Authors: Lisa Hilton
Nip, Renée, ‘Political Relations between England and Flanders 1066—1128’,
Anglo-Norman Studies
XXI (1998)
O’Regan, Mary, ‘The Pre-Contract and Its Effect on the Succession’,
The Ricardian
No. 54, Vol. 4 (June 1976)
Ormrod, W.M., ‘Edward III and His Family’,
The Journal of British Studies
No. 4, Vol. 26 (October 1987)
Painter, Sidney, ‘The Houses of Lusignan and Chatellerault 1150—1250’,
Speculum
No. 30 (1955)
Post, J.B., ‘Ages at Menarche and Menopause: Some Medieval Authorities’,
Population Studies
25 (1971)
Reid, W. Stanford, ‘“Edward III and the Scots: The Formative Years of a Military Career”, by Renald Nicholson’,
Speculum
No. 1, Vol. 41 (June 1966)
Rhodes, W.E., ‘The Inventory of the Jewels and Wardrobe of Queen Isabella (1307—08)’,
English Historical Review No
. 12 (1897)
Richardson H. G., ‘The Marriage and Coronation of Isabelle of Angoulême’,
English Historical Review No
. 241, Vol. 61 (September 1946)
‘King John and Isabelle of Angoulême’,
English Historical Review
No. 256, Vol. 65 (July 1950).
‘The Letters and Charters of Eleanor of Aquitaine’,
English Historical Review
, Vol. 74 (1959)
Richardson, J., ‘The Letters and Charters of Eleanor of Aquitaine’,
English Historical Review
No. 74 (1959)
Ridgeway, H.W., ‘Foreign Favourites and Henry III’s Problems of Patronage’,
English Historical Review
No. 104 (1989)
Robinson, Fred C, ‘The Prescient Woman in Old English Literature’,
Philologia Anglia
(1988)
Saul, Nigel, ‘The Despensers and the Downfall of Edward II’,
English Historical Review
XCIX (1984)
Stones, E.L.G., ‘The Date of Roger Mortimer’s Escape from the Tower of London’,
English Historical Review
LXVI (1951)
Strayer, Joseph P., ‘
“Enquetes sur les droit set revenues de Charles lère d’Anjou en Provence”
by Edouard Baratier’,
American Historical Review No.3
, Vol. 76 (June 1971)
Sutton, A. and Visser-Fuchs, L., ‘A Most Benevolent Queen,’
The Ricardian
No. 129, Vol. 10 (June 1995)
‘The Device of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’,
The Ricardian
No. 136, Vol. 11 (March 1997)
‘Royal Burials at Windsor’,
The Ricardian No
. 144, Vol. 11 (March 1999)
Tatlock, J.S.P., ‘Muriel: The Earliest English Poetess’,
Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
48 (1933)
Turner, Ralph V, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine and Her Children: An Inquiry into Medieval Family Attachment’,
Journal of Medieval History
14 (1988)
‘The Problem of Survival for the Angevin “Empire”: Henry II and His Sons’
‘Vision versus Late Twelfth Century Realities’,
American Historical Review
No. l, Vol. 100 (February 1995)
Valente, Claire, ‘The Lament of Edward II: Religious Lyric, Political Propaganda’,
Speculum
No. 2, Vol. LXXVIII (April 2002)
Van Houts, E., ‘Latin Poetry and the Anglo-Norman Court’,
Journal of Medieval History
15 (1989)
Walker, Curtis H., ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Disaster at Cadmos Mountain on the Second Crusade’,
American Historical Review
No. 55, Vol. 4 (1950)
Wertheimer, L., ‘Adeliza of Louvain and Anglo-Norman Queenship’,
Haskins Society Journal
No. 7 (1997)
Williams, Barrie, ‘Elizabeth of York’s Last Journey’,
The Ricardian
No. 83, Vol. 6 (March 1988)
NOTES
For brevity, primary sources are cited only where they are not previously referenced in the text. All quotations from letters, except where otherwise stated, are from Anne Crawford’s
Letters of the Queens of England, 1100—1457
(Stroud, 2002)
.
1.
Cited in Lois L. Huneycutt,
Matilda of Scotland: A Study in Medieval Queenship
(Woodbridge, 2003), p.35.
2.
Dorothy Laird,
How the Queen Reigns
(London, 1959), p.35.
3.
Pauline Stafford,
Queens, Concubines, Dowagers: The King’s Wife in the Early Middle Ages
(London, 1983), p.34.
4.
