Polio Wars (26 page)

98.
Kenny to Dear Sir [O'Connor], June 13 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K; Kenny to Dear Mr. O'Connor, August 4 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

99.
O'Connor to My Dear Sister Kenny, October 7 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K; Basil O'Connor to My Dear Sister Kenny, September 8 1941, Basil O'Connor, 1940–1942, MHS-K.

100.
Note to: Dr. Fishbein 6/23/41 “How should I answer this? BO'C?” [on] Kenny to Dear Sir [O'Connor], June 13 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K; Morris Fishbein to My Dear Mr. O'Connor, September 9 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

101.
Morris Fishbein
The Medical Follies; an Analysis of the Foibles of Some Healing Cults, Including Osteopathy, Homeopathy, Chiropractic, and the Electronic Reactions of Abrams, with Essays on the Antivivisectionists, Health Legislation, Physical Culture, Birth Control, and Rejuvenation
(New York: Boni & Liveright, 1925); Morris Fishbein
The New Medical Follies; an Encyclopedia of Cultism and Quackery in These United States, with Essays on the Cult of Beauty, the Craze for Reduction, Rejuvenation, Eclecticism, Bread and Dietary Fads, Physical Therapy, and a Forecast as to the Physician of the Future
(New York: Boni and Liveright, 1927).

102.
Lawrence C. Salter [
JAMA
editorial department] to Dear Don [Gudakunst], December 18 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

103.
O'Connor had sent this manuscript to Fishbein after asking the NFIP executive secretary Peter Cusack to “check him and let me know who he is—if OK etc”; BOC to PC, [handwritten note on] Walter E. Quigley to Dear Mr. O'Connor, June 29 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

104.
Morris Fishbein to Dear Mr. Quigley, August 9 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

105.
Morris Fishbein to My Dear Mr. O'Connor, August 9 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

106.
W. E. Quigley to Dear Doctor [Fishbein], August 12 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

107.
Robert W. Potter to My Dear Dr. Don Gudakunst, June 13 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

108.
Morris Fishbein to My Dear Mr. O'Connor, August 9 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

109.
Morris Fishbein to My Dear Mr. Potter, July 15 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K. See also Potter to Gudakunst, June 13 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K; Potter to Dr. Fishbein, July 16 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

110.
Robert D. Potter to Dr Don Gudakunst [telegram], June 26 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

111.
Robert D. Potter “Sister Kenny's Treatment for Infantile Paralysis”
American Weekly
August 17 1941, 4–13.

112.
James S. Pooler “Fishbein Denies Unfairness Was Shown Sister Kenny”
Detroit Free Press
April 2 1945.

113.
Chown [Report], June 11 1940, Minutes, Board of Directors 1938–1955, Children's Hospital of Winnipeg MG 10B33, Box 7, Province Archives, Manitoba; Kenny “Data Concerning Introduction of Kenny Concept”; see also Christopher Rutty “The Middle-Class Plague: Epidemic Polio and the Canadian State, 1936–1937”
Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
(1996) 13: 277–314.

114.
September 9 1941, Minutes, Board of Directors 1938–1955, Children's Hospital of Winnipeg MG 10B33, Box 7, Province Archives; President [O'Connor] to Dear Mr. Bell, August 4 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K; see also [anon] “Kenny Method of Treatment: Experiences at the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg”
Canadian Public Health Journal
(June 1942) 33: 275.

115.
Kenny with Ostenso
And They Shall Walk
, 242; “Polio Nurse Will Tell Canadians of Her Methods”
Minneapolis Daily Time
s August 22 1941; “Polio ‘Wonder Nurse' Off on Winnipeg Mercy Visit”
Minneapolis Daily Times
August 24 1941.

116.
A. E. Deacon “The Treatment of Poliomyelitis in the Acute Stage”
Canadian Public Health Journal
(1942) 33: 278–281.

117.
A. E. Deacon to Dear Dr. Gudakunst, January 6 1942, Public Relations, MOD-K. See also Deacon “The Treatment of Poliomyelitis in the Acute Stage,” 280. Deacon (1902–2004) graduated in medicine from the University of Manitoba in 1929 and trained in orthopedic surgery at Winnipeg's Children's Hospital and the Mayo Clinic, completing a Master of Science degree from the University of Minnesota in 1935. He joined the orthopedic staff at Winnipeg Children's Hospital and the Winnipeg General Hospital and later the Winnipeg Shriners' Hospital. Deacon supposedly had polio as a child and had a paralyzed leg; Harry Medovy
A Vision Fulfilled: The Story of the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg 1909–1973
(Winnipeg: Pegius Publishers, 1979), 60.

