Power Systems (17 page)

2.
For useful background, see Stephen Franklin, “In Egypt, Arab World's ‘Largest Social Movement' Gains Steam Among Workers,”
In These Times
, 28 June 2010.

3.
John Thorne, “Tent City Is ‘A Call for Independence,'”
The National
(Abu Dhabi), 8 November 2010.

4.
For analysis, see Stephen Zunes and Jacob Mundy,
Western Sahara: War, Nationalism, and Conflict Irresolution
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2010).

5.
Rakesh Kochhar, Richard Fry, and Paul Taylor, “Wealth Gaps Rise to Record Highs Between Whites, Blacks, Hispanics,” Pew Research Center, Washington, DC, 26 July 2011.

6.
See “Median Net Worth of Households, 2005 and 2009,” in Kochhar, Fry, and Taylor, “Wealth Gaps Rise to Record Highs.”

7.
Joel Beinin, “Egypt's Workers Rise Up,”
Nation
, March 7–14, 2011. See also Amy Goodman's interview with Joel Beinin, “Striking Egyptian Workers Fuel the Uprising After 10 Years of Labor Organizing,”
Democracy Now!
, 10 February 2011.

8.
“Tunisia's Islamist Ennahda Party Wins Historic Poll,” BBC News Africa, 27 October 2011.

9.
Borzou Daragahi, “Call for Probe into Libyan Civilian Deaths,”
Financial Times
(London), 14 May 2012.

10.
Agence France-Presse, “Diplomacy Takes Centre Stage in Libyan Conflict,” 10 April 2011.

11.
Staff report, “BRICS Leaders Call for Diplomatic Solution to Libya Crisis,”
Nation
(Pakistan), 14 April 2011. See also Jo Ling Kent, “Leaders at BRICS Summit Speak Out Against Airstrikes in Libya,” CNN, 14 April 2011; and Hugh Roberts, “Who Said Gaddafi Had to Go?,”
London Review of Books
, 17 November 2011.

12.
Eric Westervelt, “NATO's Intervention in Libya: A New Model?” National Public Radio,
Morning Edition,
12 September 2011.

13.
Abby Phillip, “Turkey Not Game to Back NATO,”
Politico
, 28 March 2011.

14.
Donald Macintyre, “Arab Support Wavers as Second Night of Bombing Begins,”
Independent
(London), 21 March 2011.

15.
“African Union Offers Truce Plan to Libyan Rebels,” BBC News Africa, 11 April 2011.

16.
Aijaz Ahmad, “Libya Recolonised,”
Frontline
(India) 28, no. 3 (5–18 November 2011).

17.
Eric Schmitt, “U.S. ‘Gravely Concerned' over Violence in Libya,”
New York Times
, 20 February 2011. Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President on the Situation in Libya,” Office of the Press Secretary, 18 March 2011.

18.
Tariq Ali, “Libya Is Another Case of Selective Vigilantism by the West,”
Guardian
(London), 29 March 2011.

19.
Toby Matthiesen, “Saudi Arabian Security Forces Quell ‘Day of Rage' Protests,”
Guardian
(London), 11 March 2011. See also Toby Matthiesen, “Saudi Arabia: The Middle East's Most Under-Reported Conflict,”
Guardian
(London), 23 January 2012.

20.
Ethan Bronner and Michael Slackman, “Saudi Troops Enter Bahrain to Help Put Down Unrest,”
New York Times
, 14 March 2011.

21.
Eyder Peralta, “Symbol of Uprising Is Destroyed in Bahrain,” National Public Radio,
The Two Way
blog, 18 March 2011.

22.
Neela Banerjee and David S. Cloud, “Medical Workers Caught in Bahrain Security Crackdown,”
Los Angeles Times
, 21 March 2011.

23.
Gerald F. Seib, “Pivotal Moment for America,”
Wall Street Journal
, 12 February 2011.

24.
Lloyd C. Gardner,
Three Kings: The Rise of an American Empire in the Middle East After World War II
(New York: New Press, 2009), p. 96.

25.
Andre England and Sylvia Pfeifer, “Iraq's Proven Oil Reserves Soar by a Quarter,”
Financial Times
(London), 4 October 2010. See also Christopher Helman, “The World's Biggest Oil Reserves,”
Forbes
, 21 January 2010.