Alcuin Blamires,
The Case for Women in Medieval Culture
(Oxford, 1997), p.20. Peter Abelard’s comments are in ‘The Authority and Dignity of Nuns’, Letter 7,
The Letters of Abelard and Heloise
, trans. C.K. Scott Moncrierf (New york, 1977),
5.
Blamires, op. cit., p.89
6.
Philippe Aries,
Centuries of Childhood
, trans. Robert Baldick (London, 1962), p.368.
7.
J.L. Laynesmith,
The Last Medieval Queens
(Oxford, 2004), p.77.
8.
Conor McCarthy,
Marriage in Medieval England: Law, Literature and Practice
(Woodbridge, 2004), p.99.
9.
Linda Paterson, ‘Gender Negotiations in France During the Central Middle Ages: The Literary Evidence’, in
The Medieval World
, ed. Peter Linehan and Janet L. Nelson (New York, Routledge, 2003), p.250.
10.
Margaret Howell,
Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in Thirteenth Century England
(Oxford, 1998), p.77.
11.
Peter Coss,
The Lady in Medieval England 1000—1500
(Stroud, 1998), p.12. See also Theodore Evergates, ‘The Aristocracy of Champagne in the Mid-Thirteenth Century’, in
Journal of Interdisciplinary History
, No. 1, Vol. 5 (Summer 1974).
PART ONE
CHAPTER 1: MATILDA OF FLANDERS
1.
David C. Douglas,
William the Conqueror
(London, 1964) p.79.
2.
Orderic Vitalis.
3.
Douglas, op. cit., p.76.
4.
Orderic Vitalis.
5.
Adam of Eynsham.
6.
Agnes Strickland,
Lives of the Queens of England
Vol. 1 (London, 1851), p.9.
7.
Exeter Book.
8.
Quoted in Nicholas Vincent, ‘Isabella of Angoulême: John’s Jezebel’, in
King John: New Interpretations
, ed. S.D. Church (Woodbridge, 1999), p.20.
9.
Nicholas, op. cit., p.41.
10.
David Starkey,
Monarchy
(London, 2004), p.80.
11.
Pauline Stafford, ‘Emma: The Powers of the Queen in the Eleventh Century’, in
Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe
, ed. Anne J. Duggan (Woodbridge, 1997), p.4.
12.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
.
13.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
.
14.
Henrietta Leyser,
Medieval Women: A Social History of Women in England 450—1500
(London, 1995), p.20.
15.
Ibid., p.34.
16.
From P.J.P. Goldberg, ‘Women’, in
Fifteenth Century Attitudes: Perceptions of Society in Late Medieval England
, ed. Rosemary Horrox (Cambridge, 1994), cited p.123.
17.
J. Ward,
English Noblewomen in the Later Middle Ages
(London, 1992), p.57.
18.
Quoted in John Gillingham,
The Wars of the Roses
(Baton Rouge, 1981), P.49.
19.
Orderic Vitalis.
20.
David Crouch,
The Normans
(London, 2002), p.83.
21.
Douglas, op. cit., p.85.
22.
Huneycutt,
Matilda of Scotland
, op. cit., p.50.
23.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,
‘D’ version.
24.
Pauline Stafford, ‘Chronicle D, 1067 and Women: Gendering Conquest in Eleventh Century England’, in
Anglo-Saxons
, ed. Simon Keynes and Alfred P. Smyth (Portland, 2006), p.209.
25.
James Chambers,
The Norman Kings
(London, 1981), p.17.
26.
Orderic Vitalis.
27.
William of Jumièges,
Gesta Normanorum Ducum
.
28.
Recueil des Actes des Ducs de Normandie
.
CHAPTER 2: MATILDA OF SCOTLAND
1.
Huneycutt,
Matilda of Scotland
, op. cit., p.165.
2.
Ibid., p.17.
3.
Eadmer.
4.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
.
5.
Ibid.
6.
Anselm.
7.
Eadmer.
8.
Ibid.
9.
Aelred of Rievaulx.
10.
Anne Crawford,
Letters of the Queens of England
(Stroud, 2002), p.20.
11.
Anselm.
12.
On Henry’s absences from England see, for example, Robert Bartlett,
England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075—1225
(Oxford, 2000), pp. 38—41, and William Farrer,
An Outline Itinerary for Henry I
(Oxford, 1919).
13.
Huneycutt,
Matilda of Scotland
, op. cit., p.74.
14.
Ibid., p.80.
15.
Ibid., p.38.
16.
Life of St Margaret of Scotland
, The Idea of a Perfect Princesse in the Life of St Margaret Queen of Scotland’ (Paris, 1661).
