Polio Wars (125 page)

respect, issue of,
7
,
9
,
17
,
38
,
121
,
209
,
224
–
225
,
268
,
279
,
346
,
373
,
403

Physical therapy

child patients,
42
–
43

as gendered practice,
xi
,
17
,
40

as professional field,
7
,
41
–
44
,
52
,
89
,
208
,
224
,
418

Physical Therapy Review
,
406

Physicians

adoption of Kenny's work by,
107
–
108

as converts to Kenny method,
94
–
97

courses for,
94
,
125

dislike of Kenny,
10
,
104
,
111
,
162
,
198
,
208
,
280
,
410
,
411
,
413
,
433
n
114

Kenny's approach to,
xvii
,
4
,
7
,
10
,
12
–
14
,
19
,
23
,
41
,
41
f
,
42
,
55
,
62
,
88
,
92
,
94
–
95

response to
The Kenny Concept
,
269

Physicians Forum,
307

“Physiologic Nonsense and Poliomyelitis”
(JAMA)
,
187

Physiotherapy Review
,
42
,
89
,
119

Pickford, Mary,
194
–
195
,
223

Pittsburgh Courier
,
360

Pittsburgh Press
,
274

Pittsburgh Sun Telegraph
,
273
,
402

Plastridge, Alice,
42
,
43
–
44
,
49
–
50
,
163
,
166

Platt, Philip,
305
,
309

Pohl, John Florian

at AMA meeting,
99

on AMA report,
217
–
218

cerebral palsy and,
374

Cohn and,
413

courses for physicians,
94

disassociation from NFIP,
306

early skepticism of,
95
–
96

gender discrimination awareness,
233
n
118

JAMA
articles and,
54
,
58
,
322

as Kenny ally/supporter,
20
,
56
,
100
,
107
,
197
,
374
,
409

The Kenny Concept
and,
121
f

Kenny's praise of,
23

NRC visit and,
204
–
207

orthopedic committee visit and,
103
,
104

physical therapists' assessment of Kenny and,
46
,
48
–
50

Sister Kenny
film and,
252
,
255
,
276

statistics on Kenny's patients,
267
,
273

study of Institute patients,
212

technical film use,
247

as textbook co-author,
87
,
109
,
115
,
116
–
121
,
166
,
271

Pokorny, František,
355
,
357

Polio

cause/spread of,
xii
,
xv
,
xvii
,
40
,
313

clinical symptoms/pathology relationship,
xiv

infection fears,
5
,
20
,
91
,
161
,
178
n
74

link to WWII,
149
–
150

misdiagnosis of,
xvii
,
5
,
86
,
98
–
99
,
186

new concepts of,
x
–
xi
,
36
–
38
,
39
–
40
,
91
,
100
–
101
,
108
,
118
,
123
,
260
–
261
,
306
,
342
,
351
,
376
–
377

as new disease,
xii
–
xiv

outbreaks of (early 20th c.),
xii
,
5

race politics in,
209

virological science and,
xvii
,
39
,
102
,
246
,
313
,
317
,
342
,
349
,
352
,
365
–
366
,
373
,
376
,
379

Polio and Its Problems
(Berg),
242
n
280
,
321
,
386
n
67

Polio epidemics

in early 20
^th
century,
43
,
51
,
150
,
277

in 1930s,
xv
,
16
,
42
,
86
,
169
,
355

in 1940s and 1950s,
46
,
53
,
58
–
59
,
101
,
110
–
111
,
161
,
165
,
185
,
188
,
190
,
201
,
211
,
223
,
245
,
266
,
274
,
307
,
319
,
326
–
327
,
344
,
352
–
358
,
369
,
377
–
378
,
412
–
413
,
419

Polio films,
44
,
88
,
166
,
202
,
211
,
218
,
224
–
225
,
246
.
See also
The Kenny Concept

Polio Hall of Fame (NFIP),
402
,
412
,
413

Poliomyelitis A Systemic Disease
(Kenny),
377

The Polio Paradox
(Bruno),
420

Polio philanthropy,
ix
,
14
–
16
,
39
,
110
–
111
,
156
,
186
–
187
,
193
.
See also
Birthday Ball Commission; Georgia Warm Springs Foundation (GWSF); Kenny Foundation (KF); National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP)

