harbor
(New York: Wings Books, 1991), 248; Gallagher,
FDR's Splendid Deception
, 164–165; Frank L. Kluckhohn, “Unity in Congress,”
New York Times
, December 9, 1941, 1; Belair to Hulburd,
War Comes to the U.S.

18
Belair to Hulburd,
War Comes to the U.S.

19
Gallagher,
FDR's Splendid Deception
, 97, 165.

20
Louis M. Lyons, “Again a U.S. President Asks for Declaration of War,”
Boston Daily Globe
, December 8, 1941, 1.

21
McNaughton to Hulburd,
War Comes to the U.S.

22
Ibid.

23
Ibid.

24
Murphy, “U.S. Declares War on Japs,” 1.

25
James Roosevelt,
My Parents: A Differing View
(New York: Playboy Press, 1976), 92–93.

26
Kenneth Davis,
FDR: The War President
(New York: Random House, 2000), 206–208.

27
McNaughton to Hulburd,
War Comes to the U.S.

28
Murphy, “U.S. Declares War on Japs,” 1.

29
Ibid
.

30
Eleanor Roosevelt,
This I Remember
(Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press Reprints, 1975), 234.

31
Kluckhohn, “Unity in Congress,” 1; Ernest Lindley, “The President in Crisis,”
Washington Post
, December 14, 1941, 7; Murphy, “U.S. Declares War on Japs,” 1.

32
Audio Recording, “FDR's Address to Congress,” December 8, 1941, FDRL.

33
Laird to Hulburd,
War Comes to the U.S.

34
C. P. Trussell, “Unanimous Senate Acts in 15 Minutes,”
New York Times
, December 9, 1941, 1.

35
http://clerk.house.govhighlights.html
.

36
Hulburd to McNaughton,
War Comes to the U.S.

37
Ibid.

38
FDR to “For the Former Naval Person,” December 8, 1941, Map Room Papers, Warfare, Box 99, FDRL.

1
John Mueller, “Pearl Harbor: Military Inconvenience, Political Disaster,”
International Security
(Winter 1991–1992): 172–203.

2
“Chicagoans Rush to Join Forces Fighting Japan,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, December 9, 1941, 7.

3
“Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Advisory Board,” December 8, 1941, America First Committee Papers, Box 162, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace; “Isolation Groups Back Roosevelt,”
New York Times
, December 9, 1941, 44; Kenneth Davis,
FDR: The War President
(New York: Random House, 2000), 348–349.

4
“Labor for Ending Defense Strikes,”
New York Times
, December 9, 1941, 37.

5
Ernest Lindley, “The President in the Crisis,”
Washington Post
, December 14, 1941, 7.

6
Frank L. Kluckhohn, “The Commander-in-Chief,”
New York Times Magazine
, December 14, 1941, 10.

7
Frank Freidel, “FDR vs. Hitler: American Foreign Policy, 1933–1941,”
Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society
(1987): 25–43.

8
Press Release, December 8, 1941, Official File, World War II, OF4675, Box 1, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.

9
Davis,
FDR: The War President,
349–350.

10
Frank Freidel,
Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny
(New York: Little, Brown, 1990), 408.

11
Emily S. Rosenberg,
A Date Which Will Live: Pearl Harbor in American Memory
(Durham: Duke University Press, 2003), 174–176.

12
“Proclamation 8089—National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, 2006,”
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents
, December 11, 2006, 2119–2120.

INDEX

Acheson, Dean

Air attack, and White House security

Alarm system, and White House security

Alien Registration Act

Alien residents

Allies of World War II,.
See also individual countries

America First Committee

Army (U.S.)

expansion of

Associated Press

Atlantic Charter

Austin, Warren R.

Austria

Backdoor theory.
See also
Conspiracy theories

Barkley, Alben

Battle slogans

Battleship Row

Beardall, John

Belgium

Bellows airfield

Biddle, Francis

and cabinet war briefing

and Japanese Americans

Blackout, and White House security

Bland, W. H. P.

Blitzkrieg
strategy

Bloch, Claude

Bloom, Sol

Bomb barrier, and White House security

Bomb shelter, and White House security

Bomb threats, and White House security

Bombs, armor piercing

Borah, William

Bratton, Rufus

British Malaya

Bulletproof glass, and White House Security

Bullitt, William

Bureau of Engraving and Printing

Bush, George W.

California

Capone, Al

Casualties, of Pearl Harbor attack

and congressional leaders, FDR's address to

Censorship

Central America

China

occupation of

Churchill, Winston

and declaration of war against Germany

and declaration of war against Japan

and FDR, letters between

and FDR, meetings between

and FDR, phone calls between

and FDR's war address

and Hopkins

and Japan

radio messages of

and U.S. intervention

and war resolution (U.S.), passage of

Civil liberties violations

Clark Field

Cleveland, Grover

Clinton, Bill

Coca-Cola

Cocaine

Cocktail hour, in Oval Study

Code machines (Japanese), destruction of

Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies

Communications system

and White House security

Communism

Congress (U.S.)

FDR's address to

and war resolution, passage of

Congressional leaders, FDR's address to

Connally, Tom

Conspiracy theories

Cooper, Jere

Counterattack

Cox, James

Creel, George

Custodial Detention Lists

Czechoslovakia

Daly, John

Damage reports

and congressional leaders, FDR's address to

and incomplete information

and misinformation and rumors

Deception

Declaration of war

against Germany

against Japan

against U.S.

and World War I,

Democratic Convention (1924), FDR's speech at

Democratic Convention (1928), FDR's speech at

Denmark

Destroyers-for-bases deal

DeWitt, John

Dingell, John

Dirksen, Everett

Dixon, Frank M.

Documents, of presidential administrations

Domestic terrorism

Donovan, William “Wild Bill,”

Earle, Mrs. John

Early, Steve

and cabinet war briefing

and damage reports

and damage reports, and misinformation and rumors

and press, censorship of

and reports of Pearl Harbor, attack on

and White House security

East Coast, and Japanese invasion, fear of

Eaton, Charles

Economic expansion (U.S.)

Election (1940)

Elizalde, Joaquim

Ellis Island

Embargo

Emergency Proclamation 2525

Ethiopia

Ewa airfield

Executive Order 9066

Export license

Fahy, Charles

Far East

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

FDR Library

Federal Bureau of Investigation.
See
FBI

Fire prevention, and White House security

Fireside chats.
See also
Radio messages

First ladies, role of

Fish, Hamilton

Ford Island

Foreign Service officers

Formosa

Fourteen-part Japanese message

and fourteenth-part

France

defeat of

Franco, Francisco

Freud, Sigmund

Fuchida, Mitsuo

and surprise, element of

and tactical miscue

Gas masks, and White House security

Gaston, Herbert E.

Genda, Minoru (aka Mad Genda)

military strategy of