17.
Huneycutt. op. cit., p.26.
18.
Lois L. Huneycutt, ‘Proclaiming her Dignity Abroad: The Literary and Artistic Network of Matilda of Scotland’, in
The Cultural Patronage of Medieval Women
, ed. June Hall McCash (Athens, GA, 1996), p.155.
19.
Roy Strong,
The Spirit of Britain: A Narrative History of the Arts
(London, 1999), p.38.
20.
See Jacques Le Goff, ‘What Did The Twelfth Century Renaissance Mean?’, in Linehan and Nelson, op. cit., pp.635—47.
21.
Susan M. Johns,
Noblewomen, Aristocracy and Power in the Twelfth Century Anglo-Norman Realm
(Manchester, 2003), p.37.
22.
William of Malmesbury,
Gesta
.
23.
Huneycutt,
Matilda of Scotland
, op. cit., p.128.
24.
Liber Monasterii de Hyda
.
1.
Marjorie Chibnall,
The Empress Matilda: Queen Consort, Queen Mother and Lady of the English
(Oxford, 1993), p.37.
2.
Alison Weir,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
(London, 2000), p.134.
3.
Quoted in Bartlett, op. cit, p.41.
4.
William of Malmesbury,
Gesta
.
CHAPTER 4: MATILDA OF BOULOGNE
1.
David Crouch,
The Reign of King Stephen
(Harlow, 2000), p.24.
2.
Warren Hollister, ‘The Anglo-Norman Succession Debate of 1126: Prelude to Stephen’s Anarchy’, in
Journal of Medieval History
1 (1976), p.25.
3.
Crouch,
The Reign of King Stephen,
op. cit., p.31.
4.
Ibid., p.318.
5.
Orderic Vitalis.
6.
Heather J. Tanner, ‘Queenship, Custom or Ad Hoc? The Case of Matilda III of England’, in
Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady,
ed. John Carmi Parsons and Bonnie Wheeler (Basingstoke, 2002), p.139.
7.
Crouch,
The Reign of King Stephen,
op. cit., p.126.
8.
Ibid., p.77.
9.
Marjorie Chibnall,
The Empress Matilda,
op. cit., p.87.
10.
Crouch,
The Reign of King Stephen,
op. cit., p.126.
11.
For illumination compare Marjorie Chibnall,
The Empress Matilda,
p.85, with David Crouch, ‘Robert of Gloucester and the daughters of Zelophehad’,
Journal of Medieval History,
No. 11 (1965).
12.
See john Carmi Parsons, ‘Mothers, Daughters, Marriage, Power: Some Plantagenet Evidence 1150—1500’, in
Medieval Queenship,
ed. john Carmi Parsons (Stroud, 1994).
13.
Gesta Stephani
.
14.
johns, op. cit., p.19.
15.
Chibnall,
The Empress Matilda,
op. cit., p.115.
16.
Crouch,
The Reign of King Stephen,
op. cit., p.261.
17.
Betty Bandel, ‘The English Chroniclers’ Attitude Towards Women’, in
Journal of the History of Ideas
, No. 1, Vol. 16 (January 1955), p.114.
PART TWO
CHAPTER 5: ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE
1.
W.L. Warren,
Henry II
(New Haven, 2000), p.121.
2.
Christopher Tyerman,
God’s War: A New History of the Crusades
(London, 2006), p.275.
3.
Constance Brittain Bouchard, ‘Eleanor’s Divorce from Louis VII: The Uses of Consanguinity’, in Carmi Parsons and Wheeler,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit., p.230.
4.
See Andrew W. Lewis, ‘The Birth and Childhood of King lohn: Some Revisions’, in Carmi Parsons and Wheeler,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit.
5.
Weir,
Eleanor of Aquitaine,
op. cit., p.34.
6.
Bernard of Clairvaux,
Letters
, trans. B.S.james (Stroud, 1998), No. 323.
7.
Tyerman, op. cit., p.328.
8.
See Alfred Richard,
Histoire des Comtes de Poitou
(Paris, 1903).
9.
William Stubbs, quoted in Curtis H. Walker, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Disaster at Cadmos Mountain on the Second Crusade’, in
American Historical Review No.
55, Vol. 4 (1950).
10.
Peggy McCracken, ‘Scandalizing Desire: Eleanor of Aquitaine and the
Chroniclers’, in Carmi Parsons and Wheeler,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit., p.247.
11.
Tyerman, op. cit., p.333.
12.
Otto of Freising,
The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa
, trans. C.C. Mierow (Columbia, 1953), p.27.