118.
October 14 1941, Minutes, Board of Directors 1938–1955, Children's Hospital of Winnipeg MG 10B33, Box 7, Province Archives.

119.
December 9 1941, Minutes Board of Directors 1938–1955, Children's Hospital of Winnipeg MG 10B33, Box 7, Province Archives. Chown (1893–1986) gained his medical degree from the University of Manitoba in 1922 and then studied pediatrics at Columbia, Cornell, and Johns Hopkins. He returned to Winnipeg to take a position as a pathologist at Children's Hospital and was chair of pediatrics at the Children's Hospital from 1949 to 1959; J. M. Bowman “Dr. Bruce Chown”
University of Manitoba Medical Journal
(1986) 56: 74.

120.
Deacon “The Treatment of Poliomyelitis in the Acute Stage,” 278–281; Helen H. Ross “Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Infantile Paralysis”
Canadian Public Health Journal
(1942) 33: 285–286.

121.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Chown, August 31 1941, Dr. Bruce Chown, 1941–1946, MHS-K.

122.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Chown, September 22 1941, Dr. Bruce Chown, 1941–1946, MHS-K.

123.
Kenny to Dear Mr. O'Connor, October 11 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

124.
“Paralysis Treatment Boosted”
Newsweek
(September 8 1941) 18: 62; “Rationed ho-yo-to-hos”
Time
(September 8 1941) 38: 55; Marjorie Lawrence
Interrupted Melody: An Autobiography
(New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1949), 182–205; “Soprano's Return”
Time
(September 14 1942) 40: 67.

125.
Lawrence
Interrupted Melody
, 193.

126.
Lawrence
Interrupted Melody
, 196; Robert M. Lewin “Comeback”
Los Angeles Times
June 13 1943; “Diva Returns, Paralysis Beaten”
New York Times
December 29 1943.

127.
Kenny to Dear Mr. O'Connor, October 11 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

128.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Fishbein, October 5 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

129.
Kenny with Ostenso
And They Shall Walk
, 231; see also Kenny “Results of Evidence Presented at the Medical Conference Held in Minneapolis December 3rd to 6th [1945],” Public Relations, MOD-K.

130.
Kenny with Ostenso
And They Shall Walk
, 229, 230–231.

131.
Kenny with Ostenso
And They Shall Walk
, 231.

132.
McCarroll and Crego, Jr. “An Evaluation of Physiotherapy,” 851–861; Table 7, page 857.

133.
Kenny
Treatment of Infantile Paralysis
, 42; Kenny “Data Concerning Introduction of Kenny Concept.”

134.
McCarroll and Crego, Jr. “An Evaluation of Physiotherapy,” 852. They had also referred to Arthur Legg and Robert Lovett who were dead.

135.
K. G. Hansson “Present Status of Physical Therapy in Anterior Poliomyelitis”
Physiotherapy Review
(1942) 22: 3–5; Henry O. Kendall and Florence P. Kendall “Let's Immobilize False Impressions”
Physiotherapy Review
(1942) 22: 136–137.

136.
Kendall and Kendall “Report,” 12–13.

137.
On her feeling that her method must “be set down in the form of a text book” so it could be used “for intensive study”; R. W. Cilento “Report on The Muscle Re-Education Clinic, Townsville,” Kenny Collection, Fryer Library, 4.

138.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Fishbein, October 5 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K; Philip Lewin
Infantile Paralysis: Anterior Poliomyelitis
(Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1941); Kenny to Dear Dr. Diehl, November 4 1941, Dr. Harold S. Diehl, 1941–1944, MHS-K.

139.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Diehl, September 5 1941, Dr. Harold S. Diehl, 1941–1944, MHS-K.

140.
Krusen
Physical Medicine
, 596–599.

141.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Diehl, September 5 1941, Dr. Harold S. Diehl, 1941–1944, MHS-K.

142.
Kenny with Ostenso
And They Shall Walk
, 245–246; Kenny
Treatment of Infantile Paralysis
. See also “If this work cannot be recorded by description and illustration no lasting benefit shall be derived from my efforts”; Kenny to Sir [Chuter], January 19 1940, Home Secretary's Office, Special Batches, Kenny Clinics, 1941–1949, A/31753, QSA.

143.
Kenny
Treatment of Infantile Paralysis
, xix. The clinics shown were Rockhampton, Royal North Shore, Queen Mary's in Carshalton, Cairns, Hampton, Townsville, George Street in Brisbane, and the Brisbane General Hospital.