26.
Suzanne Goldenberg, “Bush Commits Troops to Iraq for the Long Term,”
Guardian
(London), 26 November 2007. See also Guy Raz, “Long-Term Pact with Iraq Raises Questions,” National Public Radio,
Morning Edition
, 24 January 2008. For further analysis, see Noam Chomsky,
Hopes and Prospects
(Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2010).

27.
Charlie Savage, “Bush Asserts Authority to Bypass Defense Act,”
Boston Globe
, 30 January 2008.

28.
GOP Debate, Myrtle Beach Convention Center, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 16 January 2012.

29.
William S. Cohen,
Report of the Quadrennial Defense Review
(Washington, DC: Department of Defense, May 1997), p.8.

30.
See, for example, Glenn Greenwald, “Killing of Bin Laden: What Are the Consequences?”
Salon
, 2 May 2011.

31.
Matthew Yglesias, “International Law Is Made by Powerful States,”
ThinkProgress.org
, 13 May 2011. See also Matthew Yglesias, “Killing Osama Bin Laden Is Legal,”
ThinkProgress.org
, 5 May 2011.

32.
“Is America Over?”
Foreign Affairs
6, no. 4 (November–December 2011).

33.
Scott Shane, “Balancing U.S. Policy on an Ally in Transition,”
New York Times
, 20 November 2011.

34.
For discussion and references, see Noam Chomsky,
Turning the Tide: U.S. Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace
, expanded ed. (Boston: South End Press, 1999), p.66.

35.
Thomas Carothers,
Critical Mission: Essays on Democracy Promotion
(Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2004), pp. 7, 42.

36.
Anthony Shadid, “At Mubarak Trial, Stark Image of Humbled Power,”
New York Times
, 3 August 2011.

37.
Senate Resolution 534, 109th Cong., 2d sess., 18 July 2006. For background, see Stephen Zunes, “Congress and the Israeli Attack on Lebanon: A Critical Reading,”
Foreign Policy in Focus
, 22 July 2006.

38.
Hans J. Morgenthau,
The Purpose of American Politics
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960).

39.
Ibid., p. 7.

40.
Ibid.

4. Domestic Disturbances

1.
Press Release, “Occupy the Dream Rolls Out National Steering Committee to Join the Occupy Wall Street Movement,” Occupy the Dream, Washington, DC, 3 January 2012.

2.
Charlie Savage, “Obama Drops Veto Threat Over Military Authorization Bill After Revisions,”
New York Times
, 14 December 2011.

3.
For a detailed analysis, see Glenn Greenwald, “Three Myths about the Detention Bill,”
Salon
, 16 December 2011.

4.
Supreme Court of the United States,
Holder
, Attorney General et al. v. Humanitarian Law Project et al., Washington, DC, no. 08–1498. Argued 23 February 2010. Decided 21 June 2010.

5.
U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Counterterrorism, Foreign Terrorist Organizations, 27 January 2012. Available at
http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm
.

6.
For analysis, see David Cole, “Advocacy Is Not a Gun,”
New York Times
,
Room for Debate
blog, 21 June 2010.

7.
“Mandela Taken Off US Terror List,” BBC News, 1 July 2008.

8.
David B. Ottaway, “Iraq Gives Haven to Key Terrorist,”
Washington Post
, 9 November 1982.

9.
“Mandela Taken Off US Terror List.”

10.
Robert Pear, “U.S. Report Stirs Furor in South Africa,”
New York Times
, 13 January 1989.

11.
Andy Grimm and Cynthia Dizikes, “FBI Raids Anti-war Activists' Homes,”
Chicago Tribune
, 24 September 2010.

12.
Glenn Greenwald, “The Omar Khadr Travesty,”
Salon
, 11 August 2010.

13.
Charlie Savage, “Delays Keep Former Qaeda Child Soldier at Guantánamo, Despite Plea Deal,”
New York Times
, 24 March 2012.

14.
Lawyers Rights Watch Canada, “Canada in Breach of Human Rights Obligations in Omar Khadr Case,” Vancouver, British Columbia, 16 May 2012.