Polio Pioneers
,
402

Polio sera,
127
n
13

Polio survivors

adult,
156
–
158
,
160
–
161
,
165
,
421
,
422
–
423

African American,
208
–
209

disability politics and,
15
,
150
,
156
–
158
,
167
–
168
,
173
,
380

reemergence of,
419
–
420

Roosevelt and,
107
,
154
–
155
,
407

Polio therapy/treatment.
See also
Immobilization therapy; Iron lung

alternative options,
169
–
170

comparing results of,
61
–
62

conservative turn in,
xiv

in Europe,
342
–
344

home care, promotion of,
346
–
347

hydrotherapy,
xiii
–
xiv
,
97
,
343
,
355

immobilization,
xiii
,
xiv
,
5
,
173

Kenny's efforts to transform,
xix

muscle testing,
xiii
,
48
,
50
–
51
,
54
,
72
,
86
,
89
,
123
,
152
,
319
,
344
,
378
,
418
,
424

NFIP funded therapies/studies,
15
,
39
–
40

NFIP's experience with,
16
,
39
,
159

observations to assess,
7
,
45
,
86
,
159

orthopedic surgery,
xiii
,
45
,
62
,
97
,
100
,
119

pain in,
161
–
163
,
168
–
169
,
343
–
344
,
420

“physiological rest,”
5

power relations in,
17
,
91
,
112

public say in,
158
,
165

racist policies in,
209

research/clinical practice vacuum,
40

rest/enforced straightening concepts,
xii
–
xiii

Polio vaccines

discovery of,
xx

Kenny's fascination with,
306
,
379

Kenny's legacy linked to,
407
,
416

O'Connor on,
373

Sabin/Salk rivalry,
402
,
417

Salk experiments with,
373

testing in 1930s of,
6
,
15
,
313

testing in 1950s of,
402
–
403
,
408

Polio wars

AMA reports and,
197
–
201

cerebral palsy treatment in,
213
–
214

Kenny Foundation campaign in,
218
–
226

March of Dimes in,
192
–
196

National Research Council and,
204
–
208

NFIP funding and,
186
–
188

“organized opposition” in,
215
–
218

“Pennies for Kenny” campaign and,
208
–
213

in popular culture,
191
–
192

popular press in,
199

populist movement in,
201
–
204

public outrage and,
188
–
191

research expansion and,
226

University of Minnesota and,
196
–
197

Pollock, Lewis,
317

Pooler, James,
215

Populist movement

emergence of,
218

polio wars and,
187
–
188
,
201
–
204

Populist science,
303

Poster child,
202
,
219
,
224
,
308
,
366
,
403
,
425

Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS),
xx
,
419
–
421
,
423

Posture and Pain
(Kendall and Kendall),
418

Potter, Robert,
57
–
58

“The Present Status of Poliomyelitis Management” (Visscher et al),
200
–
201

Progressive Citizens of America,
307

Prostigmine (neostigmine),
122

Psychosomatic Medicine
,
164

Public Health Service.
See
United States Public Health Service

Pye, Aubrey

background of,
29
n
69

as Kenny ally,
11
,
12
,
381

Queen Mary's Hospital (England),
9
–
10
,
213
,
346
,
351
,
352

Queensland government, as force for medical progress,
6

Queensland lottery,
25
n
18

Queensland Royal Commission (Report of)

commissioners,
9
,
27
n
46
,
268
,
421

compared to Minneapolis physicians,
23
,
46

on Jungeblut's work,
313

Kenny's prognoses in,
27
n
47

on Mills' defense of Kenny,
27
n
49

Quigley, Walter,
57
–
58

Race politics,
208
–
209

Race-segregated institutions,
360

Ransohoff, Nicholas,
122
,
142
n
268
,
318

Ray-Bell Films,
206
,
259

Reader's Digest
,
64
–
66
,
72
–
73
,
102
–
103
,
106
,
110
,
122
,
163
–
164
,
187
,
209
,
210
,
247

Red Book,
115
–
120
,
355
,
357
.
See also
The Kenny Concept of Infantile Paralysis
(Pohl and Kenny)