144.
Kenny to Dear Mr. Connor [sic], September 30 1941, Basil O'Connor 1940–1942, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Sir [O'Connor], December 4 1940, Public Relations, MOD-K.

145.
Cilento “Report on The Muscle Re-Education Clinic, Townsville,” Kenny Collection, Fryer Library, 4.

146.
Kenny to Dear Mr. Connor [sic], September 30 1941, Basil O'Connor 1940–1942, MHS-K.

147.
Edward L. Compere to Dear Doctor Guderkunst [sic], January 27 1942, Public Relations, MOD-K.

148.
DWG to BO'C Memorandum, October 2 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

149.
Gudakunst to Dear Doctor Compere, January 29 1942, Public Relations, MOD-K.

150.
Wallace H. Cole, John F. Pohl, and Miland E. Knapp “The Kenny Method of Treatment for Infantile Paralysis”
Archives of Physical Therapy
(June 1942) 23: 399–418, and November 1942,
Archives of Physical Therapy
, published as a separate pamphlet by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (Publication No. 40, 1942).

151.
DWG to BOC Memorandum re Lectures by Sister Kenny, September 18 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

152.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Diehl, June 21 1943, Dr. Harold S. Diehl, 1941–1944, MHS-K. In Kenny's recollection of the incident, Fishbein had phoned Bruce saying that the NFIP “had an iron bound contract with me and exclusive rights to all literature, for which they had paid $40,000. Bruce later claimed that Fishbein had also asked for proofs of the book's first few chapters, saying “he wanted to check them over”; James S. Pooler “Kenny Complaint Based on Money”
Detroit Free Press
March 31 1945.

153.
J. R. Bruce to Dear Dr. Fishbein, September 19 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K. Gudakunst asked Cole to make sure that Bruce agreed “to insert a flyleaf giving a statement to the effect that the National Foundation had no responsibility for the publication nor does it sponsor the distribution of the book”; DWG to BO'C Memorandum, October 2 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

154.
Fishbein to My Dear Mr. O'Connor, September 20 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

155.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Diehl, June 21 1943, Dr. Harold S. Diehl, 1941–1944, MHS-K; Fishbein to My Dear Mr. O'Connor, October 9 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

156.
Kenny to Dear Dr. Fishbein, October 5 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K; Kenny to Dear Mr. Connor [sic], September 30 1941, Basil O'Connor 1940–1942, MHS-K.

157.
Fishbein to My Dear Mr. O'Connor, October 9 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

158.
O'Connor to My Dear Dr. Fishbein, October 14 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

159.
Morris Fishbein to My Dear Mr. O'Connor, September 9 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

160.
Lois Maddox Miller “Sister Kenny vs. Infantile Paralysis,”
Reader's Digest
(December 1941) 39: 1–2.

161.
Miller “Sister Kenny vs. Infantile Paralysis,” 4–5.

162.
Miller “Sister Kenny vs. Infantile Paralysis,” 3, 5.

163.
Miller “Sister Kenny vs. Infantile Paralysis,” 2, 5.

164.
“Statement Relative to the Kenny Method of Treatment of Infantile Paralysis in the Early Stage” [press release], December 6, 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

165.
“Statement Relative to the Kenny Method”; and “Kenny Paralysis Treatment Approved by U.S. Medicine”
New York Times
December 5 1941.

166.
Editorial “Physiologic Anatomy of Poliomyelitis”
JAMA
(December 6 1941) 117: 1980–1981.

167.
“New Infantile Paralysis Treatment Gets Approval”
Science News Letter
(December 13 1941) 40: 371.

168.
“Sister Kenny's Triumph”
Newsweek
(December 15 1941) 8: 77; “Sister Kenny Endorsed”
Time
(December 15 1941) 38: 85.

169.
“Kenny Paralysis Treatment Approved by U.S. Medicine”
New York Times
December 5 1941.

170.
Editorial “The Kenny Method of Treatment in the Acute Peripheral Manifestations of Infantile Paralysis”
JAMA
(December 20 1941) 117: 2171–2172.

171.
Kenny to Dear Mr. O'Connor, December 27 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K; Kenny to Dear Dr. Gudakunst, December 14 1941, Dr. Don W. Gudakunst, 1941–1944, MHS-K.

172.
Kenny to Dear Mr. O'Connor, December 27 1941, Public Relations, MOD-K.

173.
[Review of] “Elizabeth Kenny
The Treatment of Infantile Paralysis in the Acute Stage
”
JAMA
(January 10 1942) 118: 179.