15.
GOP Debate, Myrtle Beach Convention Center, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 16 January 2012.

16.
Ibid.

17.
Jeffrey M. Jones, “Unemployment Re-Emerges as Most Important Problem in the U.S.,” Gallup, 15 September 2011.

18.
Immanuel Wallerstein, interview with Sophie Shevardnadze,
Russia Today
, 4 October 2011.

19.
Martin Wolf, “The Big Question Raised by Anti-Capitalist Protests,”
Financial Times
(London), 28 October 2011.

20.
See also Richard Wolff,
Democracy at Work
(Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2012).

21.
Howard Zinn, “A Chorus Against War,”
The Progressive
67, no. 3 (March 2003), pp. 19–21.

22.
Howard Zinn, “Operation Enduring War,”
The Progressive
66, no. 3 (March 2002), pp. 12–13.

23.
David Hume, “Of the First Principles of Government,” in
Selected Essays
, ed. Stephen Copley and Andrew Edgar (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), p.

24.
24. Edward Bernays,
Propaganda
(Brooklyn: Ig Publishing, 2005), p. 127.

25.
Clinton Rossiter and James Lare,
The Essential Lippmann: A Political Philosophy for Liberal Democracy
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965), p.91.

26.
David Brooks, “Midlife Crisis Economics,”
New York Times
, 26 December 2011. Elizabeth Mendes, “In U.S., Fear of Big Government at Near-Record Level,” Gallup, 12 December 2011.

27.
See Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, “Question Wording,” no date, available at
http://www.people-press.org/methodology/questionnaire-design/question-wording/
.

28.
Eva Bertram, “Democratic Divisions in the 1960s and the Road to Welfare Reform,”
Political Science Quarterly
126, no. 4 (Winter 2011–12), pp. 579–610.

29.
Barbara Vobejda, “Clinton Signs Welfare Bill Amid Division,”
Washington Post
, 23 August 1996.

30.
Aristotle,
The Politics and the Constitution of Athens
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 75.

31.
James Madison, The Federalist No. 10 (“The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection [Continued]”),
Daily Advertiser
, 22 November 1787.

5. Unconventional Wisdom

1.
See Dean Baker, “Faith-Based Economics at the European Central Bank,”
Guardian
(London), 11 April 2012.

2.
Dakin Campbell, “U.S. Banks Face Contagion Risk from Europe Debt,” Bloomberg News, 17 November 2011.

3.
Michael Mackenzie, Dan McCrum, and Lindsay Whipp, “US Treasuries: Surprisingly Sturdy,”
Financial Times
(London), 15 December 2011.

4.
Richard Wolff, “Occupy Wall Street and the Economic Crisis,” New York, New York, 20 November 2011 (
Alternative Radio
, no. WOLR004). See also Richard Wolff and David Barsamian,
Occupy the Economy: Challenging Capitalism
(San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2012).

5.
Dan Bilefsky and Sebnem Arsu, “Charges Against Journalists Dim the Democratic Glow in Turkey,”
New York Times
, 4 January 2012.

6.
For a detailed discussion, see Kerim Yildiz,
The Kurds in Turkey: EU Accession and Human Rights
(London: Pluto Books, 2005).

7.
Tamar Gabelnick, William D. Hartung, and Jennifer Washburn, with Michelle Ciarrocca,
Arming Repression: U.S. Arms Sales to Turkey During the Clinton Administration
(New York and Washington, DC: World Policy Institute and Federation of Atomic Scientists, October 1999). See Table I: “Total Dollar Value of U.S. Arms Deliveries to Turkey Through the Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) and Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Programs from FY 1950 to 1998.”

8.
Jim Lobe, “Erdogan Most Popular Leader by Far Among Arabs,” Inter Press Service, 21 November 2011. James Zogby,
Arab Attitudes
,
2011
(Washington, DC: Arab American Institute Foundation, 2011), p. 1.

9.
Souren Melikian, “Turkey Reawakening to Its Vast Iranian Ties,”
New York Times
, 23 April 2010.

10.
David E. Sanger and Michael Slackman, “U.S. Is Skeptical on Iranian Deal for Nuclear Fuel,”
New York Times
, 17 May 2010. See also Mark Landler, “At the U.N., Turkey Asserts Itself in Prominent Ways,”
New York Times
, 22 September 2010.

11.
Alexei Barrionuevo, “Obama Writes to Brazil's Leader About Iran,”
New York Times
, 24 November 2009.

12.
Phillip, “Turkey Not Game to Back NATO,” 28 March 2011.

13.
Sebnem Arsu, “Turkey Lashes Out over French Bill About Genocide,”
New York Times
, 23 December 2011.

14.
“EU to Tell Turkey to Shape Up,”
New York Times
, 4 October